CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 The historical importance of pedal powered machines

can be easily overlooked by people who grew accustomed to

fossil fuels and ubiquitous electricity. Therefore, it

cannot be stressed enough how much of an improvement pedal

power was in the light of thousands of years of human

drudgery. Pedals and cranks make use of human power in a

near-optimum way.

The circular pedaling motion mainly activates the thigh

muscles or quadriceps which are the largest and most

powerful muscles in the human body. Furthermore, using the

appropriate gearing, pedals and cranks make use of these

muscles at an optimal speed: about 60 to 90 revolutions per

minute. Research in the twentieth century has shown that

muscles develop maximum power when they are contracting

quickly against a small resistance.

Historically, the motions used to harvest human muscle

power used inappropriate muscles moving against resistances

which were too large at speeds which were too low. While

human powered capstans and treadwheels were much more

efficient, their use was limited because of their size and

especially in the case of treadwheels, their high costs.

8
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Pedal washing machine structure

The Pedal Powered washing machine used to wash clothes,

it helps to obtain a less effort uniform washing. It can be

used in places where Electricity is not available. It is

designed as portable one which can be used for washing in

various Places. The main parts of are washing machine are

sprocket and chain drive, wheel and multi utility drum. The

hack saw is connected with the reciprocating rod. By

pedaling the bicycle the wheel rotates it will also rotate

the multi utility drum for the washing. Thus wash the

clothes without any external energy like fuel or current.

Since this uses no electric power and fuel, this is very

cheap and best.

This is a human powered machine runs on chain drives

mainly with human efforts. But if you wanted to operate this

machine by electric power this machine can also does that.

It has some special attachment so use both human power as

well as electric power.

The design is ideal for use in the developing world

because it doesn’t require electricity and can be built

using metal base, chain, pulley ,rubber belt, grinding

wheel, saw, bearing, foot pedal (for operated by human)

,electric motor, chain socket. S.G. bahaley Dr. Ague, Awate

S.V. saharkar designed and fabricated a pedal powered

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multipurpose machine. It is a human powered machine which is

developed for lifting the water to a height 10 meter and

generates 14 Volt, 4 ampere of electricity in most effective

way.

Power required for pedaling is well below the capacity

of an average healthy human being. The system is also useful

for the work out purpose because pedaling will act as a

health exercise and also doing a useful work. This study

aims to design and fabricate a pedal driven washing machine

to obtain a less effort uniform washing.

Types of Washing Machines

Basically washing machines are available in two main

configurations. The classification depends on the way the

clothes are introduced and the axis of rotation. The two

main configurations are top loaded and front-loaded.

Top Loaded

This design is more common in America, Canada and some

African states. Clothes are placed in a vertically mounted

basket which has perforations. This basket is contained

within a tub which retains water. At the center of the

clothes basket is a finned vertical axis agitator. Clothes

are loaded at the top of the machine through a hinged door.

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During washing the water in the tub has to fully immerse and

suspend the clothes in the inner basket. As the agitator

moves, water is pushed outwards between the fins towards the

edges.

The water then moves outward, up the sides of the

basket, towards the center, and then down towards the

agitator to repeat the process, in a circular pattern.

The agitator direction is reversed periodically as

continuous motion in one direction would lead to the water

spinning around the inner basket with the agitator rather

than the water being pumped in the torus-shaped motion.

Front Loaded

This type of design is more popular in Europe. The

front loaded design instead mounts the inner basket

horizontally.

The clothes are loaded through a glass door at the

front of the machine. The back-and-forth rotation of the

cylinder and gravity supplies the agitation. The paddles in

the drum lift up the clothes and then let them drop. This

motion loosens the weave of the fabric and thus forces water

and detergent solution through the clothes load. Clothes are

not required to be fully immersed into the water so only

enough water is needed to moisten the fabric. Since front

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loaders require less water, they use a lesser amount of

detergent and the repeated lifting and dropping action of

the folding action of whirling results in large amounts of

foam.
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Patent search report

Title:Pedal Powered washing machine

Filing Date:
Abstract

The bicycle-driven clothes washing machine includes a

bicycle frame, a drive mechanism, and a washing machine drum

assembly adjacent the bicycle frame. The drum assembly

includes an outer drum having at least a portion thereof at

least transparent or partially transparent, the outer drum

selectively filled with a washing liquid. An inner drum having

a plurality of perforations is rotatably positioned inside the

outer drum and mounted to the drive mechanism to be driven

thereby via pedal action, the inner drum holding contents to

be washed. Both the outer drum and the inner drum can be

provided with respective covers to secure contents within the

respective drums. An inlet line for introducing washing liquid

and an outlet line for draining are attached to the outer

drum. Each inlet and outlet line is provided with a valve

system selectively operable to supply washing liquid

for washing and draining the washing liquid

International Patent Classification

D06F37/30; D06F21/04 *
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Keywords: manual washing machine, Pedal washing machine

Database Search String Number

of Hits
www.google.com Pedal manual washing 63

machine
www.freepatentsonline.com Pedal washing machine 298
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Cat Citation of Documents

ego

ry
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Freepatents online
Application Number:
14/017171
Publication Date:
10/06/2015
Filing Date:
09/03/2013

claim
1. A bicycle-driven clothes washing machine,
comprising: a bicycle frame; a support member disposed
in association with the bicycle frame; a washing
machine drum assembly supported by the support member,
the washing machine drum assembly having an outer drum
at least a portion of which is transparent to visually
monitor a washing operation in the washing machine
drum assembly, the outer drum being selectively filled
a washing liquid, the outer drum having an inlet
opening and an outlet opening, and the washing machine
drum assembly including an inner drum rotatably
mounted inside the outer drum, the inner drum to hold
contents for the washing operation, the inner drum
having a plurality of perforations for ingress and
egress of the washing liquid and a drive shaft
extending axially from one end; wherein the inner drum
is constructed from a metal material, and the outer
drum is constructed from a transparent plastic
material; a drive mechanism to provide a motive force
to selectively rotate the inner drum, the drive
mechanism being operable by a physical effort of a
user to provide the motive force, the drive mechanism
being associated with the bicycle frame and having an
output mechanism communicatively connected to the
drive shaft to selectively supply the motive force to
selectively rotate the inner drum; an inlet line
operably attached to the inlet opening to supply the
washing liquid to the outer drum; and an outlet line
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operably attached to the outlet opening to drain the

washing liquid from the outer drum; wherein the outer
drum is constructed from a transparent plastic
material.
2. The bicycle-driven clothes washing machine
according to claim 1, further comprising a cover for
selectively covering an open end of said outer drum,
an O-ring communicating with the cover to seal the
open end when the cover is closed, and at least one
latching mechanism for securing said cover onto the
outer drum.
3. The bicycle-driven clothes washing machine
according to claim 2, further comprising a hinge
mounted to said cover and said outer drum to pivotally
attach said cover to said outer drum.
4. The bicycle-driven clothes washing machine
according to claim 2, further comprising a window
disposed on said cover, the window facilitating visual
access to the washing operation inside said outer
drum.

5. The bicycle-driven clothes washing machine

according to claim 1, further comprising a cover for

selectively covering an open end of said inner drum

and at least one latching mechanism for securing the

cover onto said inner drum.

* Special Categories of Cited Documents:

A document defining the general state of the art which is not considered to be of

Particular relevance

X document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered novel or

cannot be considered to involve an inventive step when the document is taken alone

Y document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered to

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involve an inventive step when the document is combined with one or more other such

documents, such combination being obvious to a person skilled in the art

Note: Further references not indicated in this search report may be cited during substantive examination.

3. CERTIFICATION
Signature of Authorized Officer