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Liquid Bio Fuels

Vesa Riihimäki, Vice President

Presented by Kristoffer Sandelin
Power Plant Technology

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Wärtsilä Fuel Versatility

High Viscosity HFO

Emulsified Fuels
Liquid Biofuels (LBF)
Crude Oil (CRO)
Natural Gas (NG)
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
Diesel Oil (LFO)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

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The LBF Portfolio

Plant ranges & Engine portfolio

W20 6, 9L

W32 6, 9L, 12, 16, 18, (20V)

W32DF (6L,12V) 18V

W46 6, 9L, 12, 16, 18

W50DF 6, (8, 9L) (12, 16) 18V

1 5 10 50 100 200 300

Plant size
= Biodiesel approved as pilot and back-up fuel
Bio oils not approved and to be checked case by case

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The Variety of Liquid Bio Fuels

ƒ Liquid Bio Fuels

ƒ

„ A great varation of bio fuels can

be found
„ Approved by Wärtsilä are:
„ Vegetable based bio fuels:
Palm oil, Palm stearin, Rape
seed oil, etc.
„ Transesterified bio oils
(biodiesel)

„ Animal based not approved

„ DME (Di-Methyl Ether) not
approved
„ Methanol & Ethanol not approved
„ Bio oil – alcohol mixes not
approved

„ Lower Heating value => Output

reduction

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Sources of Liquid Bio Fuels

ƒ Sources of vegetable oils (2003)

„ Palm oil (28.3M tons/year)
28.3 Mtons is „ Malaysia
enough (47%)continous
for 14000MW
„ Indonesia
power (37%)
generation
„ Soy Bean (31M tons)
„ USA
„ Sourth Europe
„ Rapeseed (12.3M tons)
„ North Europe
„ Sunflower (8.6M tons)
„ South Europe

ƒ Total Oils&Fat production

„ 2003: 123.5 million tonnes
„ Animal fats 23M tons
Source:Oil World, Hamburg

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Prices of Liquid Bio Fuels

1400
ƒ Price development
„ Palm oil price development
1200
has been positive over long
term trend 1000
SOYBEAN OIL ,U.S.
„ With HFO at 250 … 300 $/ton SOYBEAN OIL ,ROTT

and Palm oil at 400$/ton, the PALM OIL ,MALAYSIA 800

power generation market RAPESEED OIL ,ROTT

$/ton
requires subsidies to become PEANUT OIL ,U.S. 600

commercially attractive PEANUT OIL ,ROTT

„ CO2 trading and incentives in COCONUT OIL ,ROTT 400

CORN OIL ,U.S.
Italy, Holland and Germany
200
have created local markets
for LBF power plants
0

94

96

98

00

02

04
19

19

19

20

20

20
Source: United States Department of Agriculture

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Characteristics of vegetable oils

Palm Oil 22°C Palm Oil 60°C

ƒ Varying characteristics
„ Ash content
„ Clear oil & dark oils have
different level of ash
„ Influence on particulate
emissions
„ Viscosity is highly
temperature dependant
„ Too cold -> wax
„ Too hot -> polymerization
„ Phosphorus content
„ Lifetime of DeNOx &
OxiCat
„ Acid number
„ Influence on fuel oil system
wear & tear
Palm Stearin 22°C Palm Stearin 60°C

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Emissions and Liquid Bio Fuels

Refined Palm Olive

Emission Unit LFO HFO Palm Oil Stearin Olein

NOx ppm, dry 15 % O2 860 970 1050 960 930 SCR for NOx control
CO ppm, dry 15 % O2 40 40 30 40 40 Oxidation Catalyst for
THC (as CH 4) ppm, dry 15 % O2 170 80 30 20 15 CO and HC control
SO2 ppm, dry 15 % O2 118 463 <2 <2 <2
CO2 vol % 5.3 5.46 0.0 0.0 0.0
3
Particulates mg/Nm , dry 15% O2 <25 40-60 <10 <10 70

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Wärtsilä LBF experience

Val Senales

Unigra

Pentesilea
Monopoli

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MW in operation

ƒ MW development 200

„ The introduction of incentives 180

in Italy has created a fast 160

growing installed base of LBF
140
plants
„ Projected estimates suggest 120

that up to 500MW of LBF 100

plants could be in operation 80
by end of this decade
60

40

20

May-03

May-04

May-05

May-06

May-07
Jan-03

Sep-03
Jan-04

Sep-04
Jan-05

Sep-05
Jan-06

Sep-06
Jan-07
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LBF business models

ƒ Four models
„ Crudel Vegetable Oils
„ The primary model for using
LBF.
„ Bio diesel
„ Today very expensive, not
really feasible for power
generation
„ Waste oils from food industry
„ Karlburg plant model, but was
later changed to by products.
Problem: Emissions
„ Waste or fuel? Which EU
directives are to be used?
„ By-products
„ Main customers are companies
operating in Bio-oil refinery
business

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HFO to BIO Future proof concept?

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