AP Biology Chapter 9 Multiple Choice

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1. 1. What is the term for metabolic pathways that release b 6. 6. When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen Atom as c
stored energy by breaking down conplex molecules? a result of oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule
A. Anabolic pathways becomes
B. Catabolic pathways A. Dehydrogenated
C. Fermentation process B. Hydrogenated
D. Thermodynamic pathways C. Oxidized
E. Bio energetic pathways D. Reduced
E. An oxidizing agent
2. 2. The molecule that functions as the reducing agent b
(electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction 7. 7. When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine c
reaction dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen
A. Gains electron and gains energy ion) the molecule becomes
B. Loses electrons and loses energy A. Hydrogenated
C. Gains electrons and loses energy B. Oxidized
D. Loses electrons and gains energy C. Reduced
E. Neither gain nor loses electrons, but gains or loses D. Redoxed
energy E. A reducing agent
3. 3. When electrons move closer to a more e 8. 8. Which of the following statements describes NAD+? a
electronegative atom, what happens? A. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis
A. Energy is released and the citric acid cycle
B. Energy is consumed B. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH
C. The more electronegative atom is reduced C. NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases
D. The more electronegative atom is oxidized D. NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative
E. A and C are correct phosphorylation
E. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function
4. 4. Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by b
molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release 9. 9. Where does glycolysis take place? e
free energy? A. Mitochondrial matrix
A. The covalent bond in organic molecules are higher B. Mitochondrial outer membrane
energy bonds than those in water and carbon dioxide C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
B. Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a E. Cytosol
higher affinity for electrons (such as C)
10. 10. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by a
C. The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to
A. Substrate-level phosphorylation
make ATP
B. Electron transport
D. the electrons have a higher potential energy when
C. Photo phosphorylation
associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic
D. Chemiosmosis
compounds
E. Oxidation of NAD+ and NADH
E. The covalent bonds in O2 is unstable and easily
broken by electron from organic molecules 11. 11. The oxygen consumes during cellular respiration is b
involved directly in which process or event?
5. 5. Which of the following statements describes the a
A. Glycolysis
results of this reaction?
B. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron
C6H12O6+6O2-> 6CO2+6H2O+energy
transport chain
A. C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced
C. The citric acid cycle
B. O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced
D. The oxidation of pyruvate at acetyl CoA
C. CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized
E. The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
D. C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized
E. O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized 12. 12. Which process in eukaryote cells will proceed b
normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?
A. Electron transport
B. Glycolysis
C. The citric acid cycle
D. Oxidation phosphorylation
E. Chemiosmosis
13. 13. An electron loses potential energy when it b 18. 18. The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 c
A. Shifts to a less electronegative atom and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for
B. Shifts to a more electronegative atom the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mole. Why
C. Increases its kinetic energy are only two molecules of NADH formed during
D. Increases its activity as an oxidizing agent glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen
E. Attaches itself to NAH+ could be formed?
A. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation
14. 14. Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high d
of glucose is used in the production of ATP in
energy foods?
glycolysis.
A. They have a lot of oxygen atoms
B. Glycolysis is a very inefficient reaction, with much of
B. They have no nitrogen in their makeup
the energy of glucose released as heat
C. They have very long carbon skeletons
C. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation
D. They have a lot of electrons associated with
of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of
hydrogen
glycolysis
E. They are easily reduced
D. There is no CO2 or water produced as products of
15. 15. Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for e glycolysis
approximately what percentage of the ATP formed E. Glycolysis consists of many enzymatic reactions,
during glycolysis? each of which extracts some energy from the glucose
A. 0% molecule.
B. 2%
19. 19. Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" b
C. 10%
products of glycolysis would be
D. 38%
A. 2 NAD+, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O
E. 100%
B. 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O
16. 16. During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolizes to c C. 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 H2O
pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is D. 6CO2, 6H2O, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate
A. Transferred to ADP, forming ATP E. 6 CO2, 6H2O, 36 ATP, and 2 citrate
B. transferred directly to ATP
20. 20. In glycolysis, for each molecule for glucose b
C. retained in the pyruvate
oxidized to pyruvate
D. Stored in NADH produced
A. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 2 molecules of ATP
E. Used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose-6-
are produced
phosphate
B. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP
17. 17. In addition to ATP, what are the end products of c are produced
glycolysis? C. 4 molecules of ATP are used and 2 molecules of ATP
A. CO2 and H2O are produced
B. CO2 and pyruvate D. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 6 molecules of ATP
C. NADH and pyruvate are produced
D. CO2 and NADH E. 6 molecules of ATP are used and 6 molecules of ATP
E H2O,FADH, and citrate are produced
21. 21. A molecule that is phosphorylated d
A. Has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction
involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate
B. Has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely
to provide energy for cellular work
C. Has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction
involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate
D. Has an increased chemical reactivity: it is primed to
do cellular work
E. Has less energy than before its phosphorylation and
therefore less energy for cellular work
22. 22. What kind of metabolic poison would most directly c 26. 26. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon a
interfere with glycolysis? compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric
A. An agent that reacts with oxygen and depleted its acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a
concentration in the cell carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2. 2) is
B. An agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called
C. An agent that closely mimics the structure of acetate and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A
glucose but is not metabolized How does the pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?
D. An agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to A. Active transport
NAD+ B. Diffusion
E. An agent that blocks the passage of electrons along C. Facilitated diffusion
the electron transport chain D. Through a channel
E. Through a pore
23. 23. Why is glycolysis described as having an investment e
phase and a payoff phase? 27. 27. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon d
A. It both splits molecules and assembles molecules compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric
B. It attaches and detaches phosphate group acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a
C. It used glucose and generates pyruvate carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2. 2) is
D. It shifts molecules from cytosol to mitochondrion oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called
E. It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A.
ATP Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters
the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the
24. 24. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon d
removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of
compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric
pyruvate?
acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1.) loses a
A. Lactate
carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2. 2.) is
B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called
C. Oxaloacetate
acetate, and 3.) is bonded to coenzyme A.
D. Acetyl CoA
These three steps result in the formation of
E. Citrate
A. Acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP
B. Acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2 28. 28. During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates e
C. Acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2 in which location?
D. Acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2 A. Cytosol
E. Acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2 B. Mitochondrial outer membrane
C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
25. 25. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon c
D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric
E. Mitochondrial matrix
acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a
carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2 2) is 29. 29. How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid a
oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of
acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. pyruvate?
Why is coenzyme A, a sulfur containing molecule A. 2
derived from a B vitamin, added? B. 4
A. Because sulfur is needed for the molecule to enter C. 6
the mitochondrion D. 8
B. In order to utilize this portion of B vitamin which E. 10
would otherwise be a waste product from another
30. 35. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of b
pathway
the following stages of cellular respiration?
C. To provide a relatively unstable molecule whose
A. Glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl
acetyl portion can readily bond to oxaloacetate
CoA
D. Because it drives the reaction that regenerates
B. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric
NAD+
acid cycle
C. The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
D. Oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation
E. Fermentation and glycolysis
31. 36. For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized e 36. 41. Which of the following describes the sequence of d
by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total electron carriers in the ETC, starting with the least
number of NADH+, FADH2 molecules produced? electronegative?
A. 4 A. Ubiquinone(Q), cytochromes (Cyt ), FMN, Fe•S
B. 5 B. Cytochromes (Cyt ), FMN, ubiquinone, Fe•S
C. 6 C. Fe•S, FMN, cytochrome (Cyt ), ubiquinone
D. 10 D. FMN, Fe•S, ubiquinone, cytochrome(Cyt )
E. 12 E. Cytochrome, Fe•S, ubiquinone, FMN
32. 37. A young animal has never had much energy. He is a 37. 42. During aerobic respiration, which of the following e
brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the directly donates electrons to the electron transport
animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his chain at the lowest energy level?
mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids A. NAD+
for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than B. NADH
normal cod the following, which is the best explanation C. ATP
of his condition? D. ADP+P1
A. His mitochondria lack the transport protein that E. FADH2
moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial
38. 43. The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is b
membrane
to
B. His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into
A. Yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down
the mitochondria
the respiratory chain
C. His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen used
B. Act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen,
in his mitochondria
forming water
D. His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms
C. Combine with carbon, forming CO2
pyruvate
D. Combine with lactate, forming pyruvate
E. His cells have a defective electron transport chain,
E. Catalyze the reactions of glycolysis
so glucose goes to lactate instead of acetyl CoA.
39. 44. Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons e
33. 38. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical b
follow which pathway?
energy from which of the following?
A. Glycolysis, NADH, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP,
A. Substrate-level phosphorylation
oxygen
B. Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
B. Citric acid cycle, FADH2, ETC, ATP
C. Converting oxygen to ATP
C. ETC, CAC, ATP, oxygen
D. Transferring electrons from organic molecules to
D. Pyruvate, CAC, ATP, NADH, oxygen
pyruvate
E. CAC, NADH, ETC, oxygen
E. Generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the
electron transport chain 40. 45. During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O is formed. c
Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water
34. 39. During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill b
come from?
in which sequence?
A. Carbon dioxide
A. Food -> citric acid cycle-> ATP-> NAD+
B. Glucose
B. Food-> NADH-> ETC-> Oxygen
C. Molecular oxygen
C. Glucose-> pyruvate-> ATP-> oxygen
D. Pyruvate
D. Glucose-> ATP-> ETC-> NADH
E. Lactate
E. Food-> glycolysis-> citric acid cycle-> NADH-> ATP
41. 46. In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most d
35. 40. Where are the proteins of the electron transport c
direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+P1
chain located?
to ATP?
A. Cytosol
A. Energy released as electrons flow through the ETC
B. Mitochondrial outer membrane
B. energy released from substrate-level
C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
phosphorylation
D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
C. Energy released from ATP synthase pumping
E. Mitochondrial matrix
hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix
D. Energy released from movement of protons through
ATP synthase
E. No external source of energy is required because
the reaction is exergonic
42. 47. Energy released by the electron transport chain is d 48. 53. Which of the following produces the most ATP from e
used to pump H+ ions into which location? glucose is completely oxidize to carbon dioxide and
A. Cytosol water?
B. Mitochondrial outer membrane A. Glycolysis
C. Mitochondrial inner membrane B. Fermentation
D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space C. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
E. Mitochondrial matrix D citric acid cycle
E. Oxidative phosphorylation
43. 48. The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis d
during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is 49. 54. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are e
A. Oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water produced from the complete oxidation of two
B. The thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons molecules of glucose in cellular respiration?
from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport A. 2
carriers B. 4
C. The final transfer of electrons to oxygen C. 15
D. The difference in H+ concentrations on opposite D. 38
sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane E. 76
E. The thermodynamically favorable of phosphate from
50. 55. Assume a mitochondrion contains 58 NADH and 19 d
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate
is FADH2. If each of the 77 dinucleotides were used,
molecules of ADP
approximately how many ATP molecules could be
44. 49. When hydrogen ions are pumped from the d generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation?
mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and A. 36
into the intermembrane space, the result is the B. 77
A. Formation of ATP C. 173
B. REDUCTION OF NAD+ D. 212
C. Restoration of the Na+/K+ balance across the E. 1102
membrane
51. 56. Approximately what percentage of the energy of e
D. Creation of protein gradient
glucose is transferred to storage in ATP as a result of
E. Lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix
the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide
45. 50. Where is ATP synthase in the mitochondrial? d and water in cellular respiration?
A. Cytosol A. 2%
B. Electron transport chain B. 4%
C. Outer membrane C. 10%
D. Inner membrane D. 25%
E. Mitochondrial matrix E. 40%
46. 51. It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of b 52. 57. Recall that the complete oxidation of a mole of c
the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. glucose releases 686 kcal of energy. The
Which one of the following processes could still be phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores
carried on by this isolated inner membrane? approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the
A. The citric acid cycle approximate efficiency if cellular respiration for the
B. Oxidative phosphorylation mutant organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP
C. Glycolysis and fermentation for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the
D. Reduction of NAD+ usual 36 to 38 mold of ATP?
E. Both the citric acid cycle and oxidative A. 0.4%
phosphorylation B. 25%
C. 30%
47. 52. Each time a molecule of glucose is completely c
D. 40%
oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen
E. 60%
molecules are required?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 6
D. 12
E. 38
53. 58. What is proton-motive force? b 57. 62. Exposing inner mitochondrial membrane's to e
A. The force required to remove an electron from ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes.
hydrogen However, the fragments will reseal inside out. These
B. The transmembrane proton concentration gradient little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons
C. Movement of hydrogen into the intermembrane from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the
space membranes are agitated still further however, the
D. Movement of hydrogen into the mitochondrion ability to synthesize ATP is lost.
E. The addition of hydrogen to NAD+ It should be possible to reconstitute the abilities of the
vesicles if which of the following is added?
54. 59. In liver cells, the inter-mitochondrial membrane's c
A. Cytochrome
are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial
B. Extra NADH
membrane, about 17 times that of the cells plasma
C. a second membrane surface
membrane. What purpose must this serve?
D. More electrons
A. It allows for increased rate of glycolysis
E. Intact ATP synthase
B. It allows for increased rate of citric acid cycle
C. It increased the surface for oxidative 58. 67. Which of the following couples chemiosmosis to e
phosphorylation energy storage?
D. It increases the surface for substrate-level A. NADH
phosphorylation B. FADH2
E. It allows the liver cell to have fewer mitochondria C. cytochrome
D. Electron transport
55. 60. Exposing inner mitochondrial membrane's to a
E. ATP synthase
ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes.
However, the fragments will reseal inside out. These 59. 68. Which of the following describes ubiquinone? b
little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons A. A protein in the electron transport chain
from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the B. A small hydrophobic coenzyme
membranes are agitated still further however, the C. A substrate for synthesis of FADH
ability to synthesize ATP is lost. D. A vitamin needed for efficient glycolysis
After the first disruption, when electron transfer and E. An essential amino acid
ATP synthesis occurs, what must be present?
60. 69. Which of the following normally occur whether or a
A. All of the electron transport proteins as well as ATP
not oxygen is present?
Synthase
A. Glycolysis
B. All of the electron transport system and the ability
B. Fermentation
to add CoA to acetyl groups
C. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
C. The ATP synthase system is sufficient
D. Citric acid cycle
D. The electron transport system is sufficient
E. Oxidative phosphorylation
E. Plasma membrane like those bacteria use for
respiration 61. 70. Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a a
eukaryote cell?
56. 61. Exposing inner mitochondrial membrane's to d
A. Glycolysis and fermentation
ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes.
B. Fermentation and chemiosmosis
However, the fragments will reseal inside out. These
C. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons
D. Citric acid cycle
from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the
E. Oxidative phosphorylation
membranes are agitated still further however, the
ability to synthesize ATP is lost. 62. 71. Which metabolic pathway is common to both d
After the second agitation of the membrane vesicles, cellular respiration and fermentation?
what must be lost from the membrane? A. The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
A. The ability of NADH to transfer electrons to the first B. The citric acid cycle
acceptor in the electron transport chain C. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. The prosthetic groups like heme from the transport D. Glycolysis
system E. Chemiosmosis
C. Cytochrome
D. ATP synthase, in whole or in part
E. The contact required between inner and outer
membrane surfaces
63. 72. The ATP made during fermentation is generated by b 68. 77. Glycolysis is thought to be one of the most ancient a
which of the following? of metabolic processes. Which statement supports this
A. The electron transport chain idea?
B. Substrate-level phosphorylation A. Glycolysis is the most widespread metabolic
C. Chemiosmosis pathway
D. Oxidative phosphorylation B. Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2
E. Aerobic respiration C. Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells
D. The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol
64. 73. In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain a
rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle
energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
E. Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most primitive of cells,
A. ATP, CO2, and ethanol
made extensive use of glycolysis long before oxygen
B. ATP, CO2, and lactate
was present in earths atmosphere
C. ATP, NADH, and pyruvate
D. ATP, pyruvate and oxygen 69. 78. Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first b
E. ATP, pyruvate and acetyl CoA metabolic pathways to have evolved?
A. It produces much less ATP than does oxidative
65. 74. In alcohol fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated from a
phosphorylation
NADH during which of the following?
B. It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen,
A. Reduction of acetyldehyde to ethanol
and is present in most organisms
B. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
C. It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic
C. Reduction of pyruvate to form lactate
cells
D. Oxidation of NAD+ in the citric acid cycle
D. It relies on chemiosmosis which is a metabolic
E. Phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
mechanism present only in the first cells-prokaryotic
66. 75. One function of both alcohol fermentation and c cells
lactic acid fermentation is to E. It's requires the presence of membrane-enclosed
A. Reduce NAD+ to NADH cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells
B. reduce FAD+ to FADH2
70. 79. Muscle cells, when an individual is exercising heavily c
C. Oxidize NADH to NAD+
and when the muscle becomes oxygen deprived,
D. Reduce FADH2 to FAD+
convert pyruvate to lactate. What happens to the
E. None of the above
lactate in skeletal muscle cells?
67. 76. An organism is discovered that consumes a e A. It is converted to NAD+
considerable amount of sugar, yet it does not gain B. It produced CO2 and water
much weight when denied air. Curiously, the C. It is taken to the liver and converted back to
consumption of sugar increases as the air is removed pyruvate
from the organisms environment, but the organism D. It reduces FADH2 to FAD+
seems to thrive even in the absence of air. When return E. It is converted to alcohol
a normal air, the organism does fine. Which of the
71. 80. When muscle cells are oxygen deprived, the heart b
following best describes
still pumps. What must the heart cells be able to do?
an organism?
A. Derive sufficient energy from fermentation
A. It must use a molecule other than oxygen to accept
B. Continue aerobic metabolism when skeletal muscle
electrons from the electron transport chain
cannot
B. It is a normal eukaryotic organism
C. Transform lactate to pyruvate again
C. The organism obviously lacks the citric acid cycle
D. Remove lactate from the blood
and electron transport chain
E. Remove oxygen from lactate
D. It is an anaerobic organism
E. It is a facultative anaerobic 72. 81. When muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, b
they become fatigued and painful. This is now known to
be caused by
A. Buildup of pyruvate
B. Buildup of lactate
C. Increase in sodium ions
D. Increase in potassium ions
E. Increase in ethanol
73. 82. You have a friend who lost 7kg of fat on a low carb a 77. 87. What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration? e
diet. How did the fat leave her body? A. Oxidation of glucose
A. It was released as CO2 and H2O B. Oxidation of pyruvate
B. Chemical energy was converted to hear and then C. Feedback regulation
released D. Control of ATP accumulation
C. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than E. Breakdown of fatty acids
fat
78. 90. The immediate energy source that drives ATP d
D. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated
Synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative
from the body
phosphorylation is
E. It we converted to urine and eliminated from the
A. The oxidation of glucose and other organic
body
compounds
74. 83. Phosphofrutokinase is an important control enzyme e B. The flow of electrons down the electron transport
in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the chain
following statements describes a function of C. The affinity of oxygen for electrons
phosphofrutokinase? D. The H+ concentration gradient across the inner
A. It is activated by AMP mitochondrial membrane
B. It is activated by ATP E. The transfer of phosphate to ADP
C. It is inhibited by citrate, an intermediate of the citric
79. 91. Which metabolic pathway is common in both c
acid cycle
fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose
D. It catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate,
molecule?
an early step of glycolysis
A. The citric acid cycle
E. It is an allosterically enzyme
B. The electron transport chain
75. 84. Phosphofrutokinase is an allosterically enzyme that a C. Glycolysis
catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to D. Synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate
fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate, an early step of glycolysis. E. Reduction of pyruvate to lactate
In the presence of oxygen, an increase in the amount
80. 92. In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions c
ATP in a cell would be expected to
A. Are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP
A. Inhibit the enzyme and thus slow the rates of
synthesis
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
B. Are directly coupled to substrate-level
B. Activate the enzyme and thus slow the rates of
phosphorylation
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
C. Provide the energy that establishes the proton
C. Inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rates of
gradient
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
D. Reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide
D. Activate the enzyme and increase the rates of
E. Are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
endergonic processes
E. Inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rate of
glycolysis and the concentration of citrate 81. 93. The final electron acceptor of the electron a
transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative
76. 85. Even though plants carry on photosynthesis, plant d
phosphorylation is
cells still use their mitochondria for oxidation of
A. Oxygen
pyruvate. When and where will this occur?
B. Water
A. In the photosynthesis cells in the light, while
C. NAD+
photosynthesis occurs concurrently
D. Pyruvate
B. In non-photosynthesizing cells only
E. ADP
C. In cells that are storing glucose only
D. In photosynthesizing cells in dark periods and in 82. 94. When electrons flow along the electron transport a
other tissues all the time chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes
E. In photosynthesizing cells in the light and in other occur?
tissues in the dark A. The pH of the matrix increases
B. ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport
C. The electrons gain free energy
D. The cytochromes phosphorylated ADP to form ATP
E. NAD+ is oxidized
83. 95. Cells do not catalyze carbon dioxide because d 89. The parts of the figure labeled with Roman numerals e
A. It's double bonds are too stable to be broken symbolize what concept?
B. CO2 has fewer binding electrons than other organic A. Different inner mitochondrial membrane
compounds B. Different mitochondrial functioning together
C. CO2 is already completely reduced C. Molecules with different attached metal ions
D. CO2 is already completely oxidized D. Carbohydrates framework holding the molecules in
E. The molecule has too few atoms place
E. Multimedia groups of proteins in 4 conpexes
84. 96. Which of the following is a true distinction between b
fermentation and cellular respiration? 90. Starting with citrate, which of the following d
A. Only respiration oxidized Glucose combinations of products would result from three turns
B. NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain in of the citric acid cycle?
respiration only A. 1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
C. Fermentation, but not respiration, is an example of a B. 2 ATP, 2 CO2, 1 NADH, and 3 FADH2
catabolic pathway C. 3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2
D. Substrate-level phosphorylation is unique to D. 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2
fermentation E. 38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2
E. NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent only in
91. Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending a
respiration
with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP
85. The accompanying figure shows the electron transport d molecules that could be made through substrate-level
chain. Which of the following is the combination of phosphorylation l?
substances that is initially added to the chain. A. 1
A. Oxygen, CO2, and water B. 2
B. NAD+, FAD, and electrons C. 11
C. NADH, FADH2, and protons D. 12
D. NADH, FADH2, and electrons E. 24
E. Oxygen and electrons
92. What happens at the end of the chain? c
86. Carbon skeletons for amino acids biosynthesis are d A. The 2 original electrons combine with NAD+
supplied by intermediates of the citric acid cycle. B. The 2 original electrons combine with oxygen
Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton C. 4 electrons combine with oxygen and protons
for synthesis of a five-carbon amino acid? D. 4 electrons combine with hydrogen and oxygen
A. Succinate atoms
B. Malate E. 1 electron combined with oxygen and hydrogen
C. Citrate
93. Which of the following most accurately describes what b
D. A-ketoglutarate
is happening along this chain?
E. Isocitrate
A. Chemiosmosis is coupled with electron transfer
87. How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would b B. Each electron carrier alternates between being
be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle? reduced and being oxidized
A. 2 C. ATP is generated at each step
B. 5 D. Energy of the electrons increases at each step
C. 10 E. Molecules in the chain give up some of their
D. 12 potential energy
E. 60
88. How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced c
with four turns of the citric acid cycle?
A. 1 FADH2 and 4 NADH
B. 2FADH2 and 8 NADH
C. 4FADH2 and 12 NADH
D. 1 FAD AND 4 NAD+
E. 4 FAD+ and 12 NAD+