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Environmental Disasters

Course title: Environmental project &management Course code: ES-206 Submitted to: Dr.Mateen Shafqat Submitted by: Nida Batool Semester: 4th Department: physics Roll No: 0031-BS-PHY-2019 Registration No: 19-UON-0588 The document discusses several major environmental disasters caused by human activity between 1958-2010, including oil spills in Nigeria and the Gulf of Mexico, toxic waste dumping in Romania and Ivory Coast, and pollution from mining and chemical plant accidents that sickened thousands and damaged local ecosystems.

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Muhammad wajid Tariq
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48 views2 pages

Environmental Disasters

Course title: Environmental project &management Course code: ES-206 Submitted to: Dr.Mateen Shafqat Submitted by: Nida Batool Semester: 4th Department: physics Roll No: 0031-BS-PHY-2019 Registration No: 19-UON-0588 The document discusses several major environmental disasters caused by human activity between 1958-2010, including oil spills in Nigeria and the Gulf of Mexico, toxic waste dumping in Romania and Ivory Coast, and pollution from mining and chemical plant accidents that sickened thousands and damaged local ecosystems.

Uploaded by

Muhammad wajid Tariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course title: Environmental project &management

Course code: ES-206


Submitted to: Dr.Mateen Shafqat
Submitted by: Nida Batool
Semester: 4th
Department: physics
Roll No: 0031-BS-PHY-2019
Registration No: 19-UON-0588

Question No#1
Answer:

Environmental disasters
An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is a catastrophic event regarding the environment due to human
activity. This distinguishes it from the concept of a natural disaster. It is also distinct from intentional

Niger Delta Oil Pollution (1958)


An estimated nine to thirteen million barrels of oil are spilled in the Niger Delta over fifty years since
commercial oil production begins there in 1958, mainly from oil operations jointly owned by Shell and the
Nigerian government, making the delta one of the most polluted areas in the world

Ecuador’s Amazon Degradation (1964- 1990)


More than four hundred million barrels of toxic oil waste are released into watersheds from oil operations in the
Amazon Rainforest over nearly thirty years, which the indigenous community contends causes widespread
health problems.

Peru’s Amazon Degradation (1971-1996)


An estimated nine billion barrels of oil wastewater is released into Amazonian watersheds, which members of
Peru’s indigenous Achuar community say has caused unexplained diseases, tumors, skin ailments, and
miscarriages from oil exposure

Papua New Guinea’s Panguna Mine War (1972-1989)


The residents of Bougainville Island allege large-scale environmental destruction from global mining
conglomerate Rio Tinto’s Panguna copper mine, one of the world’s largest open-pit mines. After the mine is
opened in 1972, about one billion tons of mining waste containing sulfur, arsenic, copper, zinc, cadmium, and
mercury is dumped into the local river system, rendering a forty-mile portion of the system biologically dead,
according to environmental activists.

Italy’s Seveso Dioxin Cloud (1976)


A dioxin cloud from an accident at a chemical plant near Seveso, Italy, sickens at least two thousand people and
causes eighty thousand animals to be slaughtered to keep the poison from entering the food chain

France's Amoco Cadiz Tanker Spill (1978)


An Amoco tanker spills an estimated two million barrels of oil off the coast of France, polluting approximately
two hundred miles of coastline and harming wildlife. The disaster occurs just one month after a meeting of the
signatories of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) that was aimed
at expanding safety requirements for tankers to reduce the likelihood of pollution

India’s Bhopal Cyanide Gas Leak (1984)


The leak of methyl isocyanate gas from a chemical plant operated by U.S. company Union Carbide in Bhopal,
India, kills at least four thousand people, sickens an estimated half million people, and leaves survivors with
numerous health ailments, including blindness, chronic respiratory trouble, and birth defects

Romania’s Cyanide Spill (2000)


The Baia Mare gold mine in Romania spills more than thirty-four million gallons of cyanide into the Lupes,
Somes, Tisza, and Danube Rivers. The spill decimates aquatic and plant life for dozens of miles, affecting local
fishing industries and impeding access to drinking water for residents of Serbia, Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria for several months

Ivory Coast’s Toxic Waste Dumping (2006)


Dutch oil trader Trafigura transports four hundred tons of toxic waste consisting of caustic soda and petroleum
residue from Amsterdam to Abidjan, dumping it into the Ivorian city’s waste system. The deaths of seventeen
people and illnesses of as many as one hundred thousand people are linked to the waste dumping

Deepwater Oil Spill (2010)


An explosion on a BP oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico, which was drilling in underwater depths of more than one
mile, kills eleven people and causes the largest oil spill in U.S. history, estimated at nearly five million barrels.
U.S. officials struggle to contain the spill, which lasts nearly three months, and the disaster causes an estimated
$17.2 billion in damage to beaches, wildlife, fisheries, and tourism

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