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HANDOUT - Properties of Whole Numbers

This document discusses properties of whole numbers including even and odd numbers, factors and multiples, prime and composite numbers, and divisibility rules. It provides definitions and examples of these terms and explains properties and relationships between different types of numbers. Divisibility rules are given for numbers being divisible by 2 through 11. Methods for prime factorization using division and factor trees are also outlined.

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Suhana Singh
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217 views

HANDOUT - Properties of Whole Numbers

This document discusses properties of whole numbers including even and odd numbers, factors and multiples, prime and composite numbers, and divisibility rules. It provides definitions and examples of these terms and explains properties and relationships between different types of numbers. Divisibility rules are given for numbers being divisible by 2 through 11. Methods for prime factorization using division and factor trees are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Suhana Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROPERTIES OF WHOLE NUMBERS

CLASS V
EVEN & ODD NUMBERS
 Numbers that can be divided by 2 completely , leaving no remainder are called
Even numbers.
These numbers have 0 , 2, 4 , 6 or 8 at their ones place .
e.g. I276 , 390 , 45572 , 60194 , 53178

 Numbers that cannot be divided by 2 completely are called Odd numbers .


1 is left as the remainder when odd numbers are divided by 2.
These numbers have 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 or 9 at their ones place .
e.g. 4025 , 54137 , 8881 , 24863 , 3579
Even number + Even number = Even number Eg. 6 + 8 = 14
Odd number + Odd number = Even number Eg. 5 + 7 = 12
Even number + Odd number = Odd number Eg. 4 + 9 = 13
Even number − Even number = Even number Eg. 12 − 8 = 4
Odd number − Odd number = Even number Eg. 15 − 7 = 8
Even number − Odd number = Odd number Eg. 14 − 9 = 5
Odd number − Even number = Odd number Eg. 11 − 4 = 7
Even number x Even number = Even number Eg. 4 x 6 = 24
Odd number x Odd number = Odd number Eg. 5 x 7 = 35
Even number x Odd number = Even number Eg. 4 x 9 = 36

FACTORS
Numbers that can divide a number completely are called factors of that number .
e.g. Factors of 48 ( We will find which two numbers on multiplying will give 48 .
That would mean 48 can be divided by those two numbers completely)
1 x 48 = 48 ( 48 can be divided by 1 and 48 )
2 x 24= 48 ( 48 can be divided by 2and 24)
3 x 16= 48 ( 48 can be divided by 3 and 16 )
4 x 12= 48 ( 48 can be divided by 4 and 12 )
6 x 8 = 48 ( 48 can be divided by 6 and 8 )
So, factors of 48 are 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 24 and 48 .
PROPERTIES
• 1 is a factor of every number.
• Every non zero number is a factor of itself.
• The greatest factor of a number is the number itself.
• The smallest factor of a number is 1.
• Every number ( except 1) has at least 2 factors.
e.g. Factors of 13 are 1 and 13
• 1 is the only number which has only 1 factor.
• A factor of a number is either less than or equal to the number.
e.g. Factors of 21 are 1, 3 , 7 and 21
 A number has limited factors .
MULTIPLES
The multiples of a number are obtained by multiplying the number by
each of the natural numbers.
e.g. first multiple of 15 is 15 x 1 = 15
second multiple of 15 is 15 x 2 = 15
third multiple of 15 is 15 x 3 = 15
fourth multiple of 15 is 15 x 4 = 15
fifth multiple of 15 is 15 x 5 = 15
PROPERTIES
 Every number is a multiple of 1.
 Every number is a multiple of itself.
 Every multiple is greater than or equal to the number.
 The smallest multiple of a number is the number itself.
 The multiple of even numbers are always even numbers.
 The multiples of odd numbers are alternately odd and even numbers.
 A number can have infinite multiples .
PRIME NUMBERS
Numbers that have only two factors, 1 and the number itself are called prime numbers .
e.g. 7 is a prime number as it has only two factors 1 and 7
23 is a prime number as it has only two factors 1 and 23
61 is a prime number as it has only two factors 1 and 61
COMPOSITE NUMBERS
Numbers that have more than two factors are called Composite numbers .
e.g. 9 is a Composite number as it has more than two factors – 1 , 3 and 9 .
32 is a Composite number as it has more than two factors – 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 and 32 .
 The smallest prime number is 2 .
 The only even prime number is 2 .
 The smallest composite number is 4 .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

 1 HAS ONLY ONE FACTOR i.e. 1 . IT IS CALLED A UNIQUE NUMBER


 Prime numbers between 1 and 100( 25 prime numbers) –
2 , 3 , 5 ,7, 11 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 23 , 29 , 31 , 37, 41 , 43 , 47 , 53 , 59 , 61 , 67 , 71 ,
73 , 79 , 83 , 89 and 97 .
DIVISIBILITY RULES
If a number is completely divisible by another number, that is , remainder is 0 , the first
number is said to be divisible by the other number.

Rules used for checking whether a number is divisible by a given number or not without
using long division are called DIVISIBILITY RULES

DIVISIBILITY BY 2 : All even numbers ( numbers with 0 , 2, 4 , 6 or 8 at their ones place)


are divisible by 2
e.g. 564 ; 29,998 ; 2,00,546 ; 11,19,730 ; 31,582

DIVISIBILITY BY 3 : If the sum of the digits of a number id divisible by 3 , the number is


divisible by 3 .
e.g. 3,54,792 3 + 5 + 4 +7 + 9 + 2 = 30
As the sum of the digits is divisible by 3 , 3,54,792 is divisible by 3 .

DIVISIBILITY BY 4 : If the digits at the Tens and the Ones places of a number is divisible
by 4 , or if both these places have 0 , the number is divisible by 4 .
e.g. 5136 36 ÷ 4 = 9
As the digits at the Tens and the Ones places are divisible by 4 , 5136
is divisible by 4 .
25,900
As the number has 0 at both Tens and Ones places , it is divisible by 4.

DIVISIBILITY BY 5 : Numbers with 0 or 5 at their ones place are divisible by 5 .


e.g. 32,460 ; 4,00,695

DIVISIBILITY BY 6 : If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3 , it is divisible by 6 .


e.g. 40,578
40,578 is divisible by 2 as it is an even number .
4 + 0 + 5 + 7 + 8 = 24 (24 ÷ 3 = 8 )
40,578 is divisible by 3 as the sum of its digits is divisible by 3 .
As 40,578 is divisible by both 2 and 3 , it is divisible by 6 .

DIVISIBILITY BY 8 : If the digits at the Hundreds , Tens and Ones places are divisible by 8 ,
or if these places have a 0 each , the number is divisible by 8 .
e.g. 35,256

79,000
As the number has 0 at Hundreds , Tens and Ones places , it is
divisible by 8 .

DIVISIBILITY BY 9 : If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 9 , the number is


divisible by 9 .
e.g. 7,16,004 7 + 1 + 6 + 0 + 0 + 4 = 18
7,16,004 is divisible by 9 as the sum of the digits (18) is divisible by 9.
DIVISIBILITY BY 10 : If the Ones place of a number has 0 , it is divisible by 10 .
e.g. 23,570 4,68,900

DIVISIBILITY BY 11 : If the difference of the sum of the alternate digits is 0 or a multiple


of 11 , the number is divisible by 11 .
e.g. 7546
7 + 4 = 11 5 + 6 = 11 11 – 11 = 0

7546 is divisible by 11 as the difference of the sum of the alternate


digits is 0 .

60,852
6 + 8 + 2 = 16 0+5=5 16 – 5 = 11

60,852 is divisible by 11 as the difference of the sum of the


alternate digits is 11 .

PRIME FACTORIZATION

METHOD 1 : DIVISION METHOD


METHOD 2 : FACTOR TREE METHOD

DIVISION METHOD

e.g. 72 2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1 72 = 2 X 2 X 2 X 3 X 3

FACTOR TREE METHOD

e.g. 84 84

7 12

2 6

2 3 84 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 7

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