1.

Automatic Cues or Fixed Action Responses - these are responses that are usually found
or used among animals when you instruct them to do something. For example, in an
animal show, animal trainers use a whistle to elicit a specific response from an animal.

2. Antisocial Personality Disorder - is characterized by a long-standing pattern of a

disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights. It
usually begins in childhood or as a teen and continues into their adult lives.

3. Anxiety - a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain

outcome.

4. Apathy - lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

5. Avoidant Personality Disorder - experience long-standing feelings of inadequacy and are

extremely sensitive to what others think about them. These feelings of inadequacy leads
to the person to be socially inhibited and feel socially inept. Because of these feelings of
inadequacy and inhibition, the person with avoidant personality disorder will seek to
avoid work, school and any activities that involve socializing or interacting with others.

6. Borderline Personality Disorder - (BPD) is a pervasive pattern of instability in

interpersonal relationships, self-image and emotion.People with borderline personality
disorder are also usually very impulsive, oftentimes demonstrating self-injurious
behaviors (risky sexual behaviors, cutting, suicide attempts).

7. Compulsion - A sudden and irresistible force compelling a person to do some action.

8. Counter-Surveillance - any method either physical or technical employed by the

offender(s) to detect Law Enforcement involvement or the use of surveillance.

9. Courier - the person(s) delivering the concessions(s), which, purports to be, that being
demanded by the offenders.

10. Criminal Behavior - is intentional behavior that violates a criminal code; intentional in that
it did not occurs accidentally or under duress.

11. Criminal Psychiatry - a branch of psychiatry that deals with the evaluations, prevention
and cure of criminal behavior.

12. Criminal Psychology - a branch of psychology that deals with the study of behavior and
mental processes of the criminal.
13. Criminal Siege - is a result of a perpetration of crime that went wrong and the criminals
were trapped or cornered by law enforcers. In many cases, hostage taking is violent and
unplanned.

14. Criminal Sociology - a branch of sociology that studies about the criminal and to its
relation to the social structure of organization of society as well the process on how the
criminal learn the behavi, or both criminal and non-criminal.

15. Crisis - Any situation that is threatening or could threaten to harm people or property,
seriously interrupt operations, damage reputation and/or negatively impact the bottom
line.

16. Crisis Intervention - focuses on studying an individual’s life in order to defuse the
destructive effects of the unusual stress beingexperienced, and then assisting the
individual in crisis to go back to his or her normal condition before the crisis.

17. Crisis Management - is the expert handling of a situation to reduce or eliminate danger
or destruction.

18. Crisis Negotiation - the use of communication techniques and strategies to influence a
person to change his/her behavior in accordance with goals within legal, ethical and
moral constraints.

19. Primary Negotiator - actually communicates with the subject.

20. Secondary Negotiator - (Backup) assists the primary negotiator by offering advice,
monitoring the negotiations, keeping notes, and ensuring that the Primary Negotiator
sees and hears everything in the proper perspective.

21. Intelligence Liaison/Recorder - interviews individuals associated with the suspect to

compile a criminal history and a history of mental illness, as well as to gather other
relevant information. He is also in charge of the recordings of all conversations.

22. Negotiation Team Leader - the most senior member of the team act as a leader. His
primary responsibility is to act as a buffer between command personnel and the
Negotiation Team. He/She advises the Incident/On-Scene Commander on the best
negotiating strategies and co-ordinates the process with the SWAT and the forward
command resources.

23. Board Negotiator - he/she maintains a visual display of all information relevant to the
negotiations, i.e. deadlines, demands and details of persons known to be in the
stronghold.

24. Deadlock - means no deal and no agreement—in other words, failure of the negotiation.
25. Delusion - is a belief held with strong conviction despite superi orevidence to the
contrary.

26. Dependent Personality Disorder - is characterized by a long-standing need for the

person to be taken care of and a fear of being abandoned or separated from important
individuals in his or her life. This leads the person to engage in dependent and
submissive behaviors that are designed to elicit care-giving behaviors in others. The
dependent behavior may be see as being “clingy” or “clinging on” to others, because the
person fears they can’t live their lives without the help of others.

27. Depressive and Suicidal - is an individual who has no contact with reality.

28. Deviant Behavior - a behavior that deviates from the norms and standards of the society.
It is not criminal behavior but it has the tendency to become abnormal behavior, it will
become criminal when it violates the provision of the criminal law.

29. Emphaty - is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. It is where the
negotiator tries to perceive the emotional state or condition of the subject and feedback
a response that demonstrates his/her understanding of the subject.

30. Hematophobia - an abnormal and persistent fear of blood.

31. Histrionic Personality Disorder - is characterized by a long-standing

pattern of attention seeking behavior and extreme emotionality.
Someone with histrionic personality disorder wants to be the center of attention in any
group of people, and feel uncomfortable when they are not. While often lively, interesting
and sometimes dramatic, they have difficulty when people aren’t focused exclusively on
them.

32. Hostage - an individual who has been held by the perpetrators against his/her will.

33. Hostage-taker(s) - an individual or group of person who hold another

person(s) against his/her/their will as bargaining chips for purposes
of demanding certain amount of money, self-protection, thwarting any police action, or
pursuing personal interest or that of the general public.

34. Hostage Taking - is a situation that set of circumstances wherein a suspected law
violator is holding a person in captive by the use of force or threat of violence.

35. Hot Debrief - short debriefing conducted by negotiating team prior to turn over to another
set of negotiating team.
36. Human Behavior - is refers to the manner, the way in which a human react to his
environment.

37. Illusion - is a distortion of the senses, revealing how the brain

normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Though
illusions distort reality, they are generally shared by most people.

38. Impulsion - a strong urge to do something.

39. Incident/On-Scene Commander - the senior officer in command of the incident.

40. Inside Agent - a person who is in any advantageous position (e.g. employed by the
victim or victim’s organization) which allows them to gather intelligence or carry out
counter surveillance on behalf of the offenders.

41. Intermediary - any person authorized by the Incident/On-Scene Commander to

communicate with the hostage-takers either upon the request of the latter or to facilitate
smooth communication between the designated negotiators and the hostage-takers. All
actions of the intermediary are supervised by the negotiators.

42. Kidnapper(s) - an individual or group of persons who kidnapped or held another person
against his/her will as bargaining chips for purposes of demanding certain amount of
money, self-protection, thwarting any police action, or pursuing personal interest.

43. Learned - an operant behavior which involves cognitive adaptation that enhances the
human being’s ability to cope with changes in the environment and to manipulate the
environment.

44. Narcissistic Personality Disorder - is characterized by a long-standing

pattern of grandiosity (either in fantasy or actual behavior), an
overwhelming need for admiration, and usually a complete lack of empathy toward
others. People with this disorder often believe they are of primary importance in
everybody’s life or to anyone they meet.

45. Negotiation - to communicate on a matter of disagreement between two parties, with a

view to first listen to the other party’s perspective and then attempt to arrive at a
resolution agreed by consensus.

46. Negotiator - a trained PNP personnel or any person authorized by the Incident/On-
Scene Commander to negotiate for and in behalf of the police.

47. Neighborhood Check – the process of getting information from a person who knew the
victim particularly in the neighborhood with the purpose of obtaining material information
about the victim and probable suspect.
48. Obsession - an idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's
mind.

49. Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder - (OCD) is an anxiety disorder

characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or
worry (obsessions), repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety
(compulsions), or a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Symptoms of the
disorder include excessive washing or cleaning, repeated checking, extreme hoarding,
preoccupation with sexual, violent or religious thoughts, relationship-related obsessions,
aversion to particular numbers and nervous rituals such as opening and closing a door a
certain number of times before entering or leaving a room.

50. Paranoid - is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-

standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.

51. Paranoid Personality Disorder - are generally characterized by having

a long-standing pattern of pervasive distrust and auspiciousness of others. A person
with paranoid personality disorder will nearly always believe that other people’s motives
are suspect or even malevolent. Individuals with this disorder assume that other people
will exploit, harm, or deceive them, even if no evidence exists to support this
expectation.

52. Pay-off – the act of exchanging an agreed amount between the family and the
kidnappers at a designated time and place for the safe release of the victim.

53. Personality Disorder - is not a mental disorder. Individuals with personality disorders can
function in the world to a high level, e.g. look after themselves, business, finance, etc.
However, they fail t ofunction normally in terms of their relationship with other
people.They have dramatic/aggressive clusters of behavior.

54. Prediction - determination of what incident is going to occur and when it is going to
occur, is the key to minimizing the effects of the incident.

55. Phobia - is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses
little real danger but provokes anxiety and avoidance.

56. Proof of life - positive proof that the hostage is alive, obtained from a reliable or verified
source.

57. Psychotic – (Paranoid Schizophrenic) is a mental disorder which means that individuals
affected cannot function in the world adequately on a day-to-day basis.
58. Rapport - a close and harmonious relationship in which the people concerned
understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate.

59. Schizoid Personality Disorder - is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of

interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness,
and emotional coldness.

60. Schizophrenic - is an individual who has no contact with reality.

61. Stockholm Syndrome - term that refers to a situation during hostage taking where the
victim develops rapport and becomes sympathetic with his/her captor.

62. Stronghold - any location or structure, fixed or mobile, where the hostage is being held.

63. Suicide Intervention - the use of communication techniques and strategies to influence a
person to change behavior and reconsider. his desire to commit suicide.

64. Tactical Interrogation - refers to the act of questioning or eliciting information from a
suspect to produce information of tactical or operational value.

65. Time - is the most important element of hostage negotiation.

66. Victim - the person/company/organization to whom the unwarranted demand or threat is

directed or intended, or is expected by the offenders to respond.

67. Victim Communicator - the individual communicating directly with the people making the
threat(s), demand(s) or issuing instructions.

68. Victimology – the process of obtaining a detailed account of the victim’s lifestyle and
personality that can assist in determining the nature of the disappearance, the risk level
of the victim, and the type of person who could have committed the crime. It also
includes complete information regarding the victim’s physical description, normal
behavioral patterns, family dynamics and known friends and acquaintances.

69. Deviant Behavior-a behavior that deviates from the norms and standards of the society.
It is not criminal behavior but it has the tendency to become abnormal behavior, it will
become criminals when it violates the provision of the criminal law.

70. Structural-studies crime as it relatives to the social structure or organization of the

society.

71. Processual-the process on how people become criminal.

72. Adjustment-is defined as the satisfaction of a need.Three (3) Elements of the Adjustment
Processes: a need which arisesPurposive behavior-leading towards a goal-which
satisfies the needClassifications of Human Behavior

73. CONSCIOUS–aware of here and now, in contact with reality.•It functions only when the
person is awake. –

74. PRECONSCIOUS / SUBCONSCIOUS•Contains the partially forgotten memories that

can be recalled at will. Preconscious serves as the “watchman” by preventing
unacceptable & anxiety producing memories from reaching the conscious awareness.–

75. UNCONSCIOUS–The largest part of the personality that is often compared to the hidden
iceberg under the water that contains memory that is forgotten & cannot be brought back
to consciousness at will.

76. ID –represents psychological energy, or libido and it operates on pleasure principles

which can be understood as a demand to take care of needs immediately. The ID only
knows that what it wants and what it wants right away regardless of the present
circumstances, does not care about morals, society and other individuals–starts from
birth to 6 months–demanding, unrealistic, primitive, instinctual, uncivilized, undisciplined

77. •EGO –is the one that relates to the world or reality to satisfy the demands of the ID. The
ego operates by reality principle & uses problem solving based on how it judges reality.
It controls the demands of & mediates between the ID and the Superego according to
the demands of the reality.–operates on conscious level–begins in the first 6 or 8 months
of life and fairly well developed at age 2 or 3 years–serves to control and guide actions
of an individual

78. •SUPEREGO-is the one that rewards the moral behavior and punishes actions that are
not acceptable by creating guilt. The superego is our conscience, a residue of
internalized values &moral training of early childhood.•operates on both conscious and
unconscious•

79. Conscience–punishes the person with guilt feelings when person–deviates from the
demands of the superego, concern with what is believe to be morally or basically wrong.

80. Prevention-this stage involves the institution of passive and active security measures,as
well as the remedy or solution of destabilizing factors and/or security flaws leading
tosuch crisis/emergencies.

81. Preparation-entails planning, organizing, training and stock piling of equipments

andsupplies needed for such crises/emergencies.
82. Performance-which is the actual execution or implementation of any of contingency plan
when a crisis situation occurs despite the pro-active measures.

83. Normal behavior (adaptive or Adjusted behavior) is the standard behavior, the totally
accepted behavior because they follow the standard norm of the society.

84. Risk Management - involves assessing potential threats and finding the best ways to
avoid those threats.

85. Schizophrenia - a long term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the
relation between thought, emotion and behavior, leading to faulty perception,
inappropriate actions and feelings,withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into
fantasy and delusion and a sense of mental fragmentation.

86. Hypnosis - the induction of a state of consciousness in which a person apparently losses
the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestions or directions.

87. Overt – directly seen

88. Covert – motives, emotions

89. Dyspareunia – painful intercourse

90. Extroversion – sensation seeking, anventurous, dominant, assertive.

91. Incest – sex with close relative.

92. Necrophilia – sex with a corpse

93. Paraphilias – abnormal ways of sexual gratification.

94. Phallic – Source of pleasure is the sex organ. About 5 years old.

95. Phedophilia – having sex with children, usually below 13 years old.

96. Sadism – a person who achieve sexual satisfaction by seeing the partner suffer.

97. Transvestism – cross-dressing, sexual gratification by wearing the clothes of the

opposite sex.

98. Voyeurism – peeping tom.

99. Zoophilia/Bestiality – having sex with animal.

100. Neurotism – low self esteem, mood swings, excessive anxiety.