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    Stage 9 - Lesson 127

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    Marika Bolkvadze
    The document provides instruction on comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, participles, and adverbs. It discusses adjectives of two syllables stressed on the first syllable (clever, narrow), adjectives ending in "-ful" or "-less" (helpful, careless), adjectives made from verb participles (boring, tired), and adverbs made by adding "-ly" (carefully, loudly). It also covers doubling consonants in one-syllable words ending in a single consonant (sad, big), and using "the" with adjectives to refer to plural nouns (the young, the English).

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    Stage 9 - Lesson 127

    Uploaded by

    Marika Bolkvadze
    46 views41 pages
    The document provides instruction on comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, participles, and adverbs. It discusses adjectives of two syllables stressed on the first syllable (clever, narrow), adjectives ending in "-ful" or "-less" (helpful, careless), adjectives made from verb participles (boring, tired), and adverbs made by adding "-ly" (carefully, loudly). It also covers doubling consonants in one-syllable words ending in a single consonant (sad, big), and using "the" with adjectives to refer to plural nouns (the young, the English).

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    Stage-9-charts

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    The document provides instruction on comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, participles, and adverbs. It discusses adjectives of two syllables stressed on the first syllable (clever, narrow), adjectives ending in "-ful" or "-less" (helpful, careless), adjectives made from verb participles (boring, tired), and adverbs made by adding "-ly" (carefully, loudly). It also covers doubling consonants in one-syllable words ending in a single consonant (sad, big), and using "the" with adjectives to refer to plural nouns (the young, the English).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    46 views41 pages

    Stage 9 - Lesson 127

    Uploaded by

    Marika Bolkvadze
    The document provides instruction on comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, participles, and adverbs. It discusses adjectives of two syllables stressed on the first syllable (clever, narrow), adjectives ending in "-ful" or "-less" (helpful, careless), adjectives made from verb participles (boring, tired), and adverbs made by adding "-ly" (carefully, loudly). It also covers doubling consonants in one-syllable words ending in a single consonant (sad, big), and using "the" with adjectives to refer to plural nouns (the young, the English).

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    Stage 9 – lesson 127

    Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives,


    participles and adverbs.
    Adjectives of two syllables which have the stress on
    the first syllable.

    Clever – cleverer …than – the cleverest


    Narrow – narrower…than – the narrowest
    Simple – simpler… than – the simplest
    Happy – happier… than – the happiest
    Stage 9 – lesson 127

    Adjectives ending in “-ful” or “-less”

    Helpful – more helpful…than – the most helpful


    Careless – more careless…than – the most careless
    Careful – more careful…than – the most careful
    Useless – more useless …than – the most useless
    Stage 9 – lesson 127

    Adjectives which are made from the participles of


    verbs.

    Boring – more boring…than – the most boring


    Pleased – more pleased… than – the most pleased
    Exciting – more exciting…than – the most exciting
    Tired – more tired…than – the most tired
    Stage 9 – lesson 127

    Adverbs that are made by adding “-ly” to an adjective

    Carefully – more carefully…than – the most carefully


    Happily – more happily…than – the most happily
    Loudly – more loudly…than – the most loudly
    Stage 9 – lesson 128

    Thus
    1. Therefore
    He was busy with work, and thus could
    not go to the theatre.

    2. In this way (+ing)


    The weather was cold and wet, thus
    spoiling our trip to the seaside.
    Stage 9 – lesson 129

    Verb + infinitive or “+ing”


    I enjoy swimming. I want to swim.

    Promise, fail, ask, agree, refuse, manage etc.


     The children promised to behave.
     I failed to notice the sign above the door.

    Consider, finish, deny, avoid, practise, miss etc.


     Oliver considered taking the train.
     Elizabeth finished reading the newspaper
    Stage 9 – lesson 130

    Compound adjectives
    A well-behaved child
    Adverb/adjective + participle
     A badly planned wedding.
     A beautifully designed jacket.
     A slow-moving train.
    Adjective + noun (that has the letters “ed” after it)
     A long-haired girl
     A four-lagged animal.
     A blue-eyed baby
    Stage 9 – lesson 130

    Doubling consonants
    A word of one syllable ends in a single
    consonant preceded by a single vowel.

    Sad –sadder Fat – fattest


    Big – bigger Hit- hitting
    Fit – fitted Run - running
    Stage 9 – lesson 131

    Unfinished sentence ending with “to”

    She didn’t kiss him, but she wanted


    to kiss him.

    She didn’t kiss him, but she wanted to.


    Stage 9 – lesson 131

    “The”+adjective = (pl) noun


    Young people the young (pl)

    English people the English

    French people the French

    Stage 9 – lesson 132


    Still
    Negative sentences
     He hasn’t done the work yet.
     He still hasn’t done the work.
    This communicates a feeling of surprise
    or annoyance.

    Stage 9 – lesson 132


    Questions
    Are you still living in London?
    Are you still in the bathroom, Jane? Please hurry up!

    Comparative structure (still/even)


    My brother is tall, but my uncle is still taller.
    We’re driving fast but we need to drive even faster to
    avoid being late.

    This communicates that something is surprising


    Stage 9 – lesson 133
    Further uses of the verb “wish”
    We are unhappy or irritated about something that is
    happening as we want the situation to change.
     I wish he would be quiet.
     I wish it would stop raining.
    Wish to = “want”, “would like”
     I wish to complain. I would like to complain.
    To communicate the idea that we want something good to
    happen to somebody
     I wished her good luck in her exam.
     Don’t forget to wish them a pleasant journey.
    Stage 9 – lesson 133
    To steal /To rob
    Steal + something + from somebody (or somewhere)
     The thief stole my watch from me.

    Rob + somebody (or somewhere) + of something


     The thief robbed me of my watch.
    Stage 9 – lesson 134

    Giving/asking for opinions


    “In my opinion”
    “In my view”
    “From my point of view”
    “If you ask me”
    “As far as I am concerned”
    Stage 9 – lesson 134

    Changing the letter “y” to “i”


    Consonant + y i+ suffix
    Study - studied Baby – babies
    Tidy – tidiness happy - happier

    The suffix “-ing”


    Study – studying Carry – carrying
    Vowel + y
    Delay – delays Journey - journeys
    Stage 9 – lesson 135

    Present perfect continuous: evidence of recent activity

    To communicate the duration of an action up to a


    particular point.
     I have been working for one hour so far.
    There is evidence now of a recent activity.
     Look at Lucy’s eyes; I think she’s been crying.
     The road’s wet. It has been raining.
    The Past perfect continuous
     When I arrived at David’s house last night, I
    could tell he had been cooking.
    Stage 9 – lesson 135

    Advice (n) advise (v)

    Practice (n) practise (v)

    Licence (n) license (v)

    Record (n) /'rekɔ:d/ record (v) /ri'kɔ:d/


    Stage 9 – lesson 136

    Was (were) + infinitive with “to”


    A future event in relation to a point in the
    past

     I did not realize when we first started


    this job that it was to be so difficult.
    Stage 9 – lesson 136

    I wish I could take a holiday.


    If only I could take a holiday!

    I wish I had gone to bed earlier last night.


    If only I had gone to bed earlier last
    night!
    Stage 9 – lesson 136

    Which
    We are considering a limited number of
    alternatives.
     Which of these is your phone
    number?
    What
    We use in a more unlimited sense.
     What’s your phone number?
    Stage 9 – lesson 137

    So – and its many uses


    1. He said the train had left, but it was not so.
    True
    2. So, you have got a new job, I hear!
    So is used to start a conversation on a particular subject.
    3. It so happens I have just the thing you are looking for
    By chance
    4. I told you so! We spent too long in the restaurant, and
    now we’ve missed the last bus home!
    This is exactly what I predicted.
    Stage 9 – lesson 138

    In case / just in case = “in preparation for the


    possibility that…”
     Here is my phone number in case you call me.
    “In preparation for the possibility that you need to call me”.

     Here is my mobile number, just in case.


    Here’s my mobile number in case you need to call me.
    In case of = if and when something happens.
     In case of fire, leave the building immediately
    Stage 9 – lesson 138

    0.5683 litres = 1 pint

    8 pints = 1 gallon
    Stage 9 – lesson 139

    Questions without the question form

    Who did you help?

    Who helped you?


    Stage 9 – lesson 139

    “That’s all right” “That’s OK”

    “Not at all” “It’s nothing”

    “You’re welcome” “No problem”

    “Don’t mention it”


    Stage 9 – lesson 140

    “The” + comparative…, “the” + comparative…

    To communicate that there is a


    relationship between two things.

     The colder it is, the more clothes I


    wear.
    Stage 9 – lesson 140

    Adjective + “-ish”
    Rather/ more or less
     France is not exactly a big country,
    like Russia or the USA, but it’s biggish
    compared with countries like England
    and Scotland.
    About – when we say a time of a day
     Eightish = about eight
    Stage 9 – lesson 140

    Some in questions
    When we expect a positive answer, and
    especially when we offer something to
    somebody.
     Would you like some more tea?
     Is there somebody here you’re
    looking for?
     Would you like me to buy you
    something nice for Christmas?
    Stage 9 – lesson 141

    Double contractions
    I will have gone by tomorrow.
    I’ll’ve gone by tomorrow.

    I would have done it.


    I’d’ve done it.
    Stage 9 – lesson 141

    Compound adjectives
    The lesson lasted fifty minutes.
    It was a fifty-minute lesson.
    This car has four doors.
    This is a four-door car.

    A twenty-page document.
    A twenty-pages document.
    Stage 9 – lesson 142

     The weather is quite wonderful!


    (Completely wonderful)

     This wine is quite excellent!

     I am sorry, but what you’re asking


    me to do is quite impossible!
    Stage 9 – lesson 142

    Then
    At that time
     I’m going to see him on Thursday,
    so I can give the news then.
    Next
     We’ll have dinner first, and then
    watch TV.
    In that case
     If you don’t understand, then ask.
    Stage 9 – lesson 142
    Strong form weak form
    Can /kæn/ /kǝn/
    Than /ðæn/ /ðǝn/
    But /bʌt/ /bǝt/
    Some /sʌm/ /sǝm/
    Your /jɔ: / /jǝ/
    To /tu: / /tǝ/
    Are /a: / /ǝ/
    Was /woz/ /wǝz/
    Stage 9 – lesson 143
    Uses of the passive voice
    When we do not know who does the
    action.
     My car has been stolen.
    When we do not want to say who does the
    action.
     You were seen entering the office
    without permission.
    Stage 9 – lesson 143
    When it is not important who does the
    action.
     The Eiffel tower was built in 1889.

    When it is obvious who does the action


     He was arrested for stealing.

    Stage 9 – lesson 144


    “by” and its many uses

    1. The traffic passed by my house.


    The traffic went past my house.
    2. Mr Williams lives by himself.
    Nobody lives with him.
    3. Mr William did the job by himself.
    He did it without any help.

    Stage 9 – lesson 144


    4. This play was written by Shakespeare.
    Shakespeare was the writer of this play.

    5. He worked in the town and lived in a


    nearby village.
    He lived in a village that was near the town.

    Stage 9 – lesson 144


    Mr Jonson’s tie. My uncle’s house.
    The horse’s tail. The dog’s ear.

    The book’s main purpose is to teach.


    The main purpose of the book is to teach.

    The door of the house; the smell of the


    food.
    Stage 9 – lesson 145

    To lie – lay – lain


    To be in a horizontal position

    To lay – laid – laid


    To put carefully on a surface

    To lie – lied – lied


    Not to tell the truth

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