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    National Environmental Policy of Myanmar

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    Thoon Thoon
    The document outlines Myanmar's national environmental policy. It notes that Myanmar faces threats to its natural resources from deforestation, wildlife trade, mining, and pollution due to development. The government adopted a new environmental policy to mainstream environmental protection into economic development. The policy vision is a clean environment that ensures well-being, and its mission is to establish principles to guide protection and sustainable development. The 23 principles provide a framework for achieving clean ecosystems, sustainable development, and environmental mainstreaming.

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    National Environmental Policy of Myanmar

    Uploaded by

    Thoon Thoon
    65 views3 pages
    The document outlines Myanmar's national environmental policy. It notes that Myanmar faces threats to its natural resources from deforestation, wildlife trade, mining, and pollution due to development. The government adopted a new environmental policy to mainstream environmental protection into economic development. The policy vision is a clean environment that ensures well-being, and its mission is to establish principles to guide protection and sustainable development. The 23 principles provide a framework for achieving clean ecosystems, sustainable development, and environmental mainstreaming.

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    The document outlines Myanmar's national environmental policy. It notes that Myanmar faces threats to its natural resources from deforestation, wildlife trade, mining, and pollution due to development. The government adopted a new environmental policy to mainstream environmental protection into economic development. The policy vision is a clean environment that ensures well-being, and its mission is to establish principles to guide protection and sustainable development. The 23 principles provide a framework for achieving clean ecosystems, sustainable development, and environmental mainstreaming.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    65 views3 pages

    National Environmental Policy of Myanmar

    Uploaded by

    Thoon Thoon
    The document outlines Myanmar's national environmental policy. It notes that Myanmar faces threats to its natural resources from deforestation, wildlife trade, mining, and pollution due to development. The government adopted a new environmental policy to mainstream environmental protection into economic development. The policy vision is a clean environment that ensures well-being, and its mission is to establish principles to guide protection and sustainable development. The 23 principles provide a framework for achieving clean ecosystems, sustainable development, and environmental mainstreaming.

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    National Environmental Policy of Myanmar

    1. Myanmar is blessed with diverse ecosystems,rich biodiversity and bountiful natural resources. The
    health of these ecosystems is essential for the country’sdevelopment and the people’s wellbeing, given
    that alleconomic and social sectors depend on its naturalcapital. Yet many of our country’s natural
    resources and environmental assets are under pressure due to anumber of different causes.
    Deforestation, mangrove loss, illegal wildlife trade, unregulated mineralextraction and environmental
    quality deterioration are just some of the ongoing threats to Myanmar’s natural capital. Without sound
    environmental governance, rapid economic development could further exacerbate these existing
    environmental problems. As a result of the opening of the country’s economy, increasing foreign
    and domestic investment is contributing to an intensification of industrial activity and rapid urban
    expansion. This brings additional environmental challenges such as air and water pollution, land
    contamination and hazardous waste. Furthermore, Myanmar is one of the countries most vulnerable to
    climate change. Widespread natural disasters caused by extreme weather events and predicted future
    dramatic climate change are major challenges for the country’s economic and social development.
    2. The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar has responded to these challenges by
    adopting this new National Environmental Policy with the aim of mainstreaming environmental
    considerations into economic and social development. The Policy will provide long-term guidance for
    government organizations, civil society, the private sector and development partners on the
    achievement of environmental protection and sustainable development objectives in Myanmar. Along
    with this Policy, the Government emphasises the importance of placing environmental considerations
    at the centre of efforts to promote economic and social development, reduce poverty, mitigate and
    adapt to climate change, and minimize natural disaster risks.

    Policy Approach
    3. This Policy builds on Myanmar’s 1994 National Environment Policy and reaffirms its core
    values: (a) The wealth of the nation is its people, its cultural heritage, its environment and its natural
    resources. (b) It is the responsibility of the State and every citizen to preserve our natural resources in
    the interests of present and future generations. (c) Environmental protection should always be the
    primary objective in seeking development.
    4. It also builds on the 1997 Myanmar Agenda 21, the 2009 National Sustainable Development
    Strategy. It is grounded in the environmental responsibilities in the 2008 Constitution of the Republic
    of the Union of Myanmar, and the obligations contained in the 2012 Environmental Conservation
    Law. It also aligns with, and expands upon, the environmental considerations in the 2015 National
    Comprehensive Development Plan and the 2018 Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan. The Poli cy
    recogni ses and i ntegrat es Myanmar ’ s commitments to Multilateral Environmental Agreements,
    including the 2015 Paris Agreement.
    5. The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar recognises the fundamental links
    between environmental protection, economic and social development, and poverty alleviation. The
    principles outlined in this National Environmental Policy reflectthese linkages. This approach is
    consistent with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which includes 17 SDGs to end
    poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and tackle climate change by 2030. Putting this Policy into
    action will also ensure that Myanmar makes significant progress in meeting the SDGs.
    6. This National Environmental Policy will serve as a guide in mapping out detailed action plans for
    environmental protection and sustainable development, and set the direction for the on-going
    implementation and enhancement of relevant laws and policies. Further it will establish a foundation
    for mainstreaming environmental considerations into decision-making on economic and social
    development and activities by: (a) conceiving a long-term vision for environmental protection and
    sustainable development, supported by key national environmental policy principles; (b) providing a
    framework for incorporating environmental protection and sustainable development into all relevant
    sectoral policies; and (c) setting a basis for enhancing environmental governance in Myanmar.
    National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission

    Vision
    A clean environment, with healthy and functioning ecosystems, that ensures inclusive
    development and wellbeing for all people in Myanmar

    Mission
    To establish national environmental policy principles for guiding environmental protection and
    sustainable development and for mainstreaming environmental considerations into all policies,
    laws, regulations, plans, strategies, programmes and projects in Myanmar

    National Environmental Policy Principles


    7. To pursue this vision, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar adopts the
    following 23 National Environmental Policy principles as the guiding framework for achieving: a
    clean environment and healthy, functioning ecosystems; sustainable economic and social
    development; and the mainstreaming of environmental protection and management: (a) Clean
    environment and healthy, functioning ecosystems (1) Every person and citizen living in Myanmar has
    the right to access a clean and healthy environment, and the duty to protect the environment. (2) The
    complete value of Myanmar’s environment is recognised and considered– both tangible and intangible
    values, including its significant spiritual values, ecological assets and cultural heritage, in addition to
    its direct benefits for humanity. (3) Environment and natural resource management will recognise the
    critical roles that Myanmar’s natural capital and ecosystem services play in the country’ssociety and
    economy. (4) Myanmar’s ecosystems are to be protected and managed in a sustainable way in order to
    maintain their natural functions and resilience, and rich biodiversity. (5) Myanmar’s natural resources
    are to be protected and managed in integrated and sustainable ways without diminishing their
    availability and quality for future generations. (6) The rights of indigenous people and ethnic
    nationalities to their lands, territories, resources and cultural heritage, and their roles in environmental
    conservation and natural resources management, are recognized and protected.
    (7) Environmental service provisioning (including waste management, wastewater treatment, drinking
    water purification, ambient air and water quality monitoring and management) will be included as
    necessary parts of infrastructure planning and development for urban and human settlement areas, with
    resource efficient and zero waste approaches used. (b) Sustainable economic and social development
    (8) Environmental sustainability will always be a central objective in determining Myanmar’s
    economic and social development strategies, which will prioritise low-carbon and green economy
    pathways, through responsible investment and partnerships with the private sector and civil society.
    (9) Recognising the inextricable link between environment and poverty,environmental considerations
    must be central to effective people-centred development and serve to guide development strategies so
    that sustainable and equitable approaches to improved prosperity and living standards are pursued.
    (10) Sustainable and renewable energy for the needs of people and for economic development in
    Myanmar will be secured, and utilized efficiently, through the use of existing technology and
    innovations in the generation, storage, supply and use of energy. (11) Climate smart approaches to
    development, including resilience, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and disaster reduction
    strategies, will be aligned to environmental protection and good natural resource management
    approaches in the pursuit of lowcarbon, sustainable development. (12) Economic values of
    environmental services will be recognised and incorporated in development policies so that these
    values are optimized and maintained to the extent possible. (13) Pollution and waste is to be avoided
    and minimised at the source as more cost effective than remediation,enterprises will be encouraged to
    adopt clean production principles andbest practices. (14) Remediation of past environmental damage
    will be prioritised in development planning and decision-making to promote green outcomes and give
    effect to the polluter pays principle. (c) Mainstreaming environmental protection and management
    (15) Institutional and legal frameworks for implementing and enforcingenvironmental laws and
    policies will be strengthened through clear definition of rights and responsibilities, and greater
    collaboration among different institutions within the government atall levels, as well as with
    nongovernment stakeholders.(16) All decisions on policies, plans, projects and activities that could
    have environmental impacts will be subject to prior comprehensive assessment of their potential
    impacts, applying the precautionary principle, systematic risk assessment and the mitigation
    hierarchy. (17) Environmental decision making at all levels will be inclusive, transparent and
    accountable to relevant stakeholders, with communities and citizens having the right to participate
    in decision making processes and access information that could affect their lives and property. (18)
    Gender equal i t y and the empowerment of women and girls will be integrated into all aspects of
    environmental protection and management. (19) Environmental education, public awareness raising
    and quality research will be promoted to enhance respect for the country’s environmental values,
    understanding of environmental challenges, and commitment to environmental conservation and
    sustainable development. (20) Environmental governance arrangements will be responsive to peace
    processes, and arrangements in States and Regions including self-administered areas, recognising that
    peaceful and just societies, and environmental conservation and sustainable development efforts are
    mutually beneficial. (21) Financial sustainability of environmental governance will be achieved
    through the application of the polluter pays principle and the use of green financial instruments. (22)
    International cooperation will be sought to strengthen environmental conservation and sustainable
    development in Myanmar, and to address regional and global challenges,
    through bilateral and multilateral agreements, experience sharing and implementation arrangements.
    (23) National environmental interests will be given thorough consideration before signing
    international and regional treaties, international investment treaties must recogni se Myanmar ’ s
    evolving environmental governance and honour previously ratified agreements and utilize the most
    environmentally sustainable methods.

    Implementing the National Environmental Policy

    8. The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is committed to putting this National
    Environmental Policy into action through a Strategic Framework and a series of master plans. The
    Strategic Framework applies the National Environmental Policy principles to priority thematic areas
    and sectors. It also provides environmental governance requirements for effective implementation,
    including institutional strengthening, monitoring and enforcement, public participation, dispute
    resolution and financing. The Strategic Framework provides guidance for preparing master plans for
    States and Regions and for the priority thematic areas and sectors. The master plans will contain
    specific activities, timeframes, budgets and performance targets for achieving the Strategic Framework
    objectives and, ultimately, the National Environmental Policy vision.

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