Stainless Steel Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
Stainless Steel Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
Stainless Steel Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
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Grade 304 is a standard "18/8" stainless. It is the most versatile and most widely
used stainless steel available, even though a wide range of alternatives are
available; and has excellent forming and welding characteristics. The balanced
austenitic structure of Grade 304 enables it to be severely deep drawn without
intermediate annealing. This means that this grade steel is dominant in the
manufacture of drawn stainless parts such as sinks, hollowware and saucepans.
For these applications, it is common to use special "304DDQ" (Deep Drawing
Quality) variants. Grade 304 can be readily braked or rollformed into a variety of
components for applications in the industrial, architectural, and transportation
fields. It also has outstanding welding characteristics. Postweld annealing is not
required when welding thin sections.
Grade 304L, the low carbon version of 304, does not require postweld annealing and is
therefore extensively used in heavy gauge components (over about 6mm). Grade 304H
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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
with its higher carbon content is used in applications at elevated temperatures. The
austenitic structure also gives these grades excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic
temperatures.
Key Properties
These properties are specified for flat rolled product (plate, sheet, and coil) in ASTM
A240/A240M. Similar but not necessarily identical properties are specified for other
products such as pipe and bar in their respective specifications.
Composition
Table 1. Typical composition ranges for 304grade stainless steel
Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N
min. 18.0 8.0
304
max. 0.08 2.0 0.75 0.045 0.030 20.0 10.5 0.10
min. 18.0 8.0
304L
max. 0.030 2.0 0.75 0.045 0.030 20.0 12.0 0.10
min. 0.04 18.0 8.0
304H 0.045
max. 0.10 2.0 0.75 0.030 20.0 10.5
Mechanical Properties
Table 2. Typical mechanical properties of 304grade stainless steel
Tensile Hardness
Yield Strength 0.2% Elongation (% in
Grade Strength (MPa) Rockwell B Brinell
Proof (MPa) min 50 mm) min
min (HR B) max (HB) max
304 515 205 40 92 201
304L 485 170 40 92 201
304H 515 205 40 92 201
304H also requires a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.
Physical Properties
Table 3. Typical physical properties of 304grade stainless steel in the annealed condition
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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
Mean Coefficient of Thermal
Elastic Thermal Expansion Conductivity Specific Electrical
Density
Grade Modulus (μm/m/°C) (W/m.K) Heat 0100 Resistivity
(kg/m3)
(GPa) 0100 0315 0538 at 100 at 500 °C (J/kg.K) (nΩ.m)
°C °C °C °C °C
304/L/H 8000 193 17.2 17.8 18.4 16.2 21.5 500 720
Grade Specification Comparison
Table 4. Approximate Grade specifications for 304grade stainless steel
Old British Euronorm
Grade UNS No Swedish SS Japanese JIS
BS En No Name
304 S30400 304S31 58E 1.4301 X5CrNi1810 2332 SUS 304
304L S30403 304S11 1.4306 X2CrNi1911 2352 SUS 304L
304H S30409 304S51 1.4948 X6CrNi1811
These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of
functionally similar materials, not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact
equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted.
Possible Alternative Grades
Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 304grade stainless steel
Grade Why it might be chosen instead of 304
A higher work hardening rate grade is required for certain rollformed or
301L
stretch formed components.
Lower work hardening rate is needed for cold forging of screws, bolts, and
302HQ
rivets.
Higher machinability needed, and the lower corrosion resistance,
303
formability, and weldability are acceptable.
Higher resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is required, in chloride
316
environments
Better resistance to temperatures of around 600900 °C is needed…321
321
has higher hot strength.
A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and resulting
3CR12
discoloration are acceptable.
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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and
430
fabrication characteristics are acceptable.
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 304 stainless steel is excellent in a wide range of atmospheric environments and
many corrosive media. It is subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride
environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above 60 °C (approximate). Grade 304 is
considered to be resistant to potable water up to approximately 200 mg/L chlorides at
ambient temperatures, reducing to approximately150 mg/L at 60 °C.
Heat Resistance
Grade 304 has good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870 °C, and in
continuous service to 925 °C. Continuous use of 304 in the 425860 °C range is not
recommended if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important. Grade 304L is
more resistant to carbide precipitation and can be heated into this temperature range.
Grade 304H has higher strength at elevated temperatures so is often used for structural
and pressurecontaining applications at temperatures above 500 °C up to about 800 °C
(approximate). 304H will become sensitized in the temperature range of 425860 °C.
Whilst this is not a problem for hightemperature applications, it will result in reduced
aqueous corrosion resistance.
Heat Treatment
During Solution Treatment (Annealing) Grade 304 can be heated to 10101120 °C and is
then cooled rapidly. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.
Welding
Grade 304 has excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without
filler metals. AS 1554.6 prequalifies welding of 304 with Grade 308 and 304L with 308L
rods or electrodes (and with their high silicon equivalents). Heavy welded sections in
Grade 304 may require postweld annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. This is
not required for Grade 304L. Grade 321 may also be used as an alternative to 304 if
heavy section welding is required and postweld heat treatment is not possible.
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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (UNS S30400)
Machining
A "Ugima" improved machinability version of grade 304 is available in bar products.
"Ugima" machines significantly better than standard 304 or 304L, giving higher machining
rates and lower tool wear in many operations.
Dual Certification
It is common for 304 and 304L to be stocked in "Dual Certified" form, particularly in plate
and pipe. These items have chemical and mechanical properties complying with both 304
and 304L specifications. Such dual certified product does not meet 304H specifications
and may be unacceptable for hightemperature applications.
Typical Applications
Food processing equipment, particularly in beer brewing, milk processing &
winemaking
Kitchen benches, sinks, troughs, equipment and appliances
Architectural paneling, railings & trim
Chemical containers, including for transport
Heat Exchangers
Woven or welded screens for mining, quarrying & water filtration
Threaded fasteners
Springs
This article was updated on 19th August, 2019.
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