14

Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations

Q3. Show that the roots of the equations
(i) a2(mx + c)2 + b2x2 = a2 b2 will be equal if c2 = b2 + a2m2
a
(ii) (mx + c)2 = 4ax will be equal if c=
m
(iii) x2 + (mx + c)2 = a2 has equal roots if c2 = a2 (1 + m2).

Q4. If the roots of (c2 – ab)x2 – 2(a2 – bc)x + (b2 – ac) = 0 are equal then prove that
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
Q5. Show that the roots of the following equations are real
1
(i) x2 – 2 ( m+ )x + 3 = 0
m
(ii) x2 – 2ax + a2 = b2 + c2
(iii)(b2 – 4ac)x2 + 4(a + c)x – 4 = 0
Q6. Show that the roots of the following equations are rational
(i) a(b – c)x2 + b(c – a)x + c(a – b) = 0
(ii) (a + 2b)x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + (a + 2c) = 0
(iii) (a + b)x2 – ax – b) = 0
(iv) p x2 - (p – q) x – q = 0

Q7. For what value of „K‟ the equation (4–k) x2 + 2(k+2) x + 8k + 1 = 0 will be a
perfect square.
(Hint : The equation will be perfect square if Disc. b2 – 4ac = 0 )

Answers 1.2
Q1. (i)Real, rational, unequal (ii) unequal, real and rational
(iii) ir-rational, unequal, real (iv) Real, unequal, ir-rational
-11
Q2. (i) 1, (ii) -2 (iii) 1, -3 (iv) 2
9

Q7. 0, 3

1.10 Sum and Product of the Roots

(Relation between the roots and Co-efficient of ax2 + b x + c = 0)
The roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are
b± b 2  4ac
 =
2a
b  b2  4ac
=
2a
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Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations
Sum of roots:
Add the two roots
b+ b 2  4ac b  b 2  4ac
  = 
2a 2a
b+ b2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac
=
2a
b  b
=
2a
2b b
= = 
2a a
 Co-efficient of x
Hence, sum of roots =    =
Co-efficient of x 2
Product of roots:
 b+ b 2  4ac   b  b 2  4ac 
 =  x  =
 2a   2a 
   
√

b2  b2  4ac
=
4a 2
4ac
=
4a 2
c
a =
a
 Constant term
i.e. product of roots =   =
Co-efficient of x 2
Example 1:
Find the sum and the Product of the roots in the Equation 2x2 + 4 = 7x
Solution:
2x2 + 4 = 7x
2x2 – 7x + 4 = 0
Here a = 2, b = -7, c = 4
b  7 7
Sum of the roots =  =    =
a  2 2
c 4
Product of roots = = =2
a 2
Example 2:
Find the value of “K” if sum of roots of
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Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations
5
(2k – 1)x2 + (4K – 1)x + (K + 3) = 0 is
2
Solution:
(2k – 1)x2 + (4K – 1)x + (K + 3) = 0
Here a = (2k – 1), b = 4K – 1, c = K + 3
b
Sum of roots = 
a
5 (4K - 1) 5
=  Sum of roots =
2 (2K - 1) 2
5 (2K – 1) = – 2 (4K – 1)
10K – 5 = –8K + 2
10K + 8K = 5 + 5
18K = 7
7
K=
18
Example 3:
If one root of 4x2 – 3x + K = 0 is 3 times the other, find the value of “K”.
Solution:
Given Equation is 4x2 – 3x + K = 0
Let one root be , then other will be 3 .
a
Sum of roots = 
b
(  3)
 + 3 = 
4
3
4 =
4
3
 =
16
Product of roots =
K
(3) =
4
K
32 =
4
K = 122
3
Putting the value of  = we have
16
2
 3
K = 12  
 16 
12x9 27
= =
256 64
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Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations
Exercise 1.3
Q1. Without solving, find the sum and the product of the roots of the following
equations.
(i) x2 – x + 1 = 0 (ii) 2y2 + 5y – 1 = 0
(iii) x2 – 9 = 0 (iv) 2x2 + 4 = 7x
2
(v) 5x + x – 7 = 0
Q2. Find the value of k, given that
(i) The product of the roots of the equation
7
(k + 1)x2 + (4k + 3)x + (k – 1) = 0 is
2
(ii) The sum of the roots of the equation 3x2 + k x + 5 = 0 will be equal to
the product of its roots.
(iii) The sum of the roots of the equation 4 x2 + k x - 7 = 0 is 3.

Q3. (i)If the difference of the roots of x2 – 7x + k – 4 = 0 is 5, find the value of k and
the roots.
5
(ii) If the difference of the roots of 6x2 – 23x + c = 0 is , find the value of k
6
and the roots.
Q4. If  , β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 find the value of
1 1 
(i) 3 + β3 (ii)  2 (iii) √ √

 2

 
(iv) (v)
 
(v)
Q5. If p, q are the roots of 2x2 – 6x + 3 = 0 find the value of
(p3 + q3) – 3pq (p2 + q2) –3pq (p + q)
Q6. The roots of the equation px2 + qx + q = 0 are  and β,

Prove that √ √ √


Q7. Find the condition that one root of the equation px2 + qx + r = 0 is
square of the other.
Q8. Find the value of k given that if one root of 9x2 – 15x + k = 0 exceeds the other
by 3. Also find the roots.
Q9. If  , β are the roots of the equation px2 + qx + r = 0 then find the values of

(i) 2 + β2 (ii) (  β)2 (iii) 3β + β3

Answers 1.3
5 1 7 1 7
Q1.(i) 1, 1 (ii)  ,  (iii) 0, - 9 (iv) ,2 (v)  , 
2 2 2 5 5
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Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations
7 9
Q2.(i) (ii)  (iii) - 12
18 5
7 3
Q3.(i) K =10, roots = 6, 1 (ii)  ,   ; c = 21
3 2
b3  3abc b2  2ac b 3abc  b3 b b2  4ac
Q4. (i) (ii) (iii)  (iv) (v)
a3 c2 ac a 2c ac
2 7
Q5. - 27 Q7. Pr (p + r)+q3 = 3pqr Q8. K = - 14, roots are  ,
3 3

q 2  2pr q 2  4pr
Q9. (i) (ii) (iii)
p2 p2

1.11 Formation of Quadratic Equation from the given roots :

Let  ,  be the roots of the Equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
b
The sum of roots =      ……… (I)
a
c
Product of roots =  .  ……… (II)
a
The equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0
b c
Divide this equation by a  x2  x+  0
a a
 b c
Or x 2     x+  0
 a a
From I and II this equation becomes

x2 - (  + β ) x +  β = 0

Or x2 – (Sum of roots) x + Product of roots = 0

Or x2 – (S) x + (P) = 0

is the required equation, where S =    and P =  

Alternate method:-
Let  ,  be the roots of the equation a x2 + b x + c = 0
i.e., x =  and x = β
 x-  = 0 and x - β = 0
 (x - ) ( x - β ) = 0

x2 -  x - β x +  β = 0