1-2 W (CO-Sem-7)

troduction Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 1-3 W (CO-Sem-7)

PART11 Que 13How do you look at your basie aspirations ? Is

Aspirations
thei Fulfillment through
ndtheir
and it To Be,To Get', To Become' ? Justity your right priority
The Basic
Human
Understanding and
Resolution, with examples.
Right
wes
Questions-Answers

A. Basic Aspirati ons

1. The basic root of all our aspirations and the resulting actions
Answer 1ype tions
Long Answer Type sand Medium are continuous happiness and prosperity.
2. All our wants result from the basis of our desire to be happy.
3. Whether we want the highest marks or the best job, the
What are the basie aspirations of a uman underlying desire is to attain continuous happiness.
e 11.
explain.
being ? Define and 4. Every time we achieve a particular 'want', we want more as
we want this feeling to continue.
Answer 5. Similarly, when we have more than enough of physical
Basic Aspirations: facilities, we feel a sense of prosperity, which is also vital to
of a human being:
Following are the basic aspirations our sense of happiness.
1. Every human being aspires to be happy. All his efforts are 6. So both continuous happiness and prosperity are the main
toward this end. reasons for all our endeavours.
2 The outcome from his efforts depends on the focus of the B. Itis To Be', To Get', To Become':
efort, specifically on his notions about happiness.
1. Let us say, you want to be the first ranker in the class. Now,
3. When these notions are right, the outcome behind this desire to get the first rank, is there a more basic
happiness. desire? Why do you want to get the first rank ? Ifyou keep
4 When the notions are wrong, the outcome is unhappiness. asking this question, you will find that there is a basic desire.
What is this desire, is it to be happy ? Yes, it is.
5. On closer observation, that every human being
we can see
aspires for a way of life which ensures happiness for all Take any other want or desire and you will find the same
human beings living in
harmony with nature. thing. You will find that each of you wants emerges from
6.
the basic aspiration to be happy. This can be verified by each
At an individual
level, happiness is harmony and integraion one of you.
among all four
dimensions within the self-thought,
Behaviour, Work and Realization. Que1.3 What are the requirements to fulill basic
1. At
the level of society, individuals aspire to ensure human aspirations?
and integration four
harmony OR
and Nature. among levels-Individual, Family, Do What is the solution to our present state?
8 This is the
aspiration; this is the desire, this is the innat
need of every human being, regardless castes
of age, gender, caste,
creed, nation and
beliefs.
 On
Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 1-5W (C0-Sem-7)
Answer State: 2. If we ignore any of these states
or situations, if we have
1. Solution to Our Present incomplete understanding of any state or situation we live
The need right understanding
for in, then we risk becoming unhappy and uncertain in that
The three basic requirements to ensure happiness state or level.
i.
human beings are
3 In order to ensure happiness and its continuity, we need to
prosperity for make sure we cover all states and situations we live in.
a. Right understanding.
4 As humans there are several situations we live in. There
b. Relationships. are many levels to our living that starts with ourselves and
c. Physical facilities. to around us, namely, the people we
expands
with
include things
i. Living only with physicalfacilities is animal consciousnes
ess
live on daily
a basis ie.,
our family, the larger society
and living with all these three is human consciousness we live in, the nature we are dependent on.

ii. In the modern times, we are mostly not paying attention

to PART 2
right understanding and relationships and are focusine
largely on physical facilities most of the time. As human All-EncompassingResolution for a Human Being, its Details
beings, all the three are needed for us. and Solution of Problems in the Light ofResolution
2 Importance/Need for Right Understanding:
Right understanding helps to create harmony at all four levels Questions-Answers
ofhuman living. Right understanding enables us to:
i. Resolve the issues in human Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions
relationships.
ii. Be prosperous.
ii. Enrich nature.
iv. Work out our Que 1.5. Discuss happiness and unhappiness.
requirements for physical facilities.
v.
Correctly distinguish between wealth and Answer
vi. Understand the harmony in nature. prosperity Happiness:
vii. Right understanding forms the basis on 1 Happiness results froma variety offeelings that are efortless
for which we can work
relationships and also acquire physical facilities. and comes naturally to us.
2. Trust, honesty, respect, confidence, etc., are feelings that
Que14.What do you mean by we welcome with open arms at all times.
why is this needed ? right understanding and
3. They lead us to a state of harmony within us and with others
Answer around us.
1. In order to
find out
need to find
find out
out the wo what sthis right
right understanding is, we
on which our the various situations
happiness depends. or understandinEin
e in,
states
we
1-6W (CO-Sem-7) Introducti 1-7 W (C0-Sem-7)
Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively
4. friend, they feel a sense
For instance, if a person trustsretlected
a ar
between Prosperity and Wealth:
also in their interaction B. Difference
mutual harmony, which is
with others around them. S. No. Prosperity Wealth
state where there is harmony all aroundd. refers to the Wealth refers to the state of
5. Thus, happiness is a 1. Prosperity
Unhappiness: state of having an being having an
rich or

of contradiction abundance of material abundanceof material assets

1. Unhappiness is the result of any kind and money.

with any other person, assets and money as well
struggle or conflict within us or as other contributing|
2. For instance, if a person does not trust a friend, both of like health and
them will feel uncomfortable and will not like the situation. | factors
happiness.
3. So mistrust, dishonesty, lack of respect and lack of confidence Wealth is the origin of the
2. Prosperity is derived
are some feelings that lead to unhappiness.
from the adjective adjective wealthy.
prosperous.
goe16.Whatdo you understand by prosperity ? What Wealth is a kind of
is the diference between prosperity and wealth ? How 3. Prosperity includes
are the two related? wealth as well as other prosperity.
factors.
Answer
A. Prosperity: C. Relation:
1. It is clear that prosperity is linked to material Wealth is a kind of prosperity.
or physical facilities possessions 1.
well as other factors.
Prosperity includes wealth
as
2.
All
2 the physical things we need to take care of our body vision of a happy and
needs con.stitute these physical facilities. Que 1.7. What is present
3. prosperous life ?
Once have
we
enough of these physical facilities, we feel
prosperous. Thus, prosperity is the Answer
than enough feeling of having more are generally trying
to achieve
physical facilities. 1. In the current scenario, we and
maximizing accumulation
4. To understand happiness and prosperity by
need of physical prosperity, we need to correctly assess u consumption of physical
facilities.
facilities and be able to make through pleasant
than enough of these facilities. available
more
2. This is an attempt to achieve happiness
sensory interactions.

facilities are not seen in terms offulfilling bodily

3.
3. The physical happiness.
needs but as a m e a n s of maximizing
assessment of wants
for physical
4. This has resulted in wrong self-defeating.
But this pursuit is
facilities as being unlimited.
 1-8W (CO-Sem-7) oduction
Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 1-9 W (CO-Sem-7)
5. Neither can we hope happinee.
to achieve continuous ess
we
through sensory interactions nor can nave prosperity, a
it amounts to trying to fulfill unlimited wants through limited Que1.9, Critically examine the prevailing notions of
resources.
happiness in the society and their consequences.
6. This effort is engendering problems at all the levels. Iting
is
becoming anti-ecological and anti-people, and threatening
the human survival itself.
1. In the present scenario,we are trying to achieve happiness
accumulation and consumption of physical
by maximizing
facilities. This is an attempt to achieve happiness through
Que 18. What are the symptoms of a happy person ? pleasant interaction.
Describe briefly. The physical facilities are not seen in terms offulfilling needs
2.
Answer requirements but as a means of maximizing happiness.
Though it may come in different forms for different people, 3. This thinking is not fit for the assessment of physical facilities.
is in
most human beings are in pursuit of the same thing: We have to make efforts to gain over happiness which
members.
happiness. a state of liking or harmony among the society

1. They live their life with integrity: Living a life that's in 4. Ifwe think about the consequences of happiness related to
line with your own values and belief is society, these are following:
important for
happiness. i. Casteism.
2. They have embraced living in the moment: You're fully i. Naxalism.
awake and aware, and concentrate
the present, rather than
your energies on enjoying
ii. Terrorism.
worrying about the past or the future.
3. They express gratitude iv. Communalism.
the things you have-and regularly: Being grateful for
sharing that gratitude-will lead to v. Revolution.
feelings of satisfaction and happiness.
4. Their work satisfies them: vi. Ethical struggle.
If you find satisfaction in the vii. Wars between nations.
things you do, then you're well on
life. to
your way living a happy vii. Fear of nuclear and genetic warfare.
5. They enjoy harmonious
relationships: Practice respect ix. Lack of interaction.
and patience as you go about your day, whether youre
interacting with family, co-workers X. Lack of trust.
or with
6. They aren't afraid of your partner. notion
ue 1.10 What are the consequences of prevailing
opportunities change can change Stay open to the
bring.
:
of happiness and prosperity?
7. They enjoy the
simple things: Taking pleasure in
things will help you build a big picture of sna Answer
and
happiness. , I t is becoming anti-ecological and anti-people,
Some of the
survival itself.
threatening the human below:
consequences ofsuch trend are summarized
1-10W (CO-Sem-7) Introdu
duction
Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 1-11 W (CO-Sem-T)n
of depressjion
2. At the level of individual rising problems
-

stress, insecurity, etc.

psychological disorders, suicides, a What is the meaning of prosperity ? How can

3. At the level of family breaking of joint families, mistrust.

-

you say that you a r e prosperous?

and conflict between older and younger generations
insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry tortures, etc.
At the level of society - growing incidence of terrorism and Prosperity : Refer Q. 1.6, Page 1-6W, Unit-1.
4
naxalism, rising communalism, spreading casteism, racial 11. We are trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by
maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical
and ethnic struggle, wars between nations,
etc.
facilities.
5. At the level ofnature-global warming, water, air, soil, noise
etc. pollution, resource depletion of minerals and mineral 2. It is becoming anti-ecological andanti-people, and
oils, etc.
threatening the human survival itself.
3. For prosperity, two things are required:
6. All the problems are a direct outcome of an incorrect
understanding, our Wrong notion about happiness and i. Identification of the required quantity of pbysical facilities,
prosperity and their continuity. and
ii. Ensuring availability / production of more than required
What is happiness and prosperity ? Are they physical facilities.
related to each other ?Can happiness be obtained without 4. We can be prosperous only if there is a limit to the need for
prosperity? Explain. physical facilities. If there is no limit what so ever be
the
OR availability the feeling prosperity cannot be assured.
of
What is prosperity ?Is it different from happiness? 5. Secondly, just assessing the need is not enough. We need
to

A be able to produce or make available more than the perceived

need.
Happiness : Refer Q. 15, Page1-5W, Unit-1.
Prosperity: Refer Q. 1.6, Page 1-6W, Unit-1. Que 1.13 Give the appropriate reasons, why people a r e
1 Happiness and prosperity are not related to each other. not living a prosperous life ?
2 Prosperity helps to remain in state of happiness but it doesn't
push towards happiness. Anwor living a
Following are the reasons that why people
are not
3
There are so many stories depicting about how a beggar prosperous life:
lives a happy and self content
life while a king has wealth
but he is unhappy and 1. Clarity:
unsatisfied. want in life.
Many people don't know what they truly
4
Prosperity leadsoneself to reduce tensions in day to day
i.
life,
but if someone is what they desire and where
then it can't. greedy and thrive for more wealtn ii. They have not clarified exactly 5 even 3 months
years
they want to be within year,
a

5 Good health, right attitude

towards life, honesty these thing
leads to happiness.
1-12 W (CO-Sem-7)
ntroduction Understanding the
Human Being Comprehensively 1-13 W (CO-Sem-7)

where they are going hey

Because they
don't
know
totally forge
dritt
rgetting that they want 6. The norm:
ii. grind, work. It's too hard".
the daily be bothered. This is too much
along with i. " can't cannot be bothered to achievve
to attain
true prosperity. Some persons simply
prosperity.
2 A clear path: have a goal for
their life, yet
yet t they do not in a trance, in a numb existence, going
that ii. They live each day
are some
They how to attain it. and have no desire to change their
along with the status-quo
know
never actual
and never actually ma lives for the better.
the motions daily
i. They go through
decision to
attain their goal.
7. Out-grow our peers:
We may be hesitant to
conscious
a
i. Some people don't want change.
vision because once we do achieve
3. Struggle: achieve our dreams, goals,
trying to live a
lite
ofhappiness, wealth reduce our inventory of what is actually
Many are desperately true prosperity it may
and success. possible for us.
prosperity but vet o u r friends
focused on achieving true ii. I t may mean that
we grow beyond o u r partner,
i. They are
themselves struggling
to attain it.
constantly find and our family.
that actually prevent them from being
ii. It is this struggle 8 Negativity:
drawn to it our
truly prosperous. Our lives are stuck by the negativity
we a r e
i daily lives.
4 Fear:
going forward to
from want to outdo their co workers
i This one 4-letter word prevents us
ii. Alarge percentage of persons that
friends with the amount and magnitude problems
desire. What will our family think? Will of
achieve all that we or
our friends still like us? they have.
because of total lack and shortage and that
i. A very high percentage of persons fear success ii. Most of u s live our lives in
how it will affect us and our relationship with others. true prosperity.
prevents u s from achieving
5. Conditioning: 9. Courage:
takes courage to make
i. As children and young adults our environment affects a great It takes courage to be prosperous. It
deal of our 'conditioning' and has a profound effect on the that decision and that change.
way we think, act and live. our vision of true
ii. We need to focus o u r thoughts towards
vision.
i.
Our environment here could include our parents our friends prosperity and hold to that
there is nothing
television, politics, religion, school courses and our ii. Once we have the courage and the beliefs,
ii. For example, the TV
jov we cannot achieve.
may constantly bombard us with images
of prosperous
as crooks or gangsters or 10. Beliefs
as ely or selfie1unhappy,
lonely selfish. If we really believe d want They
a lead a this, who woul 1. "It can't happen to us. Prosperity is for other people.
prosperous, successful life? were born with a silver spoon in their mouth".
to think that being poor
equals
. We are programmed
happiness.
1-14 W (CO-Sem-7) Introduction Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 1-15 W (C0-Sem-7)
how we live our lives -
affects
ii. Our belief system totally back from
t From Physical Facilities:
our true potential
these beliefs that hold us and
1. We that we have assumed that accumulation of
can see
our true prosperity.
wealth is the only thing we need, this is an incorrect
state today 7
And why are we
in Having wealth is necessary, but not sufficient
Que L14 What is our assumption.
for prosperity.
this state ?
we can exploit
2. Same is with the nature we have assumed that
Anser
difference nature and that nature is solely for our consumption.
we can see the ween
1. Looking at the figure
to be and what we actually are? 3. Assumption we made can be wrong, and we are
right or
what we really want
mostly unaware of our assumptions. Since we are not aware
Since our basic desire is happiness and prosperity
and its
2 we find that our current of our assumption we haven't checked if our assumptions
continuity, but on investigation,
are naturally acceptable to u8.
state is quite unlike it.
4. As result most of our interactions with
a people and with
In Relationships:
to be people, we keep
interacting with a lot of physical facilities lead to problems.
1. We seem
in our relationships, but we
getting ourselves into trouble
don't seem to understand the first thing about relationships- Que 1.15. What are the four levels of our living? Explain
the expectations. them.
2. Problems in relationships can really disturb a person's state
nswer
of mind to a very large extent. We live a significant portion with the help of
Living in harmony at all levels of living
of our lives in relationships.
rightunderstanding:
Relationships with Humans Physical Facilities 1. At the level of Myself:
i. Self-exploration with the help of natural acceptance and
Our
Natural Acceptance
Humans Animals experiential validation helps td develop a sense of right
what we really Want mutual fulfillment Necessary but Necessary and
want to be)
understanding.
not complete complete
ii. This right understanding helps me to understand myself
(Expectation) Want:
clearly, and helps me to develop a feeling of satisfaction,
Prosperity and happiness (harmony) in myself.
Enrich nature prosperity
Relationships with humans
what we really are) Physical facilities 2. At the level of Family:
i. Right understanding helps me to understand others feelings
Have Problems at
Reality) multiple Humans Animals and expectations in a better way.
levels leading to unhappiness
Necessary but Necessary and ii. This ensures harmony in family.
not complete complete
3. At the level of Society:
large group of people called the
How we are today i. Our family is a part of a
Having a feeling of deprivation
Destroying nature society.
 Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 1-17 W (C0-Sem-)
1-16 W (C0-Sem-7)
Introduction
7. The transformation from animal consciousness to human
with others in our family consciousness is integral for humans. This qualitative
ii. Aswe understand our relationships in the
others society and can
can improvement in consciousness is what makes us different
we also start understanding
relations with everyone. from animals.
maintain fulfilling
At the level of Nature/ Existence:
called nature.
i. We live in a large eco-system
that exist in nature.
ii. Existence refers to all the things VERY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
with the society, we
ii. Once we learn to maintain harmony These questions
towards the plants, trees, Following questions are very important.
also develop a feeling of concern SESSIONALS as well a s
animals etc., in nature.
may be asked in your
UNIVERSITYEXAMINATION.
iv. Hence right understanding leads to mutual fulfillment with
nature.

Que 116 What do you mean by human and animal1 Q.1. What arethe basic aspirations ofa human being?
consciousness ? Define and explain.
Ans Refer Q. 1.1, Unit-1.
nsw
Human and Animal Consciousness: Q.2. How do you look at your basic aspirations? Is it
1. Human and animal consciousness comes into play with
To Be', To Get', To Become ? Justify your right
priority with examples.
regard to physical facilities. Refer Q. 1.2, Unit-1.
Ans
2. Physical facilities can easily be termed as living in animal1
consciousness since one is only concerned with satisfying basic human
physical urges or desires. Q.3. What a r e the requirements to fulfill
aspirations?
3.
For instance, your pet afterwill happy
dog be with the food you Ans: Refer Q. 1.3, Unit-1.

give it and be content eating. It does not think about

how the food was prepared or presented to it. Q.4. Discuss happiness and unhappiness.
4 However, for human, it becomes very important to cook Ans Refer Q. 1.5, Unit-1.
food in different ways and to present it
nicely on the dining What is present vision ofa happy and prosperous
table. Q.5.
5. life?
Thus, physical facilities are not everything that a human Ans Refer Q. 1.7, Unit-1.
being desires. This is what differentiates humans from
animals. happy person ?
Q.6. What are the symptoms of a
6. Living with right understanding, relationship and Describe briefly.
facilities together is called human physical Refer Q. 1.8, Unit-1.
consciousness. A
 Human Being & its Expane
2-2 W (C0-Sem-7)
Understanding Expansion Understanding the
Human Being Comprehensively

It also helps in establishing proper

us become self-confident.
between the self and the body.
PART11 synergy
with other people, the m o r e w e
Since w e a r e in relationship
Understanding trough iv. the m o r e w e understand
the other
The Domain of Right understand ourselves,
Understanding the Human Being. them.
and o u r relationship with
person as well,
better understand our program, i.e.
v. Lastly, it allows u s to want and
or what do w e ultimately
Questions-Answers what is valuable to us,
What is o u r program ?
Type Questions how do w e fulfill them;
and Medium Answer
Long Answer Type is
I the seer, doer and enjoyer. The body
Que 2.2. am

my instrument, explain.
?
Que 2.1.Why should I study myself
AnsWer
OR wwww.w

How does it The Seer:

Why is it important to study yourself ? help
who understands and is also known
as
in your day-to-day life? 1. The Seer is the one

the Drasta'.
are the instruments
Answer 2. One sees through the eyes, but the eyes
1. In our search for harmony in all the spheres of our life, the of the self.
first entity we come across is ourselves. 3. It is the self that instructs the eyes to see.
2. We spend the
maximum of our time in ourselves, The eyes do not themselves process the
information they
'with'
ourselves-we keep having thoughts and feelings and plans
4.
information.
see n o r understand that
but we are mostly lost or preoccupied in
thinking about other 5. It is the Selfthat analyses the information and
understands
things rather than ourselves most of the time.
1t.
3. Knowing ourselves better helps us in the following ways
6. So one says, I saw it.
The Self (T) is the basis of
and
everything we do. All the desires
7. Moreover, apart from seeing outside, the Seer is also
able to
expectations we have : be it to be famous, get marks,
get a great job, become a see within without the use of eyes.
politician,
inour family, or wanting rasgulla, having
it is all
good relationships
there in T. Hence, 8. In other words, the Seer 'sees' when the individual is happy
it becomes
important
and activities in 'T, so
to understand these
desires, thoughts or sad, angry or upset.
that we know whether 9. Sometimes the self'sees' and 'understands' through the body
they are rignt: 9.
i. Happiness and unhappiness are states in and sometimes without the help of the body.
we the Self(T). Hence,
need to
study ourselves
and the causes for to understand
unhappiness. happiness bet The Doer:
ii. Studying ourselves helps us 1. The Doer is the one who does and is also known as thee
have more
gain clarity about clarity about
we are Karta'.
within. As we
ourselves, it heip
 2-5 W (CO-Sem-)
Being & its Expansion Human Being Comprehensively
w (CO-Sem-7)
Understanding Human Understanding the
perceiver.
the body to carry out various Experiencer, feeler or
The selfis the one that instructs 1.
Doer or performer.
tasks. 2.
different parts to do different Learner o r knower.
selftells the body to use its 3.
The 3.
things. 1. Experiencer::
to eat and then the bodv
For instance, the selftells the body Life is series of experiences.
uses its hands to put
food into the mouth and the food is i.. a
classroom-we learn from
can
a r e like a
ii. These experiences
chewed and swallowed. and build the future with care and
the past experiences
So one says, I ate the food'. positive a t t i t u d e .

The self makes the choices and the body

carries out the act
a r e considered a s a classroom,
they can be
ii. Ifall experiences understanding of the life.
accordance with the wishes of the self.
in valuable tools in providing deeper
in the
Thus, the self is the Doer and the action is expressed through iv. To the contrary,
it will be of no avail to remain
the body. lessons (experiences) being
classroom and keep reacting to
The Enjoyer: learnt.
The enjoyer is the one who enjoys and is also known as the Doer:
2.
Bhokta'. feeler o r perceiver
i. With the development of the experiencer,
the notion I am the doer
When an action is carried out, for instance eating delicious aspect ofthe human personality,
food, the self is the one who enjoy's it. also becomes deeply rooted (false T").
The body has simply been an instrument to put food into ii. This is duality (Doojaa Bhaav).
the mouth and to chew it. or a n instrument of doing,
ii. In reality we all a r e just a channel
The enjoyment is done on the part of the self. So one not the doers.
says,'T
enjoyed the food'. we forget this
iv. However, with the rise of false ego-sense,
One can safely conclude that there is as the doers.
continuity in being truth and mistakenly take ourselves
the Seer, the Doer and the enjoyer.
3. Knower:
All are part of the self, and the body is simply an instrument i. These first two aspects of the human personality (i..,
f carrying out the wishes of the self. in both humans and
experiencer" and "doer") a r e
common

23. How do you understand the human being as animals.

(i.e., "learner)
knower, the experience and the doer ? ii. It is this third aspect of human personality
animals.
that separates humans from
OR mistakes, and can
lain the human ii. Humans can learn from their own
personality structure. from within and
experience deeper understanding unfolding
of harmony and
towards the understanding
wer move upward
he
Bliss (Anand).
human personality structure consists of the
aree: following
 2-6 W CO-Sem-7) Understanding HumanB
Being &its ansion Understandi Human Being Comprehensively 2-7 W (CO-Sem-T)

PART 2 Every
'place' itself is 'space'.
2.
Right Understanding througth Under Standing Transparent- Paardarshee (Part) : Reflecting, every unit
i sable to recognize the other unit by being init
Nature /Buistence-its lnterromaectedness and Co-Existence
is able

4
Dermeating-Paargaami
units
(TTt) :Space exists 'where' there
s0aked in space.
are
QuestionsAnswers is a unit,

LongAnswer Type and Medium Answer ype Questions 6.

Omnipotence
-
Satta (m) : Energy in equilibrium; that
increases, nor decreases.
neither
a Has no activity -

Kriyashunya ( ) : Inactive, not a

Qae 24 What all entities are there in existence ? unit', unchanging.
is equilibriumit is
7What we call as 'empty space not 'empty';
and the fundamental for all activity (at
Ans energy itself
source

in existence.
There are only two kinds the atomic level) in the entire universe,
of entities in existence
1. Units, or Nature (Matter, Mass, Que 25 Draw the chart showing in detail, the different
are 'active'. Substance, Material)- that
in space.
2.
categories of units of nature in co-existence
All-pervasive space (Omnipresence) -

is 'inactive'.
Units or Matter AINWer
1. They are "saturated" 1. Units:
(samprikt) in the
(vyaapak vastu), currently all-pervasive-entity
called space. i Unit is something that is limited in size.
2. To be "saturated means to be: i. Like a small blade of human hair to the biggest planets
we

3. Soaked (bheega) By which

(TyA) bounded on six sides.
know of, they are all limited in sizeie.,
every unit is
(3fa) energized-"oorjit"', i. So, all the tlings we have been studying so far: the
human
various atoms
4. Encircled (ghira)
:By which every unit is lumps of matter as well as
beings, animals,
(FTATR) restrained-niyantrit, and molecules, are all units.
countable.
5.
recognize them as such, they
are
Submerged (dooba) By which every unit
. We can
kriyasheel", (faita) is active -

2. Space:
Space Space can be defined as an unlimited entity.
1.
All-pervasive-vyaapak
space is not. (4%) : there is nike unit i.e., it has no size
therefore it cannot
and obeys certain
bebounded.
no
place' where Space maintains certain regularity
laws.
 2-8 W (CO-Sem-7) Understanding Human Being & its Expansion Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 2-9 W (CO-Sem-7)

ii. Space is reflecting, this means that it can be explained in Existence

terms of its relation with other object.
IV. For example we say there is space in between the book you
Units (Nature)
Space (All-pervading)
are reading and you.
. Space is also transparent i.e., there is no obstruction in space. Material
3. Co-existence:
Conscious
Relationship in this kind of co-existence is based mutual
on

respect for the diversity. Material order| Pranic order|

Animal order
ii. The groups in this relationship embrace each otheer Atom Cells Plant
differences and have got equal access to resources and
opportunities. Molecule Plants

ii. The environment is that of peace, social cohesion, justice Human order
Molecular Animals Body
and equality, mutual tolerance, respect the differences in Structure

opinion, and living non-violently. This flow is

Human Body Development
(non cyclic)
iv. The following chart explains the relationship between the cyclic
different orders of nature. Que 2.6.Differentiate between unit and spacce
v. We can see that all the four orders in nature exist in
harmony. Answer
vi. This is already there in nature and need not to be created. Difference between Unitsand Space:
vii. Units in the nature are limited in size and self organized. S. No. Units Space
vii.Space is unlimited and there is constant reflecting energy 1. Unit entities are limited. Space entities are unlimited.
available in the all pervading space. 2. They are materialistic in They are conscious in nature.
ix. Only human and animal orders have received the nature.
consciousness of self. 3. They are active. They show no activity.
x. The material order undergoes constant structural 4. They undergo structural|They do not undergo structural|
changes.
xi. The conscious order does not change. change. They are continuous.
undergo structural change. 5. They can be energized. Energy is always in equilibrium
xi. The conscious units can learn and
therefore they know, in space.
assume, recognize and fulfill.
6. Each unit can recognize and | Since everything is transparent
fulfill its thus, they reflect things.
therefore
relationship with other
members of the unit

7. Example: Four orders of | Example: Space is all pervading

nature. entity.
 Understanding Human Being & its
2-10 W (CO-Sem-7) xpansion Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 2-11 W (CO-Sem-7)

What do you
understand by existence
nce and co
Que 2:7.
existencer Answer
Role of Human being in Existence:
Answer
Existence'. Today. 1, If you look around, everything that we see can be put into
Everything
1. come that exists is called w
have one of the following four orders
to assume that things are in ran arrangeme
is in chaos. i. Material Order -example: soil, water, air, etc.
and that the Universe
ii. Plant/ Bio Order example: grass, plants, trees, flowers,
-

existence 1s co-existence
is
2. However, the reality that itself fruits, etc.
in orderliness.
is in harmony,
i . Animal Order - example: animal, birds, etc.
3 The things' we see around u8-animals, plants and thinos iv. Human Order-example: human being.
like stones, minerals, etc are in 'self-organization' and
participate in the larger orderliness. 2 Each one of us can recognize all these four orders around
ourselves and see that together these four orders comprise
4. Existence, is just not just the 'material' things we see around
of all the units that we see and understand around us.
us (like rocks, plants, etc), but also consists of 'space' and
see that
conscious units, called jeevan'. 3. inspection of these orders, we can
On close
the first three orders
easily
except human order, are
5.
Thus, 'co-existence, means the existence of material and interconnected.
conscious units in all pervasive 'space'.
4. The relationship between the first three orders is in such a
6. There is a definite progression' in existence:
plants evolve way that they all fulfill each other and co-exist with each
from matter, and animals evolve from
plants and so on. other.
5. On looking at the connectedness with human beings, we
PART-3 find that :
Understanding the Role of Human being in . Each of these three orders is fulfilling to the human order.
Existence (Human Conduct) i. Human natural acceptance to be mutually fulfilling these
entities.
fulfillment.
6. However, we are not able to ensure this mutual
Questions-Answers
7. We are dependent on the material order for soil, minerals
Long Answer Type and Medium and metals but only end up polluting the soil and depleting
Answer Type Questo the fossil fuel, metals, ete.
What is the role of 8. We are dependent of animals to carry out our production
human being in existence and transportation activities, but also made many
animal

What are the OR species extinct.

four orders in nature ? How can
order be responsible to the other nan
On the other hand, if weexplore our natural acceptance,
we

three orders the n 9.

find that we want to live harmoniously
with nature.

10. This is important for our own happine8s.

 Understanding Human Being & its Expansi.
sion Human Being Comprehensively 2-13 W (cO-Sem-7)
2-12 W (CO-Sem-7)
Understanding the
we need to be properly understand units. They neither be
relationships transformed into smaller can
11. These
created nor destroyed.
orders existing in nature
Que 5 Explain the four For example, the atomic energy release and generated
o n e another ? C.
inter-linked to and fusion.
How a r e they during nuclear fission
OR ii. Plant/Bio Order:
characteristics of the foour cell organism like fungi, algae
Briefly explain
the natural a. They comprise from single
shrubs and trees.
orders in nature. to water plants, herbs,
OR nutrition from outside, digest,
b. They can reproduce, accept
nature ? Describe thein assimilate and grow
What are the four orders in
animal and to the human
natural c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ? They also provide nutrition to the
activities and C.
order.
order is to
OR d. Therefore the natural characteristic of this
in nature. How do nurture.
Describe various orders of harmony of plant
a whole? Explain But excess ofnutrition or unregulated consumption
they support universal system as e.

briefly. products can harm or "worsen" our body.

ii. Animal Order
OR a. The members of this order are living things.
order.
What are the natural characteristics of the material and b. They share many of the features of the plant
pranic orders ? Explain. c. They have greater degree oflocomotion than plants.
d. The natural characteristic of this order is that they
realize or they are aware of the fact that there exists
Answer intellectual
1. All the four orders material, plant, animal and human have the quality of Self (I) therefore they have an
certain core values. faculty.
is
2. e. This awareness also brings in the excess which cruelty
These can also be called as their natüral
characteristics or as they know that they can fulfll their needs by violence
svabhava. other orders or
and cruelty towards members of the
3. Thereis mutual
fulfillment among four orders, these orders are within their own order.
i. Material Order: iv. Human Orderr:
Most of the members of the four orders.
They are the most evolved species of
a.
this order are non living a.
Also, various forms of thngs natural characteristics
magnetism and
energies like sound, light, hea, b. They are living beings and their
gravitational energy are also part of T are similar to the
characteristics of the plant and the
order.
animal order.
b. The fundamental characteristic of conscious.
this order They are independent and self
composition/decomposition.
compose bigger things and They can come
togethe to
also bigger units ca be
2-14 W (C0-Sem-7) Understanding Human Being & its Expansi.
ansion 2-15 W CoSem-)
Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively
d. They have virtues like
generosity. These abilitiesperseverance,
are peculiar to bravery
them, and Que310 What is harmony in existence ? Differentiate
e. But human nature tends to déviate
from its has. nature and space.
characteristics. This has given rise to many conflicts asic
contradictions in their basic nature. and
Harmony:
Material Order 1. The aggregate of all the mutually interacting units big o r
-

soil, air, water, ete

small, sentient or insentient together can be
called nature.

2. These units a r e infinite in number and we could easily

observe that there exists a dynamic balance, self regulation
among all these units.

3. This self regulation is harmony or balance in nature.

Plant Order
plants, Human Order 4. The law of nature has a unique cause and effect system
berbs buman

beings which must be understood in order to be in harmony with

the natural law of things.
Natural harmony is necessary for the following
reasons:
Animal Order 1. Natural harmony is necessary to solve the problem ofglobal
animai, birds
Fig. 2.9.1 warming and depletion of non-renewable natural resource
can be avoided.
Order 2. Natural harmony with trees cure all problems like -

Things reduction of wind velocity, energy savings, doing companion

Material order
Soil, water, Natural Characteristic
metals, etc. Composition/ decomposition planting, development of an eco-subsystem in terms of
Pranic order establishing a forest garden, reduction of building heat.
Plants and trees 3. It is possible to achieve natural harmony in the
Animal order Composition/ decomposition establishment, maintenance and management of educational
Animals and + nurture/ worsena
birds institution like schools, colleges and universities.
(Composition /
decomposi
nurture/ worsen)
ition, 4.
Human order in body One can understand the depths of harmony and alignment
Human beings +non cruelty, cruelty) in in natural by contemplating and reflecting upon the natural
'T order.
Composition /decomposition
nurture/ worsen) 6.
perseverance, bravery,body+ t is possible to unravel the mystery of the natural synthesis
in the midst of ongoing chaos at the material plane.
generosity) in 'T
 APaNsiOn Understanding the Human Being
Comprehensiveig
2-16 W (CO-Sem-7)

and Space: which is physico-chemical in

Difference
between Nature 7. This is at the level of the body,
nature.
live' in T.
Nature
in this order have the will to
S. No. 8. In addition, all units this 'will
Space is unlimited. order can be separated from
Nature is limited.
Indeed no unit in this order.
1 Space shows no activity. intrinsic to every unit in this
Nature is active. to live'. It is
'existence
2. human being, we and that
be Energy is always in
equilibrinm 9. When we look at the
entities can
ium present in the body, just as
and 'growth' are fundamentally
Nature
3. in space.
energized.
in the animal body.
orders of Example : Space is all pervad:
4. Example: Four
entity. ading 10. At the level of T however,
in addition to the will to live, a
nature.
human being's innateness is the 'will to live with happiness'.
also wants to live
innateness ? 11. Each one of us not only wants to live but
What do you m e a n by
What is the t
with happiness.
four orders ? order and it
innateness in the innateness of the human
12. This is the
characterises the human order.
Ansrer Innateness
Innateness:
Order Things
to exist naturally water, Existence
1. Innateness means
Material order| Soil,
metals, etc.
Each unit in existence exhibits innateness an intrinsic Existence + growthh
2. Pranic order Plants and trees
that cannot be separated from it. Animals and birds| (Existence + growth) in body
quality Animal order
+will to live in T
3. We refer to this principle as Innateness'. Existence+ growth) in body + will
Human order Human beings
4. This is intrinsic to the unit. Look at all the material order. to live with happiness in T

Innateness in the Four Orders: Gathanpurna,

Que 2.12.Define the terms Gathansheel,
1. It is possible to convert material things from one 'form ora Kriyapurnata and Acharanpurnata.
way being to another 'form or a way of being OR
andd
Gathanpurna
2. However, it is not possible to annihilate it. We cannot mase Explain Existence is Gathansheel and
and Acharanpurnata in
it cease to exist. also there is Kriyapurnata
3. The particles that make up that unit continue to exist. existence'.

4. Because the
plant/Bio order is a development of the maerial Anawor and
order, it also has the innateness of 'existence. Gathansheel: The material units a r e transformable,
hence these are
5. In addition, it also iple o their composition keeps on changing,
exhibits thhe
growth' cannot be separated from'growth'.
This princ
order gathansheel.
any units of this the sentient 'T,
it is of
plant/Bio order, it will grow. Gathanpurna: The other category of units hence
in composition,
6. The animal do not transform and are complete
body is a development of the ant/Bio order
and therefore this order
inherits planes o1of t gathan urna.
the
previous order namely 'existence' and innatenes
'growth.
 Understanding Human Being & its ExDan.ansion
2-18 W (CO-Sem-7)

U
Kriyapurnata : Completion of right understandine in
kriyapurnata.
human is called
being
Acharanpurnata : Ability to live with complete
called acharanpurnata.
understanding is
and their compositin
are transformable,
1. The material units these a r e gathansheel.
keeps on changing, hence
the sentient'T, do not transform
2. The other category ofunits, hence gathanpurna.
composition,
and are complete in
a r e changeful
(with activities of
units
3. The material the other kinds of
and fulfillment only) while
recognizing assuming.
units are continuous
(with activities of knowing,
units a r e available
and fulfillment). The material
recognizing order.
orders material order and pranic
-

in two
a n atom
combines with another atom
4. In the material order, molecular
molecule; a molecule similarly forms a
to form a
structure.
found in two forms: lumps and
5. Molecular structures are
order. In pranic order,
Fluids give nutrition to pranic
fluids.
combine with other
the smallest units plant cells which
are
and human bodies.
cells to form plants, animal bodies
animal body becomes the animal
6. The co-existence of'I'with the
of'T with the human body becomes
order, and the co-existence
the human order.
is called
7. Completion ofright understanding in human being complete
with
kriyapurnata and ability to live
understanding is called acharanpurnata.
.
That is the method to fulfill basic aspiration of
What
uman-being ? Is it same for everyone.
The basic requirements for fulfillment of human
The basic

aspirationsare
Bicht Understanding: Rightunderstanding helps us
to decide how we o r k for physical facilities and maintain
feelings of different relationship with others.
Relationship : in nature to create harmony there is a

basic need for affectionate relations with other

individuals.
facilities like food,
3 Physical Facilities : Physical need of all
clothes, shelter and protection are the basic
human beings.
of any human
12 What are the two basic aspirations
being? are the basic aspirations
Basic Aspirations: Following
ofa human being All his efforts
aspires to be happy.
Every human being The outcome from his efforts
toward this end.
are o n his
focus of the effort, specifically
depends on the
notions about happiness. the o u t e o m e
is mutual
2. When th
these notions a r e
right, the o u t c o m e is
en notions a r e wrong,
ppiness. When the
unhappiness.
13. Briefly explain happiness.
 erstanding the Human Being Comprehensively
8Q2Wc0Sem-7)
that sq-3Ww«CO-Sem-7
variety of feelings 3.
Happiness
results from
a
naturally to
u s . Trust, honest Living in society.
and welco 4. Living in nature/existence.
feelings that we
comes
effortless
a r e the
confidence, etc. us to a state oe
respect, They lead 1.8. What do you
at ali times. mean by right
others around us.
arms

Right understanding helps us tounderstanding?

with open
within us
and with
harmony decide how we work for
7
physical facilities and maintain feelings of different
14 What is
unhappinees
result of any kind
of contradiction relationship with others. It is one of the major tools for
Unhappiness is the other person. fulfillment of our aspirations, which
or with any and lackof basically need the
struggle or conflict within us transformation from animal consciousness to human
respect
of
Mistrust, dishonesty, lackthat lead to unhappiness. consciousness.
confidence are some
feelings
1.8. How can you say
difference between animal
our living ?
"Living in Society" is a level of
15. Explain the consciousness.
buman
consciousness and Living is society is a level that is lined with
living in
family since family is a subgroup of the
to physical facilities only, or to live larger
society. Society is composed of all people that wegroup
Giving all priorities
facilities, maybe termed into contact directly or come
solely on the basis of physical indirectly and all people upon
as 'Animal Consciousness. whom we depend directly or
understanding, relationship indirectly.
2. Livingwith allthree: Right
is called human consciousness'. 1.10. What is the
and physical facilities difference between belief and
and
understanding?
L6 What is the diference between prosperity AnDistinction between beliefs and
wealth ?
understanding
underpinned by evaluating following points:
can be
OR S. No. Belief
Discuss prosperity. Understanding
OR 1. Beliefs are the ad-hoc Correct
values. understanding is the
Define wealth. universal human values.
Prosperity: Prosperity is the feeling of having or They usually not the
making available more than required physical facilities. |They are same for everyone.
same for everybody.
To ascertain prosperity,two things are essential: 3. Beliefs
1 Correct
assessment of need for physical facilities. are assumed Understanding is evaluated
2. The competence of making available more than required values. values.
physical facilities. 4.
Wealth : Wealth is a physical thing. It Belief usually changes Understanding does not
having
means
money, or having a lot of physical facilities, or both.
with time. change with time.

1.7. What are the four

1.11. Discuss briefly mutual fulfillment and mental
levels of our living?
sThe four levels of our living are:
s
prosperity.
1. Living in Mutual fulfillment= Right understanding+
2.
myself.
Living in family. Mutual prosperity Relationship
=
Right understanding+ Physical
facilities.
 Introduction Understanding the Human Being Comprehensively 8Q-5W(COSem-)
SQ4W(C0-Sem-7) animal
difference
between
the c o n s c i o u s n e s s ,

2
1.12. Explain and
human
c o n s c i o u s n e s s

physical facilities
only, or to live Understanding Human
priorities to facilities, maybe termed
1. Giving all
solely
on the basis ofphysical being and its Expansion
UNIT
(2 Marks Questions)
as 'Animal Consciousness.
understanding, relationshin
three: Right
2. Livingwith all
facilities is called
human consciousness
and physical
2.1.
What are
structure?
the components of human personality
A Following the of human
are components personality
structure:
i. Experiencer, feeler or
perceiver.
ii. Doer or performer.
ii. Learner or knower.

2.2. Explain briefly Seer.

BE The Seer is the one who understands and is also known
as the Drasta'. The Seer sees when the individual is
happy or sad, angry or upset. Sometimes the Self sees
and understands through the body and sometimes
without the help of the Body.

2.3. Who is Enjoyer?

A The Enjoyer is the one who enjoys and is also known as
the 'Bhokta'. When an action is carried out, the Self is
the one who enjoys it.

2.4. Who is Doer ?

T h e Doer is the one who does and is also known as the
Karta'. The self is the one that instructs the body to
carry out various tasks. The self tells the body to use its
different parts to do different things.

2.5. Explain briefly how Selfis Conscious Entity ?

T h e Self or T has the ability to think, imagine, talk,
walk, work etc., and thus it is the Jeevan'. It possesses
the characteristic of being aware or conscious. Thus it is
called consciousness.
 Understandingt he Human Being Comprehensiv SQ-7W(COSem-7)
Understanding Human Being & its Expanesion
SQ6W(CO0-Sem-7) ii. Animal order.
the Material Entity
how the Body is iv. Human order.
2.6. Explain of knowin
does not have the activity
An entity that is a Material Ent
and fulfilling material order.
assuming, recognizing
able to recognize and fulfill. we 2.11. Discuss
Since, the Body is only a Material Entity.
. This order comprises of non-livingthings.Also, various
conclude that the Body is
can forms of energies like sound, light, heat etc are also
2.7. Define unit. part of this order. The fundamental characteristic of this
order is composition/decomposition.
that is limited in size.
i. Unit is something
ii. Like a small blade of human
hair to the biggest planets 2.12.Explain briefly plant/bio order.
we know of, they are all
limited in size i.e., bounded on ansThey comprise from single cell organism ike fungi, algae
six sides. to water plants, herbs, shrubs and trees. They can
i. So, all the things we have been studying so far: the human reproduce, accept nutrition from outside, digest,
assimilate and grow. They also provide nutrition to the
beings, animals, lumps of matter as well as various atoms
and molecules, are all units. animal and to the human order.

2.8. Define Space. 2.13. Define animal order.

A The members of this order are living things. They share
i. Space can be defined as an unlimited entity. many of the features of
the plant order. They have
The natural
ii. Unlike unit ie., it has no size therefore it cannot be greater degree of locomotion than plants.
or they
characteristic of this order is that they realize
bounded. But space maintains certain regularity and
are aware of the fact that
there exists the quality of self
obeys certain laws.
in. Space is reflecting, this means that it can be explained
D, therefore they have an intellectual faculty.
in terms of its relation with other object.

2.9. Define existence.

Understanding the self is the knowledge of self or T,
this is known as Jivan Gyan'. Understanding the
wledge of existence is the knowledge of Astitva.
The knowledge of human conduct is known as
Manaviyata Purna Acharan Gyan'. These three
knowledge put together forms the right understanding8
of existence.

2T0. Give the foitr orders of nature.

These are
i. Material order.
ii. Plant/Bio order.