UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

EXAMINATION: BE Sem VIII

COURSE CODE: ILO8029 COURSE NAME: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
TIME: 2 hours MARKS: 80
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Choose the correct option for following questions.

All the Questions arecompulsory and carry equal marks

1. Abiotic environment does not include

Option A: Soil
Option B: Water
Option C: Air
Option D: Plant

2. A relatively dense layer of band which is found in the thermosphere is

known as?
Option A: Troposphere
Option B: Mesosphere
Option C: Stratosphere
Option D: Ionosphere

3. The word environment is derived from French word

Option A: Environ
Option B: Environnering
Option C: E-Environner
Option D: Envo

4. Sunder LalBahuguna is famous for

Option A: Narmada Bachao Andolan
Option B: Tehri Bacho Andolan
Option C: Ganga Bacho Andolan
Option D: Jungle Bacho Andolan

5. Which of the following conceptual components of the environment are

effective transporters of matter?
Option A: Hydrosphere and lithosphere
Option B: Atmosphere and lithosphere
Option C: Atmosphere and hydrosphere
Option D: Lithosphere and biosphere
 6. Acid rain can be prevented by
Option A: Increasing the emission of SO2 and NO2
Option B: Decreasing the emission of SO2 and NO2
Option C: Increasing the emission of HCL and Phosphate
Option D: Decreasing the emission of HCL and Phosphate

7. To maintain ecological balance and regulate the population size of

different animals, this is useful
Option A: Sun chain
Option B: Wind chain
Option C: Food chain
Option D: Grass chain

8. The tropical grasslands in Africa with tall grasses scattered with shrubs
or stunted trees are called
Option A: Savannas
Option B: Pampas
Option C: Steppes
Option D: Prairies

9. Among the ecosystem mentioned below , where one can find

maximum biodiversity
Option A: Mangroves
Option B: Desert
Option C: Coral Reefs
Option D: Alpine meadows

10. Which of the following helped in the saving of trees?

Option A: Pouring of water
Option B: Developing of chemical manuals
Option C: Use of modern agriculture
Option D: Development of iron and steel

11. Which of the following model satisfies four conditions - Consistently

satisfactory,Sustainable economic performance, Ethical actions and
Behavior.
Option A: Spiral Model
Option B: Corporate Citizenship Model
Option C: Corporate Civil Model
Option D: Spiral Model

12. Supplying socially harmless products, Adopt fair pricing and Provide
goodservice after sales are responsibilities towards -
Option A: Consumer
Option B: Seller
Option C: Dealer
Option D: Manufacturer
 13. Which is not a decided component amongst the following to maintain
public health and safety to ensure quality of total environment?
Option A: Water
Option B: Air
Option C: Junk food
Option D: Radiation

14. CER stands for -

Option A: Corporate Environmental Responsibility
Option B: Complete Environmental Responsibility
Option C: Corporate Energy Responsibility
Option D: Corporate Environmental Response

15. The term ‘Municipal Solid Waste’ is used to describe which kind of solid waste?
Option A: Non toxic
Option B: Toxic
Option C: Non hazardous
Option D: Hazardous

16. ISO – 14001 gives stress on

Option A: Plan – Do -check -Act
Option B: Environmental protection
Option C: Prevention rather than detection
Option D: All of Above

17. What is not covered in the ISO-14000?

Option A: Adoption of environmental safety guideline
Option B: Energy audit in Industry
Option C: Adoption of clean environment
Option D: Adoption of environmental management system in industry or organization

18. Name the Ministry which deals with environment related issues
Option A: Ministry of Water Resources
Option B: Ministry of Forest
Option C: Ministry of Environment , Forests and Climate change (MoEFCC)
Option D: Ministry of Agriculture

19. Under Act, Rules relative to various aspects of management of

hazardous chemicals, wastes have been notified.
Option A: Water Act (1974)
Option B: Air Act (1981)
Option C: Environment Protection Act (1986)
Option D: Biodiversity Act (2002)
20. of the Constitution of India directs the State to protect and improve
theenvironment and safeguard wildlife and forests.
Option A: Article 51A
Option B: Article 58A
Option C: Article 1A
Option D: Article 48A
Q 2]
A) What are the different environmental issues relevant to India?
Some of the key issues are:
1) POLLUTION: Pollution of the air, water and soil caused by toxins such as
plastics, heavy metals and nitrates, caused by factors such as toxins and
gases released by factories, combustion of fossil fuels, acid rain, oil spill
and industrial waste.
2) GLOBAL WARMING: The emission of greenhouse gases due to human
activity causes global warming, which in turn causes an increase in
temperature that then leads to rising sea levels, melting of polar ice caps,
flash floods and desertification.
3) OVERPOPULATION: We are facing a shortage of resources such as food,
water and fuel to sustain the rising global population, particularly in
developing countries. Intensive agriculture attempting to lessen the
problem actually leads to more damage through the use of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides.
4) WASTE DISPOSAL: An excessive amount of waste is produced and
dumped in the oceans. Nuclear waste is particularly dangerous, as well as
plastics and electronic waste.
5) LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY: Species and habitats are becoming extinct due
to human activity. This causes an imbalance in natural processes like
pollination and poses a threat to ecosystems – coral reef destruction is
particularly affected.
6) DEFORESTATION: Loss of trees in order to make space for residential,
industrial or commercial projects means that less oxygen is produced, and
temperature and rainfall are affected.
7) OZONE LAYER DEPLETION: Pollution caused by chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) in the air creates a hole in the ozone layer, which protects the earth
from harmful UV radiation.
8) ACID RAIN: Pollutants in the atmosphere such as sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides cause acid rain, which has negative consequences for
humans, wildlife and aquatic species.
9) PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES: Lack of clean water is one of the leading
environmental problems currently. Pollutants in the air also cause issues
such as respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease.
B] State the various carrier opportunities in Environmental
management.
The list of specializations of Environmental Resource Management include Soil
Management, Water Management, Biodiversity Management and many other.
Specialists in one of these particular areas can start their career as
Environmental managers in the area they have studied.
C] Describe any two types of Ecosystems.
There are two types of ecosystem: Terrestrial Ecosystem & Aquatic Ecosystem

 Terrestrial Ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystems are exclusively land-based ecosystems. There are different
types of terrestrial ecosystems distributed around various geological zones. They are
as follows:
1) Forest Ecosystem
A forest ecosystem consists of several plants, animals and microorganisms that live
in coordination with the abiotic factors of the environment. Forests help in maintaining
the temperature of the earth and are the major carbon sink.
2) Grassland Ecosystem
In a grassland ecosystem, the vegetation is dominated by grasses and herbs.
Temperate grasslands, savannah grasslands are some of the examples of grassland
ecosystems.
3) Tundra Ecosystem
Tundra ecosystems are devoid of trees and are found in cold climates or where rainfall
is scarce. These are covered with snow for most of the year. The ecosystem in the
Arctic or mountain tops is tundra type.
4) Desert Ecosystem
Deserts are found throughout the world. These are regions with very little rainfall. The
days are hot and the nights are cold.

 Aquatic Ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystems are ecosystems present in a body of water. These can be further
divided into two types, namely:
1) Freshwater Ecosystem
The freshwater ecosystem is an aquatic ecosystem that includes lakes, ponds, rivers,
streams and wetlands. These have no salt content in contrast with the marine
ecosystem.
2) Marine Ecosystem
The marine ecosystem includes seas and oceans. These have a more substantial salt
content and greater biodiversity in comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.
D] What is the relation between Food chain & Food Web?
 A food web is an interconnection of food chains.
 Food chain is a linear pathway through which the nutritional energy flows.
 In a food chain the primary source is the sun, the producers make food, which
are in turn consumed by animals and it ends with the top predators.
 Eg- grass → grasshopper → frog → snake → eagle.
 Many linear network of food chains are linked in a food web.
 Therefore, food web is a series of organisms related by consumer-resource and
predator-prey interactions.
E] What is an EMS certification all about?

ISO 14001 improves environmental performance

Whether you’re developing or formalizing your environmental management
system (EMS), ISO 14001 certification can deliver more than regulatory
compliance and the ability to meet supplier requirements.
ISO 14001 helps businesses of all sizes across all sectors make their day to day
operations more sustainable. Sustainability can ultimately save money, improve
brand reputation, engage employees and build resilience against uncertainty as
well as the ability to rapidly adapt to change.

F] Give a brief account of Air (P and CP act).

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, or the Air Act, in short,
was a law passed by the Parliament of India to prevent and control the harmful
effects of air pollution in India. This act is seen as the first concrete step taken
by the government of India to combat air pollution.
Decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to
take appropriate steps for the preservation of the natural resources of the earth
which, among other things, include the preservation of the quality of air and
control of air pollution.
Q 3]
A) Explain what is meant by hazardous waste and how it can be dealt
with.
Hazardous waste is a waste that contains organic or inorganic elements or
compounds that may, owing to the inherent physical, chemical or toxicological
properties of that waste, have a detrimental impact on health or the
environment.
The management of hazardous wastes has become a specialized discipline
because of the complex nature of the problem and the solutions available to
humanity. The mismanagement examples of hazardous wastes causing
disastrous human and environmental consequences are numerous. The
management process is based on the definition and classification of the
different wastes, and their toxic effects on human and taking in consideration
the application of risk management to control human health and environmental
impacts of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste management, therefore, deals
with minimizing harmful effects on humans and environment by applying
special techniques of handling, storage, transportation, treatment, and
disposal of hazardous wastes.
B) Explain the role of environment management and total quality
management to achieve total quality environmental management
Total quality management (TQM) is the continual process of detecting and
reducing or eliminating errors in manufacturing, streamlining supply chain
management, improving the customer experience, and ensuring that employees
are up to speed with training. Total quality management aims to hold all parties
involved in the production process accountable for the overall quality of the final
product or service.
The role of a manager is to act as a facilitator at the workplace. It is your duty
to assist employees in implementing TQM. As a manager, it is your
responsibility to select and appoint right individuals who can work as line
managers and take charge of the entire project. The employees, you select
ought to be reliable and diligent and should be capable enough to handle a
crucial project like total quality management.
A manager must communicate the benefits of total quality management to all
other members of the organization. Call employees on a common platform and
address the benefits and importance of total quality management. Make them
understand how successful implementation of total quality management
programs would yield high quality products which would not only benefit the
organization but also the employees associated with the same.
C) Explain some of the common sources of water pollutants and their
effects on humans, plants and animals.
Some of the water pollution that is caused is by Direct Sources, such as factories,
waste management facilities, refineries etc. that directly release waste and
harmful by-products into the nearest water source without treating
them. Indirect sources include pollutants that enter the water bodies via
groundwater or soil or via the atmosphere as acid rain.
Effects of Pollution of Water
Diseases: In humans, drinking or consuming polluted water in any way has
many disastrous effects on our health. It causes typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and
various other diseases.
Destruction of Ecosystems: Ecosystems are extremely dynamic and respond
to even small changes in the environment. Water pollution can cause an entire
ecosystem to collapse if left unchecked.
Eutrophication: Chemicals in a water body, encourage the growth of algae.
These algae form a layer on top of the pond or lake. Bacteria feed on this algae
and this decreases the amount of oxygen in the water body, severely affecting
the aquatic life there.
Effects the food chain: Disruption in food chains happens when toxins and
pollutants in the water are consumed by aquatic animals (fish, shellfish etc.)
which are then consumed by humans.