Messianic Bible Teacher

Paul Cohen

Musings over the Mishkan

This Messianic Bible Study was done on behalf of

Jews for Jesus Australia
http://www.JewsForJesus.org.au

For more of Paul Cohen see

http://messianicradio.podbean.com
Index:
‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 1
Reasons for the Mishkan
1. Sin
2. Worship
Names of the Mishkan
1. Tabernacle - Mishkan - ‫משכן‬
2. Sanctuary – Mikdash – ‫מקדשׁ‬
3. Tent – Ohel –‫אהל‬
o Tent of Meeting - Ohel moed ‫אהל־מועד‬
o Tent of Testimony – Ohel edut ‫אהל עדת‬
o Tabernacle of Testimony - Mishkan edut ‫משׁכן עדת‬

‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 2

The physical structure and the items of the Mishkan
1. The Camp – Machaneh ‫מחנה‬
2. The Fence / Hangings Curtains - Kela’im ‫קלעים‬
3. Poles from Shittim wood; Etz Shitim - ‫עץ שׁטים‬
4. The Gate - Sha’ar ‫שׁער‬
5. The Brazen Altar - Mitzbeach Nechoset ‫מזבח נחשׁת‬
6. The Laver of Brass - Kior Nechoset ‫כיור נחשׁת‬
7. The Tabernacle / tent Exodus 26:1-37 Mishkan ‫משכן‬
o Layers

‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 3

8. Do the Four Colours represent the Fourfold Gospels
9. The Golden Seven branched Candelabra- Menorah Tzahav ‫מנרת זהב‬
10. The Table of Show-Bread - Shulchan Lechem Panim ‫שׁלחן לחם פּנים‬
11. The Altar of Incense – Mitzbeach Ketoret ‫מזבח קטרת‬
12. The Veil / Curtain - Parochet ‫פּרכת‬

‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 4

13. Ark – Aron ‫ארון‬
o Materials
o Names
o Some important historical events
o Content of the ark
14. The Mercy Seat, The Lit – The Atonement Cover – Kaporet ‫כּפּרת‬
o Mercy Seat
o Cherubim

An all too brief summary

Additional Resources

Appendix 1
o The Sevenfold Spirit
Appendix 2
o The Five Offerings of Leviticus
o How the worship took place
o Charts on the Sacrificial System
Exodus 25:1-9

Preface:

The Tabernacle in the Wilderness is an often overlooked jewel in the Scriptures. Believers
are aware of its existence, but tend to skip over the details as being boring and draw out, it is
however relevant to their faith walk, and as God decided to spend much of scripture on it, it is
well worth out study. Fifty chapters in the Bible are devoted to the tabernacle, over one -
thousand verses. Some believe that every detail is symbolic, I am not so sure. Where the
scriptures speak off symbols we often add our own reading into it, I’ll mention those that
scripture makes clear.

We often emphasise that Yeshua fulfilled the Torah, and that is true, but it is equally true that
the Torah points to Messiah. In the same way the Torah points us to Messiah, the tabernacle
in the wilderness points in exquisite detail to the life and work of the Messiah who was then
yet to come. So lets read this blue print for the tabernacle in the wilderness pointing out were
it highlights the connections between Messiah and the Mishkan.

Reasons for the Mishkan

1. Sin
a.
The Ark of God as a whole emphasised the concept of propitiating, which
means: the appeasement of the Holy God, this is particular true of the
Mercy Seat, the lit on the ark. The Mercy seat is where the High Priest
once a year would bring the blood to make atonement; Leviticus 16:4, on
behalf of Israel.
b. The fulfilment of this is seen in Hebrews 9:5-12 where Messiah’s blood is
brought into the greater and more perfect Tabernacle obtaining an eternal
redemption.
2. Worship
a. Psalms 27:6 “and now shall my head be lifted up above mine enemies
round about me. And I will offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; I will
sing, yea, I will sing praises unto Jehovah”.
b. Psalms 107:21-22 “Oh that men would praise Jehovah for his
lovingkindness, And for his wonderful works to the children of men! (22)
And let them offer the sacrifices of thanksgiving, and declare his works
with singing”.
c. The book of Hebrews has dwelt on the earthly and heavenly tabernacle, on
the earthly and heavenly priesthood, and on the earthly and heavenly
sacrifice, in light of all this in Hebrews 13:15 “Through him then let us
offer up a sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of lips
which make confession to his name”. We are encouraged to “offer up a
sacrifice of praise to God continually”.

 
 Names of the Mishkan:
There are three different names in the Bible for the Tabernacle, and three combined names.
1. Tabernacle - Mishkan - ‫משכן‬, Exodus 25:9 “the design of the tabernacle and the
design of its furnishings. This is how you are to make it.” Mishkan is the normal
Hebrew word for Tabernacle. The Hebrew word Mishkan, comes from the same
root as Shechinah, it is the root Shachan, ‫ שכן‬and this is the word for “dwelling or
to dwell” The Hebrew word Shechinah is not a biblical Hebrew word, but a word
found in the early Rabbinic writing, like the Aramaic translation called ‘Targum
Pseudo-Jonathan’ in Exodus 25:8 “And they shall make a Sanctuary to My Name,
that My Shekinah may dwell among them” 1 . It emphasizes the visible
manifestation of God’s presence. John in his Gospel uses it for a loan word in the
Greek. John 1.14 “And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us (and we
beheld his glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father), full of grace and
truth” the word for dwell here is the word Skenei, not a Greek word but a loan
word from the Hebrew.
o John makes a word play that comes out clearly. Glory and Dwell, both share
that common root word, Shachan – ‫שכן‬. In light of Hebrews 10:20 we see an
other connection with the Tabernacle in this passage,
o The English word Tabernacle is related to the word Tavern, a temporary
dwelling place.
o The English word “tabernacle” comes from the Latin “tabernaculum” which
means tent, hut, or booth. “Tabernaculum” is a form of the word tabernacle,
the root of the English word “tavern”. Occasionally you will see the word
sanctuary used instead of tabernacle. As you will find when we get into our
study there are many names for the Tabernacle. The Hebrew word “Mishkan”
has a different meaning than just a tent or hut. Mishkan is related to the
Hebrew word to “dwell”, “rest”, or “to live in”, referring to the “[In-dwelling]
Presence of God”, the Shechinah that dwelled or rested within this God
designed tent.

2. Sanctuary – Mikdash - ‫מקדשׁ‬, Exodus 25:8 “And let them make me a sanctuary,
that I may dwell among them.” ‫ מקדשׁ‬The Hebrew word is Mikdash, related to the
word ‫ קדושׁ‬Kadosh – Holy. The LORD is a Holy God, no mucking around, and
throughout this study we will see that come back.

3. The next word we have is Tent – Ohel - ‫האהל‬. Exodus 26:36. The word tent its
tells us two things, 1) that this is a temporary solution from God’s perspective, 2)
much more encouraging to us is that God said “that I may dwell amongst them”
where ever Israel was God was. This is not to be confused with the concept of the
local deity that the people around Israel had. They worshiped geographical ‘local’
deities; Israel’s God in distinction is not a local deity but a God who will be with
them where ever they go.

                                                            
1
J. W. Etheridge, The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch, with the
fragments of the Jerusalem Targum, 1865. E-Sword Electronic edition by Robert Hommel 2006.

 
 The last three names are combination names,
o Tent of Meeting - Ohel moed ‫ אהל־מועד‬Exodus 29:42, sometimes translated
as the Tent of the Congregation, both emphasises the same thing, God meets
the Congregation of Israel there.
o Tent of Testimony – Ohel (h’)edut ‫ אהל העדת‬Numbers 9:15; Ohel Edut, this
name symbolised two aspect, first God’s covenant in the sense of the tablets of
the Law and second God is a covenant Maker and Keeper and this is the
testimony there off.
o Tabernacle of Testimony - Mishkan (h’)edut ‫ משׁכן העדת‬Mishkan Edut
Exodus 38:21, God dwells with His people and this is the visible Testimony.

‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 2

The physical structure and the items of the Mishkan,
Exodus 26-27
1. The Camp – Machaneh ‫מחנה‬
a. Surrounding the Tabernacle; Sacrifice and Worship was central
b. Only Priest then, come past the Laver, now 1 Peter 2:9 “But you are a chosen
people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people belonging to God, that you
may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his
wonderful light.” What a calling we have, with that in mind let us press on to
the inner place.
2. The Fence / Hangings Curtains - Kela’im ‫קלעים‬
a. God by His nature is exclusive; He dictates how we can approach Him. In the
days of the Mishkan this can be seen in the fence, the wall of separation
between Jew and Gentile, today this kind of fence is still maintained in
Orthodox Synagogues, the middle wall between men and women. But we who
know messiah know that this wall of separation has been removed by Him.
Galatians 3:28 “There is
neither Jew nor Greek, there
is neither slave nor free man,
there is neither male nor
female; for you are all one in
Messiah Yeshua”. The key-
phrase is in Messiah Yeshua, we have access to the father wether we are male,
female, Jew or Gentile.
b. The exclusivity to Israel is no longer, today Jew and Gentile can approach
God. Ephesians 2:13-16 “But now in Messiah Yeshua you that once were far
off are made nigh in the blood of Messiah. (14) For he is our peace, who made
both one, and brake down the middle wall of partition, (15) having abolished
in the flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in
ordinances; that he might create in himself of the two one new man, so making
peace; (16) and might reconcile them both in one body unto God through the
cross, having slain the enmity thereby”. God’s image is upon all people
(Genesis 1:26), and his desire is to redeem all people (John 3:16).
3. Poles from Shittim wood; Etz Shitim - ‫עץ שׁטים‬, its most interesting that we read
in 1Peter 2:24 “who his own self bare our sins in his body upon the tree, that we,
having died unto sins, might live unto righteousness; by whose stripes ye were
healed.” Note that Peter did not say cross, but tree. More literal it reads “who his own

 
 4. The Gate - Sha’ar ‫שׁער‬
a. Only one entrance. There is not an entrance for Jews, and an other one for
Catholics and Protestant, Hindu’s there is One entrance that opens how? When
we come and acknowledge He is the Holy God and we need to be repentant
for we are sinners.
b. Matthew 7:13-14 “Enter through the narrow gate; for the gate is wide and the
way is broad that leads to destruction, and there are many who enter through
it”. For the gate is small and the way is narrow that leads to life, and there are
few who find it.”
c. John 10:7 “Yeshua therefore said unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto
you, I am the door of the sheep”, (time permitting, End time Judgement, Goat
and Sheep Judgement, Matthew 25:31-46, we must show our faith by our
works, he will judge both Collectively and Individually)
d. Note the gate is Always open, open to all who sought forgiveness and
fellowship, advise and counsel. Exodus 29:42 “It shall be a continual burnt-
offering throughout your generations at the door of the tent of meeting before
Jehovah, where I will meet with you, to speak there unto thee.” Which leads us
to the first item the brazen altar.

5. The Brazen Altar - Mitzbeach Nechoset ‫מזבח נחשׁת‬

a. Sacrifice,
i. Sinner
ii. Holy God
b. Propitiation, appeasing the wrath
of God
c. Not Empty handed then nor now
Ephesians 5:2 “and live a life of
love, just as also the Messiah
loved us, indeed, on our behalf
gave himself up as an offering,
as a slaughtered sacrifice to God
with a pleasing fragrance.”
d. Yeshua is that sacrifice, Hebrews
9:1-10:18
e. We ought to live sacrificially Romans 12:1 “I beseech you therefore, brethren,
by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy,
acceptable to God, which is your spiritual service.” Imitating the live of
Messiah, a sacrifice.
f. Yeshua is the brazen altar Hebrews 13:10-15

6. The Laver of Brass - Kior Nechoset ‫כיור נחשׁת‬

a. Brass mirrors, Exodus 30:17-21; made from metal used for mirrors
(Exodus38:8); reflection of self; water to cleanse; water a symbol of Spirit
(Isaiah 44:3)
i. It speaks of giving away vanity and becoming more humble
b. It was there to cleanse hands and feet

 
 i. Hand symbolic of doing, feet symbol of walking, we are called to DO
and GO
ii. Clean hand, Psalms 24:3-5 “Who shall
ascend into the hill of Jehovah? And
who shall stand in his holy place? (4)
He that has clean hands, and a pure
heart; who has not lifted up his soul
unto falsehood, And hats not sworn
deceitfully. (5) He shall receive a
blessing from Jehovah, and
righteousness from the God of his salvation.”
iii. Feet ready for the Gospel Isaiah 52:7 “How beautiful upon the
mountains are the feet of him that brings good news, proclaiming
shalom, that bringing good tidings of good things, announcing
salvation, and saying to Zion, your God reigns!” the Hebrew word for
good news or glad tidings is the m’basar ‫ מבשׂר‬besorah is the Hebrew
word for Gospel.
iv. Both the Psalmist and Isaiah focus on cleansing and sanctifying, let the
Word wash in the Spirit by obeying the Word.
v. The mirror shows us who we are, in all our pomp and glory and also
our shortcomings, so too James reminds us James 1:22-25 “For if any
one is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like unto a man
beholding his natural face in a mirror: (24) for he beholds himself, and
goes away, and straightway forgets what manner of man he was”,
James points out the cleansing effect of the word when we DO it.
7. The Tabernacle / tent Exodus 26:1-37 Mishkan ‫משכן‬
a. Layers from the outside in
i. Dugong Skin, (seal,
dolphin, porpoise, sea
cows, fine fur, badgers
or “blue skins LXX /
Josephus”), what ever
the skin was, its main
purpose was to conceal,
from the world the
Glory of God,, the in
much the same way
what John wrote John
14:17 “even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive,
because it neither sees him nor knows him; you know him, for he
dwells with you, and will be in you.” The world sees no value in the
‘skins hiding gold, only when take time to get to know do we see
beauty In Isaiah 53:2 it mentions “For he grew up before him as a
tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he had no form nor
comeliness; and when we see him, there is no beauty that we should
desire him”.
These Dugong
ugong skins occurs elsewhere only once in the Bible in Ezekiel
16:10, where it talks about sandals of porpoise skins, it seems that this
was a type of leather, used for strength and durability but not beautiful.

 
 ii. Rams wool dyed red, speaks of a
sacrifice of a ram particular with
the colour red speak of a Ram
sacrifice, regarding the first Ram
offering we read in Genesis 22,
and there are many places where
lambs and Rams are used, to
name but one other the
consecrate of Aaron and the
priest Exodus 29:26.
iii. Goat Hair, coupled with bronze clasps, Goat speaks of Sin. Leviticus
4:23 “if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, be known to him, he shall
bring for his offering a goat, a male without blemish” and of course
Lev 16 were it mentioned the day of
Atonement and the Two Goats, one
for the Lord and one Scape-Goat.
There is also the Sheep and the Goat
judgement Matthew 25, and in that
light I see Romans 8:3, for it
beautifully explains this. “God
sending His own Son in the likeness
of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh.” Yet always
with the hint of redemption in here for the bronze clasps for the bronze
altar brought atonement.
iv. Five fine twisted linen, with cherubim, and Gold clamps [Cherubim to
protect the Holy Place, fine linen a sign of righteousness, Gold a sign
of Kingship], Approximate 14 by 2
meters/or 42 by 6 feet.
These fine twisted linen are
representative of the righteousness of
saints Revelation 19:8 “I counsel you
to buy of me white raiment, that you
may be clothed” says Messiah Rev.
3:18). “Put on the Lord Yeshua the
Messiah” is the exhortation of the Apostle (Romans 13.14).
These could represents you and me, believers in their day to day faith-
walk, are we walk in holiness and righteousness before the Holy One
Blessed be He, keeping our garments undefiled by sin, putting on and
living out the life we are called to live in Messiah, and exhibiting Him
before men.
• Four layers, ordinary leather, no beauty in Him, Ram-skin died red, a
reminder of Genesis 22 the near sacrifice where God provided Himself
the Lamb, Goats hair a removal of sin, and fine linen the righteousness
of Messiah. Another small picture that collectively adds up.
b. The apostle Paul makes the connections with sacrifice in Romans 12:4-5, “For
even as we have many members in one body, and all the members have not the
same office: (5) so we, who are many, are one body in Messiah, and severally
members one of another” 5 Curtains joined just as we are joined to one an
other and held together by the King, the Lord Almighty.
c. Additional sources Josephus Antiquities. iii. 6

 
 ‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 3
8. Do the Four Colours represent the Fourfold Gospels. Exodus 35:6
a. Often preachers and some commentaries state about a connection between the
four colours fine (White) from ‫ שׁוּשׁ‬to be white, a fine white cotton fabric, (‫ שׁשׁי‬-
Sheshi), embroided with Blue (‫ תּכלת‬- Tekelet), Purple (‫ ארגּמן‬- Argaman) and
Scarlett (‫ – תּלעת‬Tola’at) the four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.
i. In the Besorah - Gospel according to Matthew – Yeshua is portrayed as
the King of the Jews, and Purple was seen as the colour of kings, and
royalty wore robes of purple. Thus Matthew and purple may go
together.
ii. In the Besorah - Gospel according to Mark – Yeshua is portrayed as
the Servant, Red / Scarlet – comes from the word worm, Psalm 22:6 “I
am but a worm” (‫ – תולעת‬Tola’at) Thus Mark and Scarlet may go
together.
iii. In the Besorah - Gospel according to Luke – Yeshua is portrayed as the
Righteous Servant, White Linen, purity, Revelation 19:8 “And it was
given unto her that she should array herself in fine linen, bright and
pure: for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints.” See also
Revelation 19:14 this is based on two verses in the Tanach (Older
Testament) Zechariah 3:3-5 “Now Joshua was clothed with filthy
garments, and stood before the angel. (4) And he answered and spoke
unto those that stood before him, saying: 'Take the filthy garments
from off him.' And unto him he said: 'Behold, I cause your iniquity to
pass from you, and I will clothe you with robes.' (5) And I said: 'Let
them set a fair mitre upon his head.' So they set a fair mitre upon his
head, and clothed him with garments; and the angel of the LORD stood
by.” The removal of dirty clothes which stand for the iniquity and sin
and changed the garments for clean ones are a symbol or a picture of
righteous acts. And Isaiah 61:10 “I will greatly rejoice in Jehovah, my
soul shall be joyful in my God; for he has clothed me with the
garments of salvation, he has covered me with the robe of
righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself with a garland, and as a
bride adorns herself with her jewels.” Two things are spoken of
garments of salvation, & robe of righteousness, both fit well with
garments representing the righteous acts of the saints, some bestowed
upon us by Messiah, some enabled by the Messiah. Thus Luke and
White may go together.
iv. In the Besorah - Gospel according to John – Yeshua is portrayed as the
Son of God in this Gospel, and for this Gospel the only colour left is
Blue, so we have fit blue with this gospel.
We should always be careful when interpreting scripture and allowing it to speak
clearly, rather than guessing that we have allowed in the colour segment. The first
three colours and three Gospels were at best insubstantial connections, and as I
mentioned before we ought not to indulge in sanctified guessing work, I am not aware
that the anywhere in the Bible any of the Biblical Authors connect the colour blue
with heaven. Now some of the people may say ‘Ah the sky is blue and the sky is

 
 above us, so blue represents that which is above us, in other words heaven’. However
our criteria is at least one verse that clearly connects the two. And while I concede
that the sky is blue sometimes, however when I arose this morning at 5 AM it was
black, and now at 6.30 pm it is black again, last week it was gray all week with the
rain clouds. So yes the sky is sometimes blue, but more importantly no Biblical author
connects Blue to heaven that connection is not made. The same people then search
for a verse like Ezekiel 1:26, Revelation 4:6 or Ezekiel 10:1 “Then I looked, and
behold, in the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim there appeared above
them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.” They
then claim this firmament and this stone to be blue, but the firmament and the stone
above is not identified by colour, and to interpret it as definitely blue is beyond what
the scriptures say, and where the scriptures are silent we should be very, very careful
in making bold claims. So these colour studies; and the same counts for the metals or
stones studies in Tabernacle; should be take very cautiously. For a full explanation of
the colours and the stones we will have to wait till that Bible class in heaven were
Yeshua will teach us all things.
9. The Golden Seven branched Candelabra- Menorah Tzahav ‫ מנרת זהב‬Exodus
25:31-40; it is the only source of light in Holy place, the tent has no windows, and
four layers of cloth on it, without the lamp it would be very dark. The menorah is
several pictures or types:
a. First the Menorah is a symbol of God for God is light;
a. 1 John 1:7 “God is light, and there is no darkness in him — none!”
i. Revelation 21:23-24 “And the city has no need of sun or moon
to shine upon it, for the glory of God is its light, and its lamp is
the Lamb.(24) By its light shall the nations walk; and the kings
of the earth shall bring their glory into it”
b. Second the menorah is a symbol of
Yeshua the light of the world; John
1:4-9 “In Him was life, and the life
was the Light of men. The Light
shines in the darkness, and the
darkness did not comprehend it.
There came a man sent from God,
whose name was John. He came as a
witness, to testify about the Light, so
that all might believe through him.
He was not the Light, but he came to
testify about the Light. There was the
true Light which, coming into the
world, enlightens every man.”
“Yeshua again spoke to them,
saying, ‘I am the Light of the world;
he who follows Me will not walk in
the darkness, but will have the Light
of life’” John 8:12
c. Third the Menorah is also a Symbol of the Holy Spirit. The Menorah is a
Seven Branched candelabrum, which reminds us of words the prophets Isaiah
and John
a. Isaiah 11:2 “And the Spirit of Jehovah shall rest upon him, the spirit of
wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit

 
 of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovah”. See image on the final page,
(Appendix 1) from Dr Fruchtenbaum’s Messianic Christology.
b. Seven-fold Spirit Revelation 1:4 & 4:5(some versions Seven Spirits of
God) There is only One Spirit, but Seven-Fold means fullness these
then represent the fullness of the Spirit of God.
i. What should we do in light of this? We ought to cry out for an
outpouring of: The Spirit of the Lord in all these aspects, so
that women and men be raised up. A generation of those who
fear the LORD, who seek His knowledge and understanding
who search out His wisdom and counsel and because of this
became mighty women and men in the Body of Messiah, in
politics, in schools in every area of life.
d. Fourth the Menorah represents The Word of God; Psalm 119:105 “‫( נ‬Nun)
Your word is a lamp unto my feet, And light unto my path”. It is the
illumination of our walk of faith, we ought to read it day by day. Which is also
seen in Proverbs 6:23 “For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light;
And reproofs of instruction are the way of life”. 1 Samuel 3:1-7, the Word of
the LORD was rare and the light had not yet gone out. With a further play on
this in that the eyes of Eli the high-priest begun to grow dim.
e. Fifth the menorah is also a symbol of true believers, for we too are a light;
John 12:46 “I have come as Light into the world, so that everyone who
believes in Me will not remain in darkness” Not our own light, but collectively
we shine forth the light of Yeshua. Yeshua is like the Shammash (servant)
candle at Chanukah (Feast of Dedication), on the Chanukiyah: the menorah for
Chanukah. We have a special 9th branch distinct from the other branches on
the Chanukah Menorah called the shammash and it is this branch that lights
the others. We mentioned I John 1:5 “God is light, and there is no darkness in
him — none!” and we are called to walk in His light, 1 John 1:7
a. We may not feel light big spotlights, but even if we feel tiny and
insignificant listen to the words from God to you in Isaiah 42:3-4 “A
bruised reed will he not break, and a smouldering wick will he not
quench: he will bring forth justice in truth. (4) He will not fail nor be
discouraged, till he have set justice in the earth; and the isles shall
wait for his law” A smouldering wick, a little light that is about to go
out, He will not quench. So how do we keep the flame alive in us?
Read the Word, Pray, Praise, Fellowship, Confess you sins, spend time
with God and Godly people.
f. Sixth and finally Churches or Messianic Assemblies are symbolised the
menorah,
a. Revelation 1:12, 2:1, 11:4, the Church or the Messianic Assembly is
symbolised by the Menorah, for collectively they spread the light of
Messiah in deeds and they proclaim the Word of God. The Church is
not a building but living stones, or living flames for Messiah, so when
we as the body of Messiah come together we can burn a little brighter.
10. The Table of Show-Bread - Shulchan Lechem Panim ‫ שׁלחן לחם פּנים‬Exodus
25:23-30
a. Bread of presence / Hebrew face, like Moses face to face, we speak with God
not face to face, and yet God hears our cries, our prayers and our praise.
b. These loaves represents Fellowship & Communion with Almighty God
c. 12 Loaves, one for each of the Twelve Tribes

 
 i. Content of the table:
1. Twelve loafs of Bread
2. Wine
3. Incense
1. Exodus 25:29-30 “Make its dishes, pans, bowls and pitchers of
pure gold. 30 On the table you are to place the bread of the
presence in my presence always”.
2. Exodus 25:29-30 (LXX) “And you shall make its dishes and its
censers, and its bowls, and its cups, with which you shall offer
drink-offerings: of pure gold shall you make them. (30) And
you shall set upon the table shewbread before me continually”
which is confirmed by:
3. Leviticus 24:7 “And you shall put pure frankincense with each
row, that it may be to the bread for a memorial-part, even an
offering made by fire unto the LORD.”
4. Bread and wine represent fellowship, incense represent prayer
and worship. We don’t just fellowship with God but need to
worship him continually.

5.
11. The Altar of Incense – Mitzbeach (ha)Ketoret ‫ מזבח הקטרת‬Exodus 30:1-10
a. Incense represents prayers of the saints.
There were two services in the tabernacle, morning and evening, it is evident that
the incense was an emblem of the prayers of sincere worshippers ascending to
heaven in the cloud of perfume; and, accordingly, the priest who officiated at this
altar typified the intercessory prayers of Messiah (Luke 1:10 And the whole
multitude of the people were praying without at the hour of incense).
a. Psalm 141:2 “May my prayer be counted as incense before You; the
lifting up of my hands as the evening offering.”
b. Revelation 5:8 “And when he had taken it, the four living creatures
and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb. Each one had a
harp and they were holding golden bowls full of incense, which are the
prayers of the saints.”
c. In the light of our knowledge about incense, prayer and intersession we
ought to read now Hebrews 7:22-25 “Also this shows how much better
the covenant of which Yeshua has become guarantor is. (23)
Moreover, the present priests are many in number, because they are
prevented by death from continuing in office. (24) But because Yeshua
lives forever, his position as priest does not pass on to someone else;
(25) and consequently, he is totally able to deliver those who approach

 
 God through him; since he always lives to make intercession for
them.”
d. Yeshua has three offices, not simultaneous; first he came as a Prophet
to our people. Second he is as the priest in the order of Melchizedek
“ever making intercession for them”. Third on his return he will take
up his office as King. Yeshua is making intercession, the writer of
Hebrews speaks here of the present intercession of Messiah on behalf
of all believers, which is based upon and follows His once-for-all
offering of Himself as the sacrifice for sin.
e. We can now understand
what Paul was referring
to: 2 Corinthians 2:14-16
“(14) But thanks be unto
God, who always leads
us in triumph in Christ,
and makes manifest
through us the savour of
his knowledge in every
place. (15) For we are a sweet savour of Christ unto God, in them
that are saved, and in them that perish; (16) to the one a savour from
death unto death; to the other a savour from life unto life. And who is
sufficient for these things?”
12. The Veil / Curtain - Parochet ‫פּרכת‬
a. Note: there is no opening only the serving High Priest can enter in once a year
on the Day of Atonement.
b. Cherubim the guarding the Most Holy Place, most powerful angels
c. “Therefore, brethren, since we have confidence to enter the holy place by the
blood of Yeshua, by a new and living way which He inaugurated for us
through the veil, that is, His flesh, and since we have a great priest over the
house of God, let us draw near with a sincere heart in full assurance of faith,
having our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies
washed with pure water.” Hebrews 10:19-22
d. Matthew 27:50. “And Yeshua cried out again with a loud voice and yielded
up his spirit. And behold, the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to
bottom. And the earth shook, and the rocks were split.”
e. The curtain in the Temple was from top to bottom no less than forty cubits in
length, which was the height of the holy of holies in the second temple; and
which made the rent the more astonishing. The account the Jews give of the
veil, is this: “R. Simeon ben Gamaliel said, on account of R. Simeon, the son
of the Sagan, the thickness of the veil is a hand's breadth, and it is woven of
seventy two threads, and every thread has twenty four threads in it: it is forty
cubits long, and twenty broad, and is made of eighty two myriads; (which is
the number of the threads in it; it took three hundred priests to wash it.” 2

                                                            
2
 Mishnah Tractate Sheqalim, 8.4-5; E-Sword Edition 

 
 ‫ משכן‬Mishkan an overview Part 4

13. Ark – Aron ‫ ארון‬Exodus 25:10-22

The ark was in many ways just a ordinary
wooden chest with a lit, but on the other
hand it was surprising, extraordinary,
awesome, mind-blowingly splendid. It
was a box made of Shittim wood, overlaid
with Gold both inside and outside, four
rings for carrying poles which were also
overlaid with gold, as nobody was
allowed to touch it, (2 Samuel 6:6). And
then there was the wooden lid again
overlaid with gold, which had a golden
crown and two golden cherubim on top,
facing each other and looking down.

a. Materials
a. Shittim or acacia wood, the LXX & Josephus translate this as
Incorruptible Wood, Shittim Wood is a type of human nature; in the
case of Messiah of sinless human nature, we as believers in Him are
children partakers of His flesh and blood, “He Himself likewise took
part in the same” (Hebrews 2:14). “He was made in all points like unto
His brethren, yet without sin” (Hebrews 4:15).
b. Gold Kingship (Daniel 2:38;3:1; 3:12) (Probably not divinity or deity
as many claim see Deuteronomy 4:28; Exodus 20:23; Daniel 5:4; 5:23)
Messianic thought, the King of the Universe (Psalm 2) appears as a
lowly man, there was no beauty in him (Isaiah 53:2). Yet in this we see
the Man who is called Isaiah 9:6-7 (in the Hebrew v.5-6) “ ‫פלא יועץ אל‬
‫“ ”גבור אביעד שׂר־שׁלום‬Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, Everlasting 
Father, Prince of Peace.” Lowly and humble and yet being the majestic
King.
b. Names
a. Ark – ‫ ארון‬Exodus 25:10
b. Ark of Testimony - ‫ ארון העדת‬Exodus 25:22; because it contained the 2
tablets of the Law
c. Ark of Covenant of YHWH - ‫ ארון ברית־יהוה‬Numbers 10:33
d. Ark of God ‫( ארון אלהים‬Elohim) 1Samuel 3:3
e. Ark of the LORD God ‫( ארון אדני יהוה‬YHWH Adonai) 1 Kings 2:26
f. The Holy Ark –‫( ארון־הקדשׁ‬Aron Hakodesh) 2 Chronicles 35:3 “And he
said unto the Levites that taught all Israel, that were holy unto the
LORD: 'Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David

 
 g. Ark of your might or strength - ‫(
ארון עזך‬A ron
O zcha)
Psalm 132:8
“Arise, O LORD, unto your resting-place; You, and the ark of your
strength.” (Strength and Glory go together see Psalm 78:61 “And
delivered his strength into captivity, And his glory into the adversary's
hand”.)
c. Some important historical events
a. Made by Bezalel and Oholi’av (Exodus 31-) from the blue print they
received from Moses, but the designer was God.
b. When the tribes of Israel fought against Benjamin Judges 19-20
(Judges 20:27-28)
c. Captured by the Philistines; 1 Samuel Chapters 4-6, returned with
golden mice (rats in the CJB) and tumours (boils or emerods), I
wonder who the brave soul was who posed for the artist.
d. Never to be sought again, Jeremiah 3:16 “And it shall come to pass,
when you are multiplied and increased in the land, in those days, says
Jehovah, they shall say no more, ‘The ark of the covenant of Jehovah’;
neither shall it come to mind; neither shall they remember it; neither
shall they miss it; neither shall it be made any more.” The ark
represented God’s dwelling, where is Shechinah was present and
visible, this was only true in the 1st Temple, the Temple of Solomon.
The ark was missing from the 2nd Temple, but according to the prophet
Haggai 2:9 “The latter glory of this house shall be greater than the
former, says Jehovah of hosts; and in this place will I give peace, says
Jehovah of hosts.” how can this be?
e. Gospel of John 1:14 “The Word became (flesh) a human being and
dwelt amongst us, and we saw his Sh’khinah, the Sh'khinah of the
Father's only Son, full of grace and truth.” Remember what we spoke
of earlier? John 1.14 “And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among
us (and we beheld his glory, glory as of the only begotten from the
Father), full of grace and truth” the word for dwell here is the word
Skenei, not a Greek word but a loan word from the Hebrew.
i. John makes a word play that comes out clearly. Glory and
Dwell, both share that common root word, Shachan – ‫שכן‬.
ii. Because Messiah visited the Temple its Glory was greater.
iii. In that light we read Paul’s comment in Colossians 1:27 “to
whom God was pleased to make known what is the riches of
the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Messiah
in you, the hope of glory”. This was a mystery for Gentile
Christians, here Paul indicates it is true for Jewish and Gentiles
believers in Messiah Yeshua, He is indwelling us, the Hope of
Shechinah! Praise the Lord for this He deserves, Amen?
d. Content of the ark
i. Rod – The Lord is my Shepherd, and also Aaron’s rod – Num. 17:10;
symbol of rebellion against God’s authority. But there was something
unusual about this rod, remember the story, it’s a rod a staff, a piece of
wood that was cut of, dead and then it budded “Numbers 17:8 “And it
came to pass on the morrow, that Moses went into the tent of the
testimony; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was

 
 budded, and put forth buds, and produced blossoms, and bare ripe
almonds.” It is two pictures, one of the life and dead and resurrection
of Yeshua, the branch cut off, and yet blossoming, but the staff was
also used as a shepherds staff, the Lord is my shepherd Psalm 23.
ii. Manna – bread of Life, Jehovah Yirah (provider); Manna – distrust of
God provision; doubt of His goodness and ability to provide, still we
rebelled against God many a time and complained about the food
Exodus 16.
1. Yeshua come from heaven as did the manna and he is the bread
of life, John 6:32-41, and we complained about Him too, just as
we complained about the Manna from Heaven
iii. Testimony – these are the two Tables of the Law, and the remind us
that God is not just a Covenant maker but also a Covenant KEEPER,
even if we are unfaithful, (Golden Calf incident Exodus 32), God
recommitted Himself to us. The Broken Tablets also remind us of the
breaking of the
individual
commandments in the
Torah by ourselves.
1. Yeshua Hebrews
7:22 “by so much
also hath Jesus
become the
surety of a better
covenant.”
Because we
broke the earlier Covenant
2. Hebrews 8:6-13 “But now has he obtained a ministry the more
excellent, by so much as he is also the mediator of a better
covenant, which hath been enacted upon better promises. (7)
For if that first covenant had been faultless, then would no
place have been sought for a second. (8) For finding fault with
them, he said, Behold, the days come, says the Lord, That I will
make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the
house of Judah; (9) Not according to the covenant that I made
with their fathers In the day that I took them by the hand to lead
them forth out of the land of Egypt; For they continued not in
my covenant, And I regarded them not, said the Lord. (10) For
this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel
After those days, says the Lord; I will put my laws into their
mind, And on their heart also will I write them: And I will be to
them a God, And they shall be to me a people: (11) And they
shall not teach every man his fellow-citizen, And every man his
brother, saying, Know the Lord: For all shall know me, From
the least to the greatest of them. (12) For I will be merciful to
their iniquities, And their sins will I remember no more. (13) In
that he says, A new covenant he hath made the first old. But
that which is becoming old and waxed old is near unto
vanishing away.”

 
 14. The Mercy Seat – The Lit – The Atonement Cover – Kaporet ‫כּפּרת‬
a. Mercy Seat, in Hebrew is kaporet, from the word ‫ כּפר‬Kaphar, to cover, from
this word we also get the word to atone, ‫כּפּר‬, expiation; day of atonement.
• Propitiation, (ἱλαστήριον – hilasterion, meaning to make atonement or
be Merciful, to make reconciliation) Romans 3:24-25 “Messiah
Yeshua, whom God has set forth to be a propitiation through faith in
His blood”- the word rendered “propitiation” in Romans 3:25, is the
same word that is used in Hebrews 9:5, and there translated “mercy-
seat.” “Hebrews 9:5 “and above it cherubim of glory overshadowing
the mercy-seat; of which things we cannot now speak severally.”
b. Cherubim, guarding the
Holy One, Cherubim –
guardians of sacred
places, things; Genesis
3:24; Psalm 99:1;
Hebrews 9:5; and
Ezekiel 1:10 & Ezekiel
10:14. In Ezekiel they
have four faces that of a
man, a lion, an eagle and
an ox, possibly the same
creatures as in
Revelation 4:7, but here the creatures appear to have one face. From the text in
Exodus we see that they faced each other Exodus 25:20 “And the cherubim
shall spread out their wings on high, covering the mercy-seat with their wings,
with their faces one to another; toward the mercy-seat shall the faces of the
cherubim be.”
c. God dwells in the midst of Israel, His people but specifically God meets with
us between the Cherubim above the Mercy seat.

An all too brief summary

@ The whole Tabernacle is God’s teaching tool for us, it teaches pre-eminently
about Messiah, it portrays grace and humility, it talks about Holiness and
Worship.
• God teaches visually, auditory, kinetically through all the senses He
uses the patterns of the Tabernacle, the physical Tabernacle so that we
can take hold, smell, taste and see or in one word experience, not just
text on paper.
• It can teach us that while our ancestors were still in bondage in Egypt
and were slaves to Pharaoh, God had a plan to liberate them, just as we
were slaves to our sins, God had a plan to liberate us from our sins.
• It can teach us that our need for and the means of Redemption,
• It can teach us that we need to be Consecrated made Holy, “Be Holy as
I am Holy” and that there is only one way to the Father.
• It can teach us that we can Fellowship with God and His people and
ought to Worship at his footstool.

@ The whole Tabernacle is a picture of the Messiah.

• The Mishkan, the Tabernacle is a place where God meets with us
because of the live and work of Messiah.

 
 • The Outer Gate is opened by Messiah
• The Brazen Altar is a type of Messiah
i. The Sacrifice, God did provide Himself the Lamb
• The Laver is a type of Messiah our cleansing and regeneration.
• The Menorah is a type of Messiah the light of the world.
• The Table of Showbread reminds us that Messiah is the bread of life.
• The Incense Altar is a type of Messiah portrait as our intercessor and
advocate.
• The Veil is a symbol of His body and by his death the curtain of
separation was removed and now all have access to the Throne Room
of God.
• Ark with the items within
i. Tablets of the Law, we now have a newer covenant
ii. Aaron’s staff that budded, he still shepherds us even when we
act the goat.
iii. Pot of Manna, he provides for our need, for He is the Bread of
Life that come from Heaven
• The Mercy Seat is a type of Messiah in that He is our propitiation.

@ In light of all this, what should our response be?

Worship! Prayer! Fellowship! Study!

Live the Life that Messiah wants us to live!

Closing Scripture
Revelation 21:1-5
• Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth; for the first heaven and the first earth
passed away, and there is no longer any sea. And I saw the holy city, the New
Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, made ready as a bride adorned for
her husband. And I heard a loud voice from the throne, saying, “Behold, the
Tabernacle of God is among men, and He will dwell among them, and they shall be
His people, and God Himself will be among them, and He will wipe away every tear
from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any
mourning, or crying, or pain; the first things have passed away.” And He who sits on
the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.” And He said, “Write, for these
words are faithful and true.”

 
Resources used:
1. Bible Program with Commentaries and dictionaries: E-Sword, various Bibles
translations and commentaries, dictionaries & Bible encyclopaedia’s:
Freely available it includes many translations http://www.e-sword.net/
Used for this study:
a. Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews; translated by William Whiston -
book 3 chapter 6 section 1, (Electronic Edition E-Sword, TOP format public
domain.)
b. Types of the Tabernacle, Thomas Newberry (1881-1901); (Electronic Edition
placed into E-Sword TOP format public domain.)

2. The Tabernacle in Exodus, Messianic Bible Manuscript #55. Dr. Arnold G.

Fruchtenbaum, Ariel Ministries, 1983. http://www.ariel.org

3. The Levitical Offerings and the Levitical Sacrifices, Messianic Bible Manuscript
#180. Dr. Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Ariel Ministries, 2005.

4. Messianic Christology: a study of Old Testament Prophecy concerning the first

coming of Messiah. Dr. Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Ariel Ministries, 1998.

5. Two Levitical Offerings and Their Meaning to Us Today. Dr Rich Robinson,

http://jewsforjesus.org/publications/newsletter/2005_11/offerings; Website of Jews
for Jesus, accessed, May 2009.

6. Lectures on the Tabernacle. Samuel Ridout, Loizeaux Brothers, Inc. Bible Truth
Depot, reprint, 1973.

7. Tabernacle: Shadows of the Messiah, its sacrifices, services and priesthood. David M.
Levy; Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, 1993.

8. Tabernacle of Israel: its structure and symbolism. James Strong, Kregel Pub, 1987.

9. Hebrews through a Hebrew’s eyes: hope in the midst of a hopeless world. Dr. Stuart
Sacks, Lederer Messianic Publishers, 1995.

10. House of Gold. J. Rouw. Nathanael Literature Distributors, 1993.

11. These are the garments: a study of the high priest’s garments. Charles M. Slemming.
Christian Literature, 1955.

 
Appendix 1

Based on Isaiah 11:2 “And the Spirit of Jehovah shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and
understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of
Jehovah”.
Taken from; “Messianic Christology: a study of Old Testament Prophecy concerning
the first coming of Messiah”, Dr. Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, page 43, Ariel Ministries,
1998. http://www.ariel.org

 
Appendix 2
The Five Offerings of Leviticus
Leviticus chapters 1-7 describe the details of the five offerings that were to be offered on the altar of the Tabernacle. And that is the connection with our
current study of the Tabernacle. The five offerings are:

1. Burnt offering
2. Grain offering
3. Peace offering
4. Sin offering
5. Trespass offering

How the worship took place

1. The repentant sinner / worshiper brought animal to Tabernacle entrance, an act of faith.
2. The priest declared animal acceptable as a sacrifice.
3. The animal was scaled to worshiper's financial situation and social standing, ranging from the most expensive animal the bull through to the
common sheep and goats, and finally birds, for the extremely poor a grain offering could be made, but everyday sacrifices, monthly sacrifices and
festivals / yearly sacrifices especially those on the day of atonement covered all people including those who brought a bloodless sacrifice.
4. The repentant sinner / worshiper laid his hand on animal's head, showing that the animal symbolically received the sins of the confessor, and
would die in his or her place. It is a substitutionary atonement, in other words this animal dies in my place. Sacrifice and repentance go hand in
hand.
5. The worshiper killed animal.
6. The priest caught the blood in a bowl, and splashed blood against the brazen altar, or smeared it on the horns of the brazen altar. The shedding of
blood which brought redemption, cleansing or fellowship with the Almighty.
7. The worshiper divided animal.
8. The priest burned animal on altar. Depending on the type of offering, see below, it was some or the entire animal that was burned; with some of
the larger animals, the priest could keep the hide.

Comparing the five offerings, this is just a bible study not the definitive source and so my interpretation my well differ from you, some particularly in the
Fulfilment column, but pray and see and let the Holy One Blessed be He guide you in all truths in the Messiah.
So the sacrifice was an act of faith and repentance, this is still true today, we need Yeshua the Lamb of God as our sacrifice (Ephesians 5:2), we need to
repent of our sins (Acts 3:19) and confess them (1 John 1:9), then God will hear our cry, and listen to our prayers.
 GOD'S PRIEST'S OFFERER'S
NAME ELEMENTS PURPOSE FULFILMENT
PORTION PORTION PORTION
‫ עולה קרבּן‬Bull, ram or male bird Voluntary act of The whole Skin (to be sold). Nothing. A voluntary act of worship
Olah Korban- (dove or young pigeon worship; atonement for animal was Ephesians 5:2. Messiah is
Burnt Offering for the poor); wholly unintentional sin in burnt on the not seen here as bearing our
consumed; no defect, a general; expression of altar, except sins, but as accomplishing
Leviticus 1; sweet savour to the devotion, commitment the skin. the Father's will, glorifying
6:8-13; 6:22 Lord. and complete surrender Him and vindicating the
8:18-21; 16:24 to God. holiness and majesty of His
Exodus 29:38, 42 throne.
‫מנחה‬ Grain, fine flour, olive Voluntary act of If it was the Priest's own Nothing. There was no shedding of
Mincha – oil, incense, baked worship; recognition of Priest's own offering: none (all blood in this offering, so it
Gift or Grain bread (cakes or wafers God's goodness and offering: the the reminder to be speaks of the perfections of
Offering* always unleavened), provisions; devotion to entire portion burnt). Messiah's Personhood and
salt; no yeast or honey; God. to go to God life rather than of His death.
Leviticus 2; accompanied burnt Others: Others: All of the The picture is of His sinless
6:14-23 offering and peace Memorial reminder had to be humanity. 2 Corinthians
offering and with drink portion (just a eaten within 5:21, “who knew no sin”
offerings. handful). courtyard of
tabernacle.
‫שׁלמיהם‬ Animal without defect Voluntary act of Fatty portions Breast given to Thanksgiving Peace through the blood of
Sh'lamim - from herd or flock. worship; thanksgiving (fat covering High Priest (wave offering: all of His cross [expiation: the
Peace Offering and fellowship. inner parts; offering), right the reminder (to removal of sin and guilt
fat tail, foreleg given to be eaten the accomplished by the death
Leviticus 3; It included a communal kidneys, lobe officiating priest same day). of Messiah on the cross.
7:11-34 meal and it could be a of the liver). (heave offering). Colossians 1:20
vow (Neder) offerings Vow or freewill Peace with God
Deuteronomy Leviticus 7:16 or a offering: (to be reconciliation: the sum total
12:8 thanksgiving (Todah) eaten the same of all that Messiah did on
offerings Leviticus 7:12 day or the next the cross in removing the
or a freewill (N’dabah) day); left over to barrier of sin that separates
offerings Leviticus 7:16. be burnt on the sinful man from God.
3rd day. Romans 5:1, see also
Ephesians 2:14-18.
 ‫חטאת‬ Young bull: for High Mandatory atonement Fatty portions Atonement for Nothing. Messiah who was made sin
Chattat – Priest and whole for specific unintentional (fat covering High Priest and for us (2 Cor. 5:21) and
Sin or congregation. The blood sin; confession of sin; inner parts; congregation: none, endured the judgment and
Purification was to be sprinkled in forgiveness of sin; fat tail, all the reminder wrath of God against sin in
Offering front of the veil and put cleansing from kidneys, lobe was to be burnt our stead as our substitute.
on the horns of the altar defilement. of the liver). outside the camp The holiness of God and the
Leviticus 4; of incense. where the ashes horror of sin are brought out
5:1-13; For all other people: were thrown. in the bullock being entirely
6:24-30; 8:14-17; The blood was to be put burnt up outside the camp.
16:3-22 on the horns of the altar Atonement for
of burnt offering. others: all of the It pictures Messiah,
reminder, had to be forsaken of God, as our Sin-
Male goat: for leader. eaten within bearer as given in Psalm 22.
Female goat or lamb: courtyard of Which is a poetic version of
for common person. tabernacle. Isaiah 52:13-53:12

Dove or pigeon: for the

poor.

1/10 Ephah of fine

flour: for the very poor.
‫אשׁם‬ Ram. Mandatory atonement Fatty portions All of the reminder Nothing. This offering presents
Asham – for unintentional sin (fat covering had to be eaten Messiah who died for our
Trespass or requiring restitution; inner parts; within courtyard of sins and trespasses on the
Guilt Offering cleansing from fat tail, tabernacle. cross (Isaiah 52:13-53:12)
defilement; make kidneys, lobe restoring that which He took
Leviticus 5:14- restitution; pay 1/5 extra of the liver). not away (Psalm 69:4). He
19; 6:1-7; as a penalty. has not only answered to
7:1-6 God for our sins and paid
our debt by.
More than one offering
When more than one kind of offering was presented (as in Numbers 6:16-17), the procedure was usually as follows:
First was offered the sin offering or trespass offering,
This was followed by the burnt offering,
And the final offering was the peace offering and grain offering (along with a drink offering Leviticus 23:13, 18, 37).

This sequence furnishes part of the spiritual significance of the sacrificial system. First, sin had to be dealt with (sin offering or trespass offering).
Second, the worshiper committed himself completely to God (burnt offering and grain offering). Third, fellowship and communion between the Lord, the
priest and the worshiper was established (peace offering) and true Shalom established.

To state it another way, these sacrifices were first for expiation (sin offerings and trespass offerings), then consecration (burnt offerings and grain
offerings) and finally communion (peace offerings).

Daily Offerings
Daily the priest offered one lamb in the morning service and one lamb in the evening service. On a Sabbath, two additional lambs were offered after the
morning service.

Festival days
There are seven special days designated in Leviticus 23 (verses 7, 8, 21, 25, 28, 30-32, 35-36). These days are like a Sabbaths and are treated like the day
of rest, even though they could occur on any day of the week. On such a day, besides the daily regular offerings, the priest offered two additional lambs
after the morning service and additional sacrifices for the day.

These seven days were:

1. The 1st day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15)
2. The 7th day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 21)
3. The Feast of Weeks (Sivan 6)
4. The Feast of Trumpets (Tishri 1)
5. The Day of Atonement (Tishri 10)
6. The 1st day of the Feast of Tabernacles (Tishri 15)
7. The Last Great Day (Tishri 22)
 Besides the daily regular offerings, additional sacrifices were offered on special festivals:
Burnt Offering Sin Offering
Festival
Bulls Rams Lambs Goat
Rosh Chodesh - New moon 2 1 7 1
Pesach - Feast of Unleavened Bread 2 1 7 1
(7 days total) (14) (7) (49) (7)
Shavuot - Feast of Weeks** 2 1 7 1
Rosh Hashannah - Feast of Trumpets 1 1 7 1
Yom Kippur - The Day of Atonement # 1 1 7 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 1 13 2 14 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 2 12 2 14 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 3 11 2 14 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 4 10 2 14 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 5 9 2 14 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 6 8 2 14 1
Succot - Feast of Tabernacles - Day 7 7 2 14 1
(7 days total) (70) (14) (98) (7)
Hoshana Rabbah - The Last Great Day 1 1 7 1

The burnt offerings were offered along with their grain offerings and drink offerings.
Notes about the offerings on Shavuot, feast of Weeks.
* Some scholars believe that the term gift offering originally referred to all voluntary sacrifices, but that it later came to just refer to non-meat
offerings. Today the afternoon service in the synagogue is called Minchah / Minha
** There seems to be a difference about the offerings recorded for the festival of Shavuot; Feast of Weeks (Pentecost): Numbers 28:27 recorded two
bulls and one ram, however in Leviticus 23:18 Moses writes one bull and two rams, some believe these should be added up, totalling three bulls, three
rams, and fourteen lambs, twenty offerings in all, for burnt offerings; (and the other offerings consisting of two goats for sin offerings to be eaten, and
two lambs for peace offerings to be eaten). Others see possibly a scribal error in Leviticus, and that it should be like the offerings at Pesach, and as is
recorded in Numbers 28:27; two bulls, one ram and seven lambs.
Notes Special Offering on the Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement.
# Normally a bull was offered as sin offering for the whole congregation (Leviticus 4:13-14). But once a year on the Day of Atonement, a goat was
offered instead. And for the High Priest, a bull was offered as sin offering (Leviticus 16:14-15). Another live goat, was to be sent to the wilderness
(Leviticus 16:20-22). This live goat was also called the scapegoat, or the goat for Azazel, which comes from the word removal, as this goat would
remove the sin of Israel. These were the special offerings during the atonement ceremony.
Besides the regular daily offering and atonement sin offerings, one bull, one ram and seven lambs were also offered (Numbers 29:7-11).