UNIT 40TH

Cause Patch
Charm Pursue
Chase Teller
Cliff Touristy
Doorbell Typical
Fight Uncomfortable
Glory Unpleasant
lively Unreliable
Nowhere Woodland
Provide Shore
Rang Someplace
Isle Such
One-mile
outsider

Woodland Lively
Coast Popular
Ocean Peaceful
Isle Beautiful
Cliff Quiet
Forest touristy
shore

GRAMMAR

Prefixes

We can use prefixes (short additions to the beginning of words) to change the meaning of some
adjetives. These prefixes usually mean “not”, for example, displeased=not pleased

Prefix

Dis- ; un- ; in- ; im- ; ir- ; il-

+ adjective = adjective with

negative meaning
Honest Dishonest
Loyal Disloyal
Pleased Displeased
Happy Unhappy
Tidy Untidy
Usual Unusual
Complete Incomplete
Correct Incorrect
 Formal Informal
Patient Impatient
Polite Impolite
Possible Impossible
Replaceable Irreplaceable
Responsible Irresponsible
Legal illegal
Literate Illiterate
Logical Illogical

We can add a prefix to an adjective that already contains a suffix:

- Unmistakable
- Unhelpful
- Irreplaceable
- Inexpensive
- Independent

If the adjective begins with the sound /p/ we often use im-, not in-, to make the negative form:

- Polite  impolite NOT inpolite

- Perfect  imperfect NOT inperfect

We often use ir- before the sound /r/:

Responsible  irresponsible NOT inresponsible

However, there are some exceptions where we sometimes use un- before the sound /r/, for
example:

Reliable  unreliable

We often use il- before the sound /l/ :

Logical  illogical NOT inlogical

Compound adjetives

Compound adjetives can be made from nouns, adjetives, verbs, and adverbs. They usually have a
hyphen (-) between the words when they come before a noun:

Number /measurement + noun

Two-hour
Five-day
Ten-kilometer
Tenth-century
Two-seater
Half-price
Part-time
 Full-time
Ten-year old

Adjective + noun

High-quality
High-level
High-speed
Low-price
Low-calorie

Noun + adjective

User-friendly
Child-friendly
Color-blind
Duty-free
World-wide

Adjective / adverb + ed/ -ing participle

Right-handed
Short-tempered
Well-known
Well-paid
Good-looking
Loose-fitting
Fast-moving
Best-selling
Hard-working

Verb + preposition /adverb

Drive-in
Burnt-out
Build-up
Worn-out
Broke-down

Self + verb /adjective / noun

Self-employed
Self-confident
Self-service
Self-assembly
The noun in a compound adjective is usually singular

 He’s a ten year-old boy. NOT He’s a ten-years old boy

 It was a three-hour film. NOT it was a three hours film

Nouns that require no article

Some common phrases do not require an article(a, an, the)

Meals

 We had lunch in a nice restaurant

Nouns + number

 The train leaves from platform 14

Time

 It was ready on Wednesday

 He worked at night

Bed / work / home

 She had breakfast in bed

 I didn’t go to work yesterday
 They worked at home

Travel

 She went by train

 They left by taxi

Two-word adjetives

We can join two words together to make a compound adjective. We use a hyphen when the
compound adjetives comes before a noun

 High / speed = it’s a high-speed train

 Two / hour = it’s a two-hour journey
 Full /time it’s a full-time job
LESSON TWO

VOCABULARY

Arrival Raincoat
Avoid Desert osland
Breakdown First-class
Breeze Getaways
Climate Itinerary
Countryside Lounge
Delay Stubborn
Luxury sunscreen
Mild
pleasant

GRAMMAR

Expressing duration of time

We can use hour / day / month / year phrases +‘s to show how long something lasts

 I have a week’s holiday

 They had a day’s rest
 He’s owed two days’ pay
 He decided on a month’s break before working again

Indirect questions

The form of indirect questions is similar to the form of reported questions:

- Could you tell me where Studio 5 is?

We can use indirect questions to be polite or if we think the person we are asking may not know
the answer to the question. We introduce the question with a polite phrase

For yes / no questions, use if or whether to introduce the indirect questions

- Is this the correct gate for the train to NYC?

- Excuse me, Can/ Could you tell me if / whether this is the correct gate for the train to
NYC?

For information questions, use the wh-words.

- What time does the filme finish?  do you know what time the filme finishies?
- What do you think about my idea?  I’d like to know what you think about my idea

The word order in indirect question is a statement order, not questions order.

Can you tell me if this is the road to the city? NOT can you tell me if is this the road to the city?

Do you know who the manager is here? NOT Do you know who is the manager here?
COMMUNICATION

Travel by bus / train

Trabel on a ferry

Fly first-class / coach

Take the blue line

Change / get off at (the station)

Rent a car

LESSON THREE

VOCABULARY

Average Impressive
Corner Injure
Flour Layer
Fry Low
Olive oil Melt
Peel Middle
Slice Slightly
Stand for tablespoon

GRAMMAR

Present Perfect

We can use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that started in the past but are still
relevant now or have results in the present

To form the present perfect, use: have / has + past participle. Most verbs are regular – you add –
ed to the verb. Some verbs are irregular. You need to memorize the past participle

Some irregular verbs

Present Past Participle Present Past Participle

Be Been Lose Lost
Bring Brought Make Made
Eat Eaten See Seen
Feel Felt Show Shown
Have Had Throw Thrown
Leave Left Win Won
  How long had he worked here?
 He’s (has) worked here for three months (he started working here three months ago, he’s
still working here)

 How long have they lived there?

 They’ve (have) lived there since Christmas

 What did you think of the movie?

 It’s the best movie I’ve seen in years

Prepositions to Describe Movement

We can use the following prepositions to describe movement

Along=He wolked along the path

Through= she ran through the crowds

Across= he reached across the table

Under = The dog went under the table

Over = they climbed over the mountain

Past = they walked past the store

Into = let’s go into the house

Out of = can you get my shoes out of the closet?

Onto = the cat jumped onto the table

Off = the cat jumped off the table

Expressing Similarity with Look / Feel / Taste / Sound + Like

We use verbs such as look / feel / taste / sound + like to show how one situation is similar to
another

It looks like a disaster movie

It sounds like an airplane taking off

It feels like a winter’s day

It tastes like my mother’s cooking