IBM Training Front cover

Student Notebook

Power Systems for AIX II: AIX Implementation and

Administration
Course code AN12 ERC 4.0

Trademarks
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Agent™
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Language Environment® Micro-Partitioning® Notes®
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January 2015 edition

The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is distributed on an “as is” basis without
any warranty either express or implied. The use of this information or the implementation of any of these techniques is a customer
responsibility and depends on the customer’s ability to evaluate and integrate them into the customer’s operational environment. While
each item may have been reviewed by IBM for accuracy in a specific situation, there is no guarantee that the same or similar results will
result elsewhere. Customers attempting to adapt these techniques to their own environments do so at their own risk.

© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2009, 2015.

This document may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.

Contents
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

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without the prior written permission of IBM.
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Course description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

Agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Unit 1. Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system administration . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
AIX overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Logical partition overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4
Dynamic logical partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Workload partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
Live Partition Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7
POWER7 and POWER8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8
Typical Power system layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
The HMC (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11
The HMC (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12
LPAR virtualization overview (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13
LPAR virtualization overview (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15
Virtual I/O Server overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17
Virtualization example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-18
Role of the system administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-20
Who can perform administration tasks? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21
How can you perform administration tasks? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-23
Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-24
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-25
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-26

Unit 2. AIX system management tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2
UNIX system administration challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
System management objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
AIX administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
SMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
SMIT main menu (text based) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
Dialog screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Output screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11
SMIT log and script files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
IBM Systems Director Console for AIX (pconsole) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14
Console interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-16
Console applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-18
Console management view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19
System health (1 of 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-21
System health (2 of 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22
System health (3 of 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24
Classical SMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26
DCEM portlet (1 of 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-27
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DCEM portlet (2 of 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-28

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DCEM portlet (3 of 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-29
DCEM portlet (4 of 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-30
DCEM portlet (5 of 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-
31 Console logging and tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-32 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.2-34
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-
35
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-36

Unit 3. System startup and shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-
2 System startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-3 Managed system
activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
Startup modes for AIX (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Startup modes for AIX (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
AIX startup process overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
AIX partition activation (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
AIX partition activation (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
The alog command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-
11 /etc/inittab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-13 Run levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.3-15 Directory and script
control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
System Resource Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18
Listing subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-
19 SRC control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-20 AIX partition shutdown (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.3-21
AIX partition shutdown (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23
Managed system shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25
Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-28

Unit 4. AIX installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-

1 Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-2 Installation methods for AIX 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4-3
AIX installation in a partition (DVD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4
Installing AIX from DVD (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Installing AIX from DVD (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
Installation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-
7 Installation and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-8 Method of installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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.4-9 Installation
disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11 Set
Primary Language Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12
Security Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-
13 Software install options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-15
Install summary and installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
Accept License Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-17
AIX installation: Post steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-18
Installation Assistant and login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-
19 AIX installation in a partition using NIM: NIM overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-20 AIX installation in a partition using NIM: Configuration steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4-22
Network boot (1 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-23
Network boot (2 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24
Network boot (3 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-25
Network boot (4 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-26
Network boot (5 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27
Network boot (6 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-28
Network boot (7 of 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-29
Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-
30 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-31
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32

Unit 5. AIX software installation and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-

1 Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-2 AIX
media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
Software packaging definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5
Software bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7
AIX software levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8
What is my AIX version? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10
Software installation and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-
11 Software repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-12 Software states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.5-13 Software listing and
versioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14 lslpp, filesets, and
files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15 Installing new
software using SMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16 Installing
software using command line: Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-17 RedHat
Package Manager filesets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19
Applying patches to the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-
21 Applying patches, apply, commit, reject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-22 Listing fixes (APARs) installed on the

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system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23 Interim fix management . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-24
Removing installed software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-
25 Recovering from broken or inconsistent states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-26 Service update management
assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-27 SUMA base
configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-28
SUMA task configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-29
SUMA command line execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-30
Fix Central website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-32
Fix Level Recommendation Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-33
Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-34
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-35
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-36

Unit 6. System configuration and devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
Device terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-3
System components locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5
Device addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
Physical location code examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-
8 Virtual location codes example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-9 System configuration and device overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-11 Device commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.6-12 prtconf (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.6-13 prtconf (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.6-14 lscfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.6-15 lsdev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.6-16
lsslot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-
18 lsattr and chdev commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-19 Device states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.6-20 /dev directory, device configuration, and
control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-21 rendev
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-22
Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-
23 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-24
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-25

Unit 7. System storage overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Components of AIX storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
Traditional UNIX disk storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-
4 Benefits of the LVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-5 Logical Volume Manager components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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without the prior written permission of IBM.
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.7-6 Physical
storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8 Volume
groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10
Volume group descriptor area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-
12
Logical storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-13
Uses of logical volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-15
What is a file system? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-17
Why have multiple file systems? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-19
Standard file systems in AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-
20 /etc/filesystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-22 Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.7-24 Mounting over an empty
directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25
Mounting over files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-26
Listing file systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-27
Listing logical volume information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-28
Checkpoint (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-29
Checkpoint (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-30
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-31
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32

Unit 8. Working with the Logical Volume Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2
Logical Volume Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3
SMIT Volume Groups menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4
Adding a volume group to the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-
5 Adding a scalable volume group to the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-6 Listing volume groups and VG attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.8-7 Listing PVs in a VG and VG
contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-8 Change a Volume
Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-10 Extend and
reduce a VG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-11 Remove a
volume group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-13 Activate
and Deactivate a Volume Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-14 Import
and Export a Volume Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-15
Logical storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-16
LVM and RAID support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-
17 LVM options which affect performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-18 Mirroring
(RAID1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-19
Mirroring, allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-20
Striping (RAID 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-21
Striping and mirroring (RAID 10 or 1+0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-
23 Mirror pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-24 Logical volume placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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without the prior written permission of IBM.
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.8-26 Mirroring scheduling
policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-28 Mirror write
consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-30
SMIT Logical Volumes menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-32
Add a Logical Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-33
Show LV characteristics (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-34
Show LV characteristics (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-
35 Reorganize logical volumes in a volume group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-36 Add Copies to a Logical
Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-37 Increase the Size of a
Logical Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-38 Remove a Logical
Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-39 List all logical
volumes by volume group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-40 Mirroring
volume groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-41 Physical
volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42 SMIT
Physical Volumes menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-43 List
physical volume information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-44
List logical volumes on a physical volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-
45 List a physical volume partition map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-46 Add or move contents of physical
volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-47 Documenting the disk storage
setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-48 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-49
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-
50
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-51

Unit 9. File system administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-2
Journaled file system support in AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3
Advantages of enhanced JFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-4
JFS2 structural components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-
5 Listing i-node and block size information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7
Creating a JFS2 file system (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-8
Creating a JFS2 file system (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-9
Mounting a file system and the /etc/filesystems file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-10
JFS2 logging options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-11
Creating a file system on a previously defined logical volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-12
Changing the size of a JFS2 file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-13
Removing a JFS2 file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-
14 File system space management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-16
Listing file system utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-17
Monitoring file system growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-
18 Listing disk usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
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9-19 Control growing files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.9-21 The skulker command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.9-23 Block size considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.9-24 Fragmentation
considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-26 Verify and
repair a file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-27
Documenting file system setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-
28 System storage review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-29 Checkpoint (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.9-30
Checkpoint (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-31
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-32
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-33

Unit 10. Paging space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-

1 Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2 What is paging space? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.10-3 Paging space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.10-5 Sizing paging
space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-7 Paging
space thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-9
Checking paging space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-12
Paging space placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-13
Adding paging space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-15
Change paging space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-16
Removing paging space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-18
Problems with paging space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-
19 Documenting paging space setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-20 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.10-21
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-
22
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-23

Unit 11. Backup and restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-
2 Backup introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11-3 System image backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.11-5 Creating a mksysb image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.11-7 image.data file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.11-9 bosinst.data
file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-11 mksysb
tape image format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13
Restoring a mksysb: From tape device (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-15
Restoring a mksysb: From tape device (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-
16 Restoring a mksysb: From a NIM server (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
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TOC
11-18 Restoring a mksysb: From NIM server (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.11-19 Creating a backup of a data volume
group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-20 Restoring a backup of a data
volume group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-21 Traditional UNIX and AIX
backup commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-23 Backup by file name
and restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-24 Backup and restore
by inode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-26 tar
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-28
cpio command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-
29 pax command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11-30 dd command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.11-31
Compression commands (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-32
Compression commands (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-
33 Good practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11-34 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.11-36
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-
37
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-38

Unit 12. Security and user administration: Part one. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-2
12.1. Security and user concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-3
Security and user concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-4
User accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-
5 Controlling access to the root account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-6 Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.12-7 System defined
groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-9
Role based access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-11
File/directory permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13
Reading permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-15
Changing permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-
16 umask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-18 Changing ownerships and groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.12-20 Security policy and
setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-21
Topic summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-22
12.2. User and group administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-23
User and group administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-24
Security files and security commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-25
Validating the user environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-26
chsec, lssec, and stanza format security files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-28
User and group administration hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-
30 Security & Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V9.0
Student Notebook

TOC
12-31 SMIT
users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-33
Listing users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-34
Add or change a user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-35
Assign a password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-37
Regaining root’s password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-39
/etc/passwd file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-40
/etc/security/passwd file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-
42
SMIT groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-44
Listing groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-45
Add or change a group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-
46 Group files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-48 Remove a user or group from the
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-49 Files owned by removed user or
group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-50
Topic summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-51
Checkpoint (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-52
Checkpoint (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-53
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-54
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-55

Unit 13. Security and user administration: Part two. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-2
13.1. Additional user administration tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-3
Additional user administration tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-4
Console login sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-5
Login related attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-
7 Security logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-9 User environment setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-11 Customizing default user setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.13-12
Message of the day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-14
Blocked user accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-15
Prevent vulnerable passwords (1 of 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-16
Prevent vulnerable passwords (2 of 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-18
Prevent vulnerable passwords (3 of 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-19
Topic summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-21
13.2. Basics of enhanced RBAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-23
Basics of enhanced RBAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-24
RBAC overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-
25 RBAC defined roles and authorizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-26 RBAC (basic) implementation steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.13-29
RBAC example (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-30

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009, 2015 Contents xii

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V9.0
Student Notebook

TOC
RBAC example (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-
31 Topic summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-32 Checkpoint (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.13-33
Checkpoint (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-34
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-35
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-36

Unit 14. Scheduling and time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-

1 Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14-2 The cron daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.14-3 crontab files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.14-5 Format of a crontab
file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6 Editing a crontab
file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-8 The at and batch
commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-10
Controlling at jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-
12 Documenting scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14-13 System clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.14-14 Setting date and
time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-15 Time zone
variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-16 Time
zone formats in AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-18
Setting POSIX time zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-19
POSIX time zone variable breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-20
Setting Olson time zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-22
Configuring NTP client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-
23 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14-25 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.14-26
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-27

Unit 15. TCP/IP networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-

1 Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-2 What is
TCP/IP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-3 TCP/IP
layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-4
LAN and broadcast domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-6
Ethernet adapters and interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-7
Virtual LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-
9 Trunk ports and 802.1Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-
10 VLAN aware hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-11
AIX VLAN tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-12
IP and subnet addressing (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-13

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TOC
IP and subnet addressing (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-14
Subnetting example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-
15 Supernetting example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-16
How is TCP/IP configured on AIX? (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-17
How is TCP/IP configured on AIX? (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-18
Command line TCP/IP configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-19
Verifying network interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-20
Name resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-21
Routing implementation (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-23
Routing implementation (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-25
Multipath routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-26
IP aliasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-
27 Testing for remote connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-28 Ports and sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.15-30 inetd
daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-31
TCP/IP start-up flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-32
Remote UNIX commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-
33 Transferring files over a network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-34
Network file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-35
NFS server configuration (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-36
NFS server configuration (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-38
Manual NFS client mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-40
Predefined NFS client mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-
41 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-43 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.15-44
Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-45

Unit 16. Introduction to Workload Partitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1

Unit objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-2
Workload partition overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-3
Comparing WPARs to LPARs for consolidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-5
Default WPAR network configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-7
WPAR resource control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-8
System versus application WPARs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-10
System WPAR process space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-
12 System WPAR file systems space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16-13 System WPAR storage and device
access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-15 Types of system WPARs . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-16
Versioned WPAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-18
Basic system WPAR commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-19

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TOC
Application WPARs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-20
Workload Partition Manager overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-
21 Checkpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16-22 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.16-23 Unit summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.16-24 Appendix A. Printers and
queues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Appendix B. Checkpoint solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

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TMK
Trademarks
The reader should recognize that the following terms, which appear in the content of this training
document, are official trademarks of IBM or other companies:
IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International
Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide.
The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, registered in many
jurisdictions worldwide:
Active Memory™ AIX 5L™ AIX 6™
AIX® DB2® Electronic Service
Agent™
Everyplace® HACMP™ Informix®
Language Environment® Micro-Partitioning® Notes®
Power Architecture® POWER Hypervisor™ Power Systems™
Power® PowerHA® PowerVM®
POWER6® POWER7® POWER8™
PureFlex® Redbooks® System Storage®
Tivoli® WebSphere®
Intel is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United
States and other countries.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
Java™ and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Oracle and/or its affiliates.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies.

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pref
Course description
Power Systems for AIX II: AIX Implementation and Administration

Duration: 5 days

Purpose
Students will learn to install, customize, and administer the AIX operating
system in a multiuser Power Systems partitioned environment. The course
is based on AIX 7.1 running on a Power Systems server managed by
Hardware Management Console and provides practical discussions that
are appropriate to earlier AIX releases.

Audience
This intermediate course is intended for system administrators or anyone
implementing and managing an AIX operating system in a multiuser Power
Systems partitioned environment.

Prerequisites
The students attending this course should already be able to:
• Log in to an AIX system and set a user password
• Execute basic AIX commands
• Manage files and directories
• Use the vi editor
• Use redirection, pipes, and tees
• Use the utilities find and grep

• Use the command and variable substitution

• Set and change Korn shell variables
• Write simple shell scripts
• Use a graphic Common Desktop Environment (CDE) interface
These skills can be acquired by attending AIX Basics (AN10) or through
equivalent AIX or UNIX knowledge. Also, it would be helpful (but not
mandatory) if students were familiar with partitioning concepts and
technology taught in Power Systems for AIX I: LPAR Configuration and
Planning (AN11).

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Course description

Objectives
On completion of this course, students should be able to:
• Install the AIX operating system, filesets, and RedHat Package Manager (RPM)
packages
• Perform system startup and shutdown
• Discuss and use system management tools such as System
Management Interface Tool (SMIT) and IBM Systems Director console for AIX
• Manage physical and logical devices
• Discuss the purpose of the logical volume manager
• Perform logical volume and file system management
• Create and manage user and group accounts
• Perform and restore system backups
• Utilize administrative subsystems, including cron to schedule system tasks, and
security to implement customized access of files and directories
• Configure TCP/IP networking
• Define and run basic Workload Partitions (WPAR)

Contents
• Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system administration
• AIX system management tools
• System startup and shutdown
• AIX installation
• AIX software installation and maintenance
• System configuration and devices
• System storage overview
• Working with the Logical Volume Manager
• File system administration
• Paging space
• Backup and restore
• Security and user administration
• Scheduling and time
• TCP/IP networking
• Introduction to Workload Partitions

Curriculum relationship
This course should follow the AIX Basics course. A basic understanding of hardware,
the AIX environment, and simple commands is recommended before taking this course.
pref
Agenda

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Day 1
Welcome
Unit 1: Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system
administration
Exercise 1: Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system
administration
Unit 2: AIX system management tools
Exercise 2: Using system management tools in AIX
Unit 3: System startup and shutdown
Exercise 3: System startup and shutdown
Unit 4: AIX installation
Exercise 4: AIX installation

Day 2
Unit 5: AIX software installation and maintenance
Exercise 5: AIX software installation and maintenance
Unit 6: System configuration and devices
Exercise 6: System configuration and devices
Unit 7: System storage overview
Exercise 7: System storage overview: LVM commands
Unit 8: Working with the Logical Volume Manager Exercise 8:
Working with LVM

Day 3
Unit 9: File systems administration
Exercise 9: File system administration
Unit 10: Paging space
Exercise 10: Page space
Unit 11: Backup and restore
Exercise 11: Backup and restore

Day 4
Unit 12: Security and user administration: Part one
Exercise 12: Security and user administration: Part one
Unit 13: Security and user administration: Part two
Exercise 13: Security and user administration: Part two
Unit 14: Scheduling and time
Exercise 14: Scheduling
Unit 15: TCP/IP networking

Agenda

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Day 5
Unit 15: TCP/IP networking (continued)
Exercise 15: TCP/IP networking
Unit 16: Introduction to Workload Partitions Exercise 16: Workload Partitions

xviii AIX Implementation and Administration

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Unit 1. Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and
system administration
What this unit is about
This unit provides an introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system
administration.

What you should be able to do

After completing this unit, you should be able to:
• Define terminology and concepts of IBM Power System servers, virtualization,
HMC, and AIX
• Describe the roles of the system administrator
• Obtain root access with the su command

How you will check your progress

• Checkpoint questions
• Machine exercises

References
Online AIX 7.1 Information

POO03022USEN
AIX - From Strength to Strength
Note: References listed as online are available through the IBM Knowledge
Center at the following address:
http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.b
ase/kc_welcome_71.htm

Unit objectives

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After completing this unit, you should be able to:
• Define terminology and concepts of IBM Power System
servers, virtualization, HMC, and AIX
• Describe the roles of the system administrator
• Obtain root access with sucommand
the

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-1. Unit objectives AN124.0

Notes:

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IBM Power Systems

AIX overview
• IBM’s proprietary operating system based on UNIX System V.
– Also has BSD compatible commands and programming interface extensions
• Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) runs on proprietary hardware
(H/W) called IBM Power Systems.
– Eighth generation of Power, based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer
(RISC) technology
• Most Power Systems today run many instances of AIX in partitions that
are known as logical partitions (LPAR).
– This is H/W partitioning that is managed by the system firmware, Power
Hypervisor
LPAR:
AIX1

LPAR:
AIX2

LPAR:
AIX3

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-2. AIX overview AN124.0

Notes:
Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) is IBM's proprietary UNIX OS based on UNIX System V with
4.3BSD-compatible command and programming interface extensions.
Announcement Letter Number 286-004 dated January 21, 1986:

• “The AIX Operating System is based on INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation's IN/ix, which,
in turn, is based on UNIX System V, as licensed by AT&T Bell Laboratories. Some portions
of the modifications and enhancements were developed by IBM; others were developed by
INTERACTIVE under contract to IBM.”

Logical partition overview

• An LPAR is the allocation of system resources to create logically
separate systems within the same physical footprint.

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• The resource allocation and isolation for a logical partition is

IBM Power Systems
implemented in firmware that is called Power Hypervisor.
– Provides configuration flexibility
• Each partition has its own:
– Operating system
– Resources: Processors, memory, devices (defined in a profile)
• Partitions can consist of physical (real) or virtual devices
– Or a combination of both

sys1 sys2 sys3 sys4

04:42 14:42 11:42 19:42

LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4

Power Hypervisor
System Hardware (memory, processors, devices )
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-3. Logical partition overview AN124.0

Notes:
Logical partition (LPAR)
Logical partitioning is the ability to make a single system run as if it were two or more systems.
Each partition represents a division of resources in the Power System. The partitions are logical
because the division of resources is logical and not along physical boundaries.
Hypervisor Partitions are isolated from each other by firmware (underlying software) called the
POWER Hypervisor. The names POWER Hypervisor and Hypervisor will be used interchangeably
in this course.
Each partition has its own environment, for example – IP address or time of day, just as any AIX
instance.

Dynamic logical partitioning

• DLPAR is the ability to add, remove, and move resources
without reactivation of a partition.
– Processor, memory, and I/O allocation changes
• Processors and memory quantities are bound by the
minimum and maximum profile settings.

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IBM Power Systems

• Applications can be DLPAR-aware.

Before After

LPAR 1 LPAR 1
DLPAR operation: (running) (running)
- Add 2.0 CPU
- Remove 4 Gb Mem 2.0 CPU 4.0 CPU
- Move the DVD slot to LPAR 2 16 Gb Mem 12 Gb Mem

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-4. Dynamic logical partitioning AN124.0

Notes:
Dynamic Logical partitioning (DLPAR)
The term Dynamic in DLPAR means we can add, move, or remove resources without having to
reactivate the partition. If there are partitions that need more or can do with fewer resources, you
can dynamically move the resources between partitions within the managed system without
shutting down the partitions. Both the source and the destination partitions must support the
dynamic partitioning operation.
Processors and memory
Each running LPAR has an active profile, which contains the resources that LPAR is entitled to.
For processor and memory settings, there is a maximum and a minimum range. These
boundaries cannot be exceeded when performing dynamic reallocation operations.
Applications
Some applications and utilities might not be DLPAR-aware. If they bind to a processor or pin
memory, then you might need to stop these processes before you are able to perform the DLPAR
operation. IBM provides an Application Programming Interface (API) for third-party program
DLPAR support on AIX 5L, AIX 6 and AIX 7.

Workload partitions
• Software (S/W) partitioning is managed by AIX.
– This has been available since AIX 6.1.
• Many AIX OS images can reside within a master global AIX image.

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• Live Application Mobility allows WPAR relocation to another box or

IBM Power Systems
LPAR.
• WPARs provide automatic workload balancing.
• WPAR technology is not H/W dependent.
– Support is available on servers from POWER4 through POWER8.

AIX1

AIX2
AIX3

WPAR mgr

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-5. Workload partitions AN124.0

Notes:
Workload partitions (WPAR) are virtualized, secure operating system environments, within a single
instance of the AIX operating system. Live Application Mobility is a capability of WPAR technology,
which allows partitions to move between systems with limited application downtime (for example,
20 seconds).

Live Partition Mobility

• Live Partition Mobility allows running AIX partitions to be migrated from
one physical server to another without downtime.
– For POWER6 and later, LPARs must not contain any physical devices

No
Downtime
LPAR:

LPAR:
AIX1

AIX1

• Partition mobility provides systems management flexibility and is

designed to improve system availability.
– Can help avoid planned outages for hardware or firmware maintenance
– Can help avoid unplanned downtime

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• If a server indicates a potential failure, you can move its partitions to another server
IBM Power Systems
before the failure occurs.
– Enables optimized resource use by moving workloads from server to server

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-6. Live Partition Mobility AN124.0

Notes:
Live Partition Mobility is a new capability that enables users to move partitions between systems
with no application downtime. Live Partition Mobility enables organizations to move LPARs from
CPU intensive servers to improve overall throughput based on requirements at a particular time.
This also allows us to use a maintenance window on a physical machine without the need for any
application downtime. The only interruption of service would be due to network latency. If sufficient
bandwidth was available, a delay of at most, a few seconds, typically is expected.

POWER7 and POWER8

E880

Virtualization and Mgmt. E870

POWER8

Power
S814 760+
Power
S824 750+ Enterprise
S822

Midrange PureSystems
Scale-Out

S824L
S822L p460+

S812L p270+
POWER7+ p260+
Linux only Systems
PureFlex

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2015

Figure 1-7. POWER7 and POWER8 AN124.0

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Notes:
IBM Power Systems

IBM often introduces new models and updates the current range of servers on a frequent basis.
Here is a summary of the model differences.
IBM PureFlex System with POWER7:
Flex System 260 - 16 cores, 512 GB, 2 drives.
Flex System 460 - double-wide, 32 cores, 1 TB, 2 drives.
In the following models, unless stated otherwise, there are 4, 6, or 8 cores per socket.
Models with I/O expansion abilities:
Power 750 - 6 or 8 cores per socket, 4 sockets, 1 TB, 8 drives
High Performance Computing:
Power 760 - similar to Power 750, 2 TB
Scale-Out
Power Systems S822 - Up to 20 cores, 2 sockets, 2U, 1 TB, 9 PCIe Gen 3, AIX, and Linux

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IBM Power Systems

Power Systems S814 - Up to 8 cores, 1 socket, 4U, 512 GB, 7 PCIe Gen 3, AIX, IBM i,
Linux Power Systems S824- Up to 24 cores, 2-socket, 4U, 1 TB, 11 PCIe Gen 3, AIX, IBM
i, Linux Linux only systems:
Power Systems S812L - 1-socket, 2U, POWER8 processor
Power Systems S822L - 2-socket, 2U, POWER8 processor, up to 24 cores, 1 TB, 9
PCI Gen3 slot
Power Systems S824L - 2-socket, 4U, up to 24
cores Large enterprise server:
Power E870 - 1 or 2 nodes per system, 32 or 40 core nodes (5U), up to 64 or 80 cores,
up to 2 TB / node memory (4 TB Max), up to 8 I/O Expansion drawers
Power E880 - 1 to 4 nodes per system, 32 or 48 core nodes (5U), up to 128 or 192
cores, up to
4 TB / node memory (16 TB max), up to 16 I/O Expansion
drawers For further details see the Power Systems facts and
features guide:
http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/reports/factsfeatures.html

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009, 2015 Unit 1. Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system
1-9
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in
part without the prior written permission of IBM.
V9.0
Student Notebook

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IBM Power Systems

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009, 2015 Unit 1. Introduction to IBM Power Systems, AIX, and system
1-10
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in
part without the prior written permission of IBM.