MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING

Summary:
Summary

In the Italian town of Messina, the wealthy and kindly Leonato prepares to welcome home some soldier friends
who are returning from a battle. These friends include Don Pedro of Aragon, a highly respected nobleman, and a
brave young soldier named Claudio, who has won much honor in the fighting. Leonato’s young daughter, Hero,
and her cousin, Beatrice, accompany him. Beatrice asks about the health of another soldier in Don Pedro’s army,
a man named Signor Benedick. Beatrice cleverly mocks and insults Benedick. A messenger from Don Pedro
defends Benedick as an honorable and virtuous man, but Leonato explains that Beatrice and Benedick carry on a
“merry war” of wits with one another, trading jibes whenever they meet. Beatrice confirms this statement, noting
that in their most recent conflict, “four of his five wits went halting off, and now is the whole man governed with
one” (I.i.52–54).

Don Pedro arrives at Leonato’s house with his two friends, Claudio and Benedick, and they are joyfully
welcomed. Also accompanying Don Pedro is his quiet, sullen, illegitimate brother, Don John “the Bastard,” with
whom Don Pedro has recently become friendly after a period of mutual hostility. While Leonato and Don Pedro
have a private talk, Beatrice and Benedick take up their war of wits. In an extremely fast-paced exchange of
barbs, they insult one another’s looks, intelligence, and personality. When Benedick tells Beatrice proudly that he
has never loved a woman and never will, Beatrice responds that women everywhere ought to rejoice.

Don Pedro tells Benedick, Claudio, and Don John that Leonato has invited them all to stay with him for a month,
and that Don Pedro has accepted. Everyone goes off together except Claudio and Benedick. Claudio shyly asks
Benedick what he thinks of Hero, announcing that he has fallen in love with her. Benedick jokingly plays down
Hero’s beauty, teasing Claudio for thinking about becoming a tame husband. But when Don Pedro returns to look
for his friends, Benedick tells him Claudio’s secret, and Don Pedro approves highly of the match. Since Claudio is
shy and Leonato is Don Pedro’s close friend, Don Pedro proposes a trick: at the costume ball to be held that
night, Don Pedro will disguise himself as Claudio and declare his love to Hero. He will then talk with Leonato, her
father, which should enable Claudio to win Hero without difficulty. Full of plans and excitement, the three friends
head off to get ready for the ball.

Analysis:Act One Scene One

Beatrice and Benedick are perhaps Shakespeare’s most famously witty characters; neither ever lets the other
say anything without countering it with a pun or criticism. One notable characteristic of their attacks upon each
other is their ability to extend a metaphor throughout lines of dialogue. When Benedick calls Beatrice a “rare
parrot-teacher,” Beatrice responds, “A bird of my tongue is better than a beast of yours” (I.i.114). Benedick
continues the reference to animals in his response, saying, “I would my horse had the speed of your tongue”
(I.i.115). It is as if each anticipates the other’s response. Though their insults are biting, their ability to maintain
such clever, interconnected sparring seems to illustrate the existence of a strong bond between them.

Beatrice and Benedick have courted in the past, and Beatrice’s viciousness stems from the fact that Benedick
previously abandoned her. When she insists that Benedick “set up his bills here in Messina and challenged
Cupid at the flight, and my uncle’s fool, reading the challenge, subscribed for Cupid,” she describes a “battle” of
love between herself and Benedick that she has lost (I.i.32–34). The result is what Leonato describes as “a kind
of merry war betwixt Sir Benedick and [Beatrice]. They never meet but there’s a skirmish of wit between them”
(I.i.49–51).

Another purpose of the dialogue between Benedick and Beatrice, as well as that among Benedick, Claudio, and
Don Pedro, is to explore the complex relationships between men and women. Both Benedick and Beatrice claim
to scorn love. As Benedick says to Beatrice, “[I]t is certain I am loved of all ladies, only you excepted. And I would
I could find it in my heart that I had not a hard heart, for truly I love none” (I.i.101–104). Benedick thus sets
himself up as an unattainable object of desire. With her mocking reply that “I had rather hear my dog bark at a
crow than a man swear he loves me,” Beatrice similarly puts herself out of reach (I.i.107–108). Both at this point
appear certain that they will never fall in love or marry.

Benedick’s disdain for matrimony arises again when he realizes that Claudio is seriously contemplating asking
Hero for her hand in marriage. Until this point, all the soldiers have exhibited a kind of macho pride in being
bachelors, but Claudio now seems happy to find himself falling in love, and Don Pedro rejoices in his young
friend’s decision. Benedick alone swears, “I will live a bachelor” (I.i.201). Don Pedro’s teasing rejoinder, “I shall
see thee ere I die look pale with love. . . . ‘In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke,’ ” suggests his belief that
love does conquer all, even those as stubborn as Benedick (I.i.202–214).