J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No.

6A

odyÜHarmif0ESifhpmaya0zefa&;
Ä
olZmat;
pmwrf;tusOf;
þpmwrf;onf odyÜHarmif0\ pmayb0ESifh ol\jrefrmpmay a0zefa&;tjrif
rsm;udk avhvmwifjyxm;aom pmwrf; jzpfygonf/ odyÜHarmif0onf
olUacwfolYtcgu jrefrmpmayudk cspfjrwfEdk;ol? wdk;wufaom pmay
tjrif&Sdol? jrefrmpmay wdk;wufcdkifrma&;twGuf apwemxm;í BudK;yrf;
cJhol? pmaywm0efauscJhol wpfOD;jzpfaMumif; olYpmrsm;u azmfjyae
ygonf/ þpmwrf;wGif uavmiftrnf trsdK;rsdK;jzifh a&;om;cJhaom
pmaya&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;rS ol\pmaya0zefa&;tjrifudk odyÜHarmif0ESifh
pmaya0zefa&; [laom acgif;pOfjzifh avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/ avhvm
wifjy&mwGif pmayESifhpmaya0zefa&;? odyÜHarmif0ESifhjrefrmpmay? odyÜHarmif0
ESifhpmaya0zefa&; [lí tcef;(3)cef;cGJum avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/
þpmwrf;udk avhvmjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmpmay wdk;wufcdkifrma&;twGuf
aqmif½Gufvdkaompdwf? jrefrmpmay acwfrDjyefYyGm;ap&eftwGuf topfxGif
vdkaompdwf? pmayhwm0ef ausyGefaomolwpfa,muf jzpfvdkaompdwfrsm;
jzpfay:vmap&ef &nf½G,fygonf/

ed'gef;
odyÜHarmif0onf udkvdkeDacwfwGif ay:xGef;xif&Sm;cJhaom pma&;q&m wpfOD;
jzpfNyD; pmaya&;om;cJhaom tcsdefumvrSm 1927 ckESpfrSpNyD; oluG,fvGefaom
1943 ckESpfxd (15)ESpfwmrQ MumjrifhcJhygonf/ olonf pma&;jcif;oufoufjzifh
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ol r[kwfbJ tpdk;&0efxrf; t&m&SdwpfOD;tjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmif&if; uavmiftrnfcGJtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh pmayrsdK;pHkudk a&;om;cJhol jzpfonf/
xdkYjyif udkvdkeDacwfu acwfprf;pmayvIyf&Sm;rIwGif odyÜHarmif0onf acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;tjzpf yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhNyD; xdkvIyf&Sm;rIESifh qufEG,fum pmzwfolrsm;\
pdwf0ifpm;jcif;udk cHcJh&ol jzpfygonf/ þodkY pdwf0ifpm;jcif;cHcJh&aom
pma&;q&m odyÜHarmif0\ jrefrmpmaywdk;wufa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;rIrsm;teufrS

Ä a'gufwm? wGJzufygarmu©? jrefrmpmXme? jynfwuúodkvf

132 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

pmaya0zefa&;qdkif&m t,ltqwdkYudk þpmwrf;wGif avhvmwifjyxm;

ygonf/
pma&;ol\pdwfonf olzefwD;aompmwGif xif[yfavh &Sdonf[k
ynm&SifwdkY qdkrdefYonfhtwdkif; pma&;q&m odyÜHarmif0 a&;om;cJhaom pmrsm;udk
zwf½Iavhvmjcif;jzifh ol\ jrefrmpmaytay:xm;aom apwemESifh ol\pmay
oabmw&m;udk awGUjrifEdkifjyD; jrefrmpmaywdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf pmay
wm0efauscJhol wpfOD;jzpfaMumif; avhvmod&SdEdkifygonf/

pmqdk\tw¬KyÜwåt
d usOf;
odyÜHarmif0 (1899-1942) armfvNrdKifNrdKU? rkyGef ewfuRef;&yfü OD;tkef;a½T?
a':a':opf wdkYu 1899 ck ZGefv (5) &ufaeYwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/
om;oHk;a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfNyD; i,frnf armifpdefwifh jzpfonf/
1905 cefYwGif armfvNrdKif rkyGef&yf q&mOD;cspfvSausmif;wGif ausmif;pí
aeonf/ xdkYaemuf armifiH&yf pdefYatm*wfpwif; tufpf*sDyD omoemjyKausmif;odkY
ajymif;í owårwef;atmifonftxd t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ESpfbmomjzifh ynmoif,l
cJhonf/ t|rwef;wGif &Sifr[mAk'¨aCmoausmif;odkY ajymif;a½GUynmqnf;yl;&m
1920 jynfhwGif 'orwef; pmar;yGJudk jrefrmbmom? ygVdbmom *kPfxl;jzifh
atmifonf/ &efukefaumvdyfodyÜHausmif;wGif qufvufynmoif,l&m 1924 ckwGif
tdkifat txufwef; (Oypmwef;)pmar;yGJudk jrefrmbmom yxrqktwGuf
]om'dk;atmifqk}? ygVdbmom yxrqktwGuf ]aumvdyfygVdqkwHqdyf} wdkYjzifh
atmifjrifcJhonf/ xdkodkY xl;cRefaomaMumifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;u wpfv 20 usyf
EIef;jzifh 2 ESpf csD;jr§ifhjcif;? 2 ESpf aphvQif aemufxyf wpfv 25 usyf EIef;jzifh
tpdk;&u axmufyHhcsD;jr§ifhjcif;wdkY &&SdcJhonf/ 1927 ckwGif bDatpmar;yGJudk
yxrwef;*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrif&m ',fvD*srf&S,f*De,fqk &&SdcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf
jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;udk yxrwef;? yxrtqifhjzifh atmifjrifcJhjyefonf/
trfatwef; qufvufwufaepOf tdEd́,EdkifiH 0efxrf;(tdkifpDtufpf)tjzpf a½G;cs,f
cH&aomaMumifh t*FvefEdkifiH atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf c½dkufcsyfcsfaumvdyfwGif
1927 rS 1929 ckxd ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
1921-23 wGif A[ef;Mum;awm&ESifh o&ufawmausmif;wdkYü wnfaxmifonfh
A[dkae&Sife,ftrsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&m? 1927 wGif &efukef
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 133

,leDbmpDwD aumvdyfodyÜHausmif;wGif jrefrmbmombufqdkif&m enf;jyq&m?

1929-1942 rsm;wGif EdkifiHh0efxrf;tjzpf NrdKUtkyf? e,fydkif0efaxmuf? ta&;ydkif?
'kwd,twGif;0ef ponfh &mxl;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh e,ftESHY NrdKUrsm;wGif trIxrf;
cJhonf/
1919 ck 'orwef; ausmif;om;b0uyif ]0ZD&mwifh} uavmif
trnfjzifh owif;pmrsm;ü aqmif;yg;rsm; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ 1925 ck aumvdyf
ausmif;om;b0wGif tdyfpf(x) trSwftom; uavmiftrnfjzifh ,leDbmpDwD
aumvdyfr*¾Zif;ü t*Fvdyfaqmif;yg; pmrsm; a&;om;onf/ aumvdyfodyÜH
ausmif;xkwf vufa&;pmapmif? yHkESdyfpmapmifrsm;wGif ]ae&yfacsmifu vlrnf
armif0} uavmiftrnfESifhvnf; a&;om;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ]odyÜHarmif0}
uavmiftrnftjyif tjcm;uavmiftrnfaygif; 60 cefY oHk;pGJum jrefrmpmay
wdk;wufa&;twGuf uG,fvGefonftxd uavmifrcspwrf; ZGJjzifh pme,fZif;
rsm;pGmwGif pmrsKd;pHkudk a&;om;cJhonf/ xif&Sm;aom vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;rSm
vStHk;r,f (1933)? tjcm;olrsm;ESifhwGJí acwfprf;yHkjyif (yxrwGJ) (1935)?
atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf (1935)? acwfprf;yHkjyif ('kwd,wGJ) (1938)? oHk;yGifhqdkif
acwfprf;pmay (1955)? (aZmf*sD? rif;ok0PfESifh)? rSwfwrf;0ifpmayrsm; (1955)?
acwfprf;&mZ0ifa&;rsm; (1955)? 0w¬Kaqmif;yg;rsm; (1966)? olYpmrsm;u
ajymcJhwJh odyHÜarmif0taMumif; (1966) (olYpmawGuajymwJh odyÜHarmif0?
('k)Budrf? 1970 (jznfhpGuf))? pmay,Ofaus;rI (1976)? armifvlat;tygt0if
odyÜHarmif0\ 0w¬Kaqmif;yg;rsm; (2004)wdkY jzpfMuonf/ 1942 ck? ZGefv
(6)&ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefonf/

1/ pmayESifh pmaya0zefa&;
pmaya0zefa&; [laom pum;wGif pmayESifha0zefa&; [laom pum;vHk;
ESpf&yf aygif;pyfxm;ygonf/
]]pmayqdkonfrSm a&S;tcgurl pmESifha&;xm;aom okw?
&opmaytm;vHk;udk qdkvdkNyD; ,ckacwfwGifrl pmayqdkonfrSm
0w¬K? uAsm? jyZmwf? tprf;pm(pmwrf;i,f) tp&Sdonfh
134 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

&ooabmouf0ifaom pmwdkYudkom pmayac:xdkufaMumif;

em;vnfxm;Muonf/}}1
pmay\t"dyÜm,fudk q&mBuD;'*kefwm&mu-
]]pmay[laom a0g[m&wGif rlvu ay&Gufay:wGif a&;om;
xm;aom tpkta0;udk pmay[lí ac:a0: oHk;EIef;vmjcif;
jzpfayonf/ pmayy&d,wåd [laom toHk;tEIef; &Sdonf/
pmayy&d,wåd [lí qdkvdkufonfESifh bk&m;a[musrf;BuD;?
usrf;*efwdkYyg tusHK;0ifvmavonf/ ,aeY jrefrmpmayonf
wdk;wufBuD;yGm;vmaomtcg pmay\t"dyÜm,fudk aumuf,l
&mwGif a&GUvsm;vmavawmhonf/ ,aeY ynm&yfrsm;udk
tMurf;tm;jzifh tEkynmESifh odyÜHynm [lí cGJjcm;Muonf/
tEkynmonf pdwful;rIynm jzpfí 0w¬K? uAsm? *Dw?
yef;csD? yef;yk? obif paom udpörsm;wGif qef;opfonfh
ynm&yfrsm; yg0ifvmonf/ odyÜHynmonfum; vufawGU
pl;prf;awGU&Sdcsufrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;íjzpfvmaom ynm&yf
jzpfonf/ "mwkaA'? ½lyaA'? ocFsm? blrdaA'? ZD0aA'?
pufrItwwf ponfjzifh rsm;ajrmifvSayonf/ tEkynmESifh
odyÜHynmwdkYonf obm0tm;jzifh jcm;em;rI &SdMuonf/
tEkynmonf pdwful;rIudk tajccHí odyÜHynmonf avhvm
pl;prf;rIudk tajccHonf/ odkYaomf tEkynmESifh odyÜHynm
qufpyfjcif;rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/}}2
xdkzGifhqdkcsuft& pmayqdkonfrSm okwpmay? odyÜHpmayudk rqdkvdkbJ
&opmay zefwD;qef;opfaom pmayudk qdkvdkaMumif; od&SdEdkifygonf/
a0zefa&;[lonf taumif;ESifhtnhHukd cJGjyaom trSefESifhtrSm;? opömESifh
rkom;? w&m;ESifhrw&m;? "r®ESifht"r®wkdYukd cJGjcm;jyaom vkyfief; jzpfonf/
a0zef\t"dyÜm,fukd jrefrmpmtzJGUu xkwfa0aom jrefrmtbd"mefü-

1
pGrf;&nf? armif? 2018? 25/
2
wm&m? '*kef? 1967? 11-15/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 135

]](1) taumif; tqdk;ukd oHk;oyfpdppfonf taumif;tqdk;ukd

cJGjcm; ñTefjy ajymqdkonf/ (2) pdwfjzm cJGa0onf/ a0zefcsuf?
a0zefoHk;oyfwifjycsuf}}1
[k zGifhqdkjyxm;onf/
pmaya0zefa&;wpf&yfukd avhvm&mwGif ta0zefcH&aom pmaytjyif
,if;pmayukd a0zefaom pmaya0zefa&; oabmw&m;rsm;ESifh oabmw&m;wkdY\
aemufcHum;jzpfaom vlrIa&;? EdkifiHa&; tajctaewkdYukdvnf; xnfhoGif;
avhvm&efvnf; vkdtyfygonf/
xkdYaMumifh pmaya0zefa&; [lonf-
]]pmaywpf&yf\ taumif;tnHhukd aMumif;usdK; ,kwåo d m"u
2
wkdYjzifh ckdifvHkpGm cJGjcm;jyojcif;}}
yif jzpfygonf/

2/ odyÜHarmif0ESifjh refrmpmay
odyÜHarmif0 jzpfvmrnfh armifpdefwifonf i,fpOfumv ausmif;wGif
ynmqnf;yl;&onfudk rauseyfrlí tbdk;jzpfol pmwwfBuD; OD;vluav;xHwGif
0w¬K? yHkjyif? &mZ0ifponfwkdYudk Mum;emrSwfom;onf/ bBuD;jzpfol awmifydkif;BuD;
a&Tusifwkduf bkef;awmfBuD; OD;ynmaZmwxHwGif ygVd jrefrm ESpfbmomqkdif&m
ynmA[kokwwdkYudk Mum;emrSwfom;onf/ xdkpOfuyif pum;ajyudk txl;ESpfouf
pGJvrf;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; olonf r[mZeu0w¬KawmfBuD;rS aumif;Ekd;&m&m
pmykd'frsm;udk EIwfwufaqmifum ½Gwfjyavh&SdaMumif;? oef;oef;0w¬K? cifjrifhBuD;0w¬K?
bDatarmifbvGif0w¬K ponfwkdYudk Nrdef&nf&Suf&nf ajymavh&SdaMumif;udk ol\
ausmif;aebufrsm;xHrS odrSwf&onf/ xdkodkY Mum;emrSwfom;avhvm&if; 0goem
rsKd;aph tañSmufaygufí ]0ZD&mwifh} [laom uavmiftrnfjzifh q,fwef;
ausmif;om;b0 1919 ckESpfuyif owif;pmrsm;ü aqmif;yg;rsm; pwifa&;om;
cJhygonf/

1
jrefrmtbd"mef? 1991? 52/
2
aZmfaZmfatmif? 2000? 151/
136 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

armifpdefwifonf q,fwef;atmifNyD;aemuf &efukef,leDAmpDwDaumvdyf

odyÜHausmif;odkY a&mufvmonf/ aumvdyfausmif;om;b0wGif (x)trSwftom;yg
uavmiftrnfjzifh t*Fvdyfbmom aqmif;yg;pmwdkYudk ,leDAmpDwDaumvdyfr*¾Zif;ü
a&;om;cJhygonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf 1920 jynfhESpfwGif q,fwef;pmar;yJGukd jrefrmbmomESifh
ygVdbmomwkdYü txl;trSwf&um atmifjrifcJhNyD; aumvdyfodyÜHausmif;
(&efukefwuúokdvf)wGif ynmqnf;yl;cJhonf/ 1924 ckESpfwGif Oypmwef;pmar;yJGukd
jrefrmbmomtwGuf om'dk;atmifqkESifh ygVdbmomtwGuf tzkd;wefqkrsm;
&,lum atmifjrifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúokdvfwGif jrefrmpm0dZÆm *kPfxl;wef;onf
1925 ckESpfrS pwifum q&mBuD; OD;azarmifwif\ BudK;yrf;rIaMumifh
ay:aygufcJhjyD;? xkdtwef;ukd yxrqHk; wpfOD;wnf; wufa&mufoifMum;olrSm
odyÜHarmif0 jzpfonf/ xkdtcsdefu t*Fvdyfpm wefckd;BuD;í jrefrmpm avhvm
vkdufpm;olwkdYukd txifao;aom tcsdefjzpfNyD; tvkyftukdifaumif;&&efvnf;
rvG,fulay? okdYaomf odyÜHarmif0onf xdktwef;ukd pGefYpm;í wufa&mufcJhol
jzpfygonf/ xkdokdY wufa&muf&onfhtaMumif;ukd odyÜHarmif0u-
]]uRefawmf jrefrmbmom*kPfxl; vkdcsifonfum; tjcm;aMumifh
r[kwf? jrefrmpmayukd avhvm&ef qE´½Sdonf wpfaMumif;?
jrefrmpmayukd tm;ay;vkdonf wpfaMumif;? jrefrmpmukd
0goemygonf wpfaMumif;wkdYaMumifh jzpfavonf}}1
[k ol\ jrefrmpm*kPfxl;ordkif;pmwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xkdYaemuf
olonf 1927 ckESpf touf 28ESpf t½G,fwGif jrefrmpm 0dZÆm*kPfxl;wef;ukd
yxrwef;u atmifjrifcJhavonf/
armifpdefwifonf aumvdyfodyÜHausmif;? jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;ü pmoifpOf
ygarmu© OD;azarmifwif? yk*H0efaxmuf OD;wif? *kPfxl;aqmifq&mBuD; OD;yGm;?
t*¾r[my@dw OD;vif;wdkYxHü yk*HausmufpmrSpí ysKdU? vuFm? &mZ0ifordkif;wdkY
tygt0if umvay:0w¬Ktxdjzpfaom pmaytrsKd;rsKd;wdkY oifMum;onf/
bm;e'fyd#uwfwkdufodkY rjywfrvyf oGm;a&mufí jrefrmrIqkdif&m aypm?
yk&ydkufpm? yHkESdyfpmtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYudk BudK;BudK;pm;pm; zwf½IrSwfom;onf/ jrefrmpmay
*kPfxl;pmar;yGJtwGuf jrefrmjyZmwftaMumif; pmwrf;udk a&;om;jzpfí
1
rif;,ka0? 2014? 163/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 137

a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpf jrefrmjyZmwfwkdYudk txl;avhvmEkdifcJhonf/ aemifaomtcg

xdpk mwrf;udk jyKjyifcsJUxGifí ol&d,owif;pmwGif jrefrmrIaqmif;yg;BuD; wpfcef;
taejzifh odyÜHausmif;om; armifjroGif uavmiftrnf cH,lum a&;om;
xnfhoGif;cJhonf/
þodkY jrefrmpm tajccHaumif;rsm;udk avhvmonf/ rl&if;aumvdyf
odyÜHausmif;u xkwfa0aom vufa&;pmapmif yHkESdyfpmapmifwdkYwGif aqmif;yg;
rsm;udk a&;om;cJhonf/ waumif;ausmif;aqmifwGif aeaomfvnf; rdrd\
pma&;oltjzpfudk uG,f0SufvdkaomaMumifh ]ae&yfacsmifu vlrnfarmif0} [k
uavmiftrnfcHí a&;om;cJhonf/ þuavmiftrnfonf OD;pdefwifudk
wpfoufywfvHk; pGJuyfoGm;NyD; ]odyÜHarmif0} jzpfvmcJhonf[k qkdEkdifonf/
1926-27 ckESpfrsm;wGif odyÜHarmif0onf acwfprf;orm; rjzpfrD
]armifpdefwif} [laom trnf&if;jzifhyif ,leDAmpDwDaumvdyfr*¾Zif;? u0drsufrSef
r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
OD;pdefwifonf EkdifiHawmf0efxrf; ynmawmfoiftjzpf ta&G;cH&í
t*Fvefjynf atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf c½kdufcsyfcsfaumvdyfodkY oGm;um ESpfESpf
ynmoif,lonf/ þodkY ynmoif,laeonfhumv 1927-1929 ckESpftwGif;
t*FvefrSaeí ]odyÜHausmif;om; armifjroGif} uavmiftrnfjzifh &efukef
ol&d,owif;pmodkY jrefrmpmaytaMumif; aqmif;yg;rsm; yk'fa& (70)ausmf
a&;om;ay;ydkYcJhonf/ xdkYjyif atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvfwGif ESpfESpfwmumv ynm
oifMum;pOftwGif; awGUBuHK&aom udpötrsKd;rsKd;wkdYudk aemifaomtcg pkaygif;
a&;om;í ]atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf} qdkaom aeYpOfrSwfwrf;pmtkyfudk xkwfa0
cJhonf/
1930 jynfhESpfxJwGif jrefrmpmaytaMumif; aqmif;yg;&SnfBuD; NyD;qHk;
oGm;aomtcg ]odyÜHausmif;om;armifjroGif} uavmiftrnfjzifh jrefrmrIqdkaom
'kwd,aqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;udk ol&d,owif;pmwGifyif a&;om;cJhygonf/
,if;aqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;wGif (u)jrefrm&mZ0if (c)jrefrmpm*kPfxl; (*)OD;ykn
(C)jrefrmjyZmwf (i)ausmufpm (p)jrefrmyef;csD (q)jrefrmpmayoifMum;a&;
ponfjzifh tcef;BuD;rsm;cGJum 1932 ckESpfxd a&;om;cJhonfudk awGU&onf/
OD;pdefwifonf armifjroGifuavmiftrnfjzifh xkdaqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;
rsm;udk a&;ckduf odyÜHarmif0? wifarmifjrifh? armifoHacsmif;? wifhwifh?
138 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

aumvdyfcifcif ponfh uavmiftrnftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh pmtrsKd;rsKd;udk pme,fZif;?

toD;oD;wGif tNrJwap a&;om;aecJhonf/ *E¬avmu? '*kef? ol&d,r*¾Zif;?
ol&d,aeYpOf? BuD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;? jrefrmhaeYpOf? aumvdyfr*¾Zif;wdkYrSm OD;pdefwif
txl;a&;om;&m pme,fZif;wdkY jzpfMuonf/
1931 ckESpfwGif acwfprf;pmayusrf;pOf 1 tjzpfjzifh *E¦avmur*¾Zif;wGif
tcef;qufa&;om;vmcJhaom ]vStHk;r,f} 0w¬Kudk vHk;csif;pmtkyftjzpf xkwfa0
cJhonf/ vStHk;r,f0w¬Konf odyÜHarmif0\ wpftkyfwnf;aom jrefrmrIjyK0w¬K
(Sketch) r[kwf (Novel) jzpfonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf ]yk*H} trnf&Sdaom c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;udk 1933 ckESpf
ZGefvrS pwifum ol&d,½kyfpHkowif;ESifh ol&d,owif;pmwkdYwGifvnf;aumif;?
armifoHacsmif;\ ay;pmrsm;udk 1934 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvxkwf BuD;yGm;a&;
r*¾Zif;rSaeívnf;aumif; a&;om;cJhonf/ 1938 ck Ekd0ifbmvrSpí aomif;ajymif;
axGvm ay;pmrsm;tjzpf *E¦avmur*¾Zif;wGifvnf; ay;pmyHkpH aqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;om;cJhonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf 0dZÆm*kPfxl;wef;pwufNyD;aemuf wuúokdvfü jrefrmpm
enf;jyq&m vkyfonf? xkdYaemuf EdkifiHawmf0efxrf; ynmawmfoif(tkdifpDtufpf)
tjzpf ta&G;cH&um t*FvefEdkifiH atmufpzkdY'fwuúokdvfodkY 2ESpfMum ynm
qnf;yl;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf 1929 wGif t*FvefrS jyefa&mufNyD; EdkifiHh0efxrf;
tzJGUwGif 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifvsuf a'otrsdK;rsdK;okdY ajymif;a&TUaexkdifcJhavonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf acwfprf;yHkjyif yxrwJGwGif yg0ifol (5)OD;teuf
ynma&;t& jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;ukd atmifjrifxm;ol jzpfonf/ 1929 ck
t*FvefrS jyefvmaomtcg armifvlat;ukd Zmwfaqmifxm;jyD; 0w¬Kaqmif;yg;
rsm;ukd a&;cJhonf/ odyÜHarmif0onf EdkifiHh0efxrf; t&m½SdBuD;wpfOD; jzpfygvsuf
,ckuJhokdY pmrsm; qufía&;aeonfrSm jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;ausmif;om;
yDoygonf[k q&maZmf*sD? rif;ok0PfESifh wuúokdvf½Sdvli,frsm;u tm;us
csD;usL;Muonf/ xkdYaMumifh odyÜHarmif0onf pma&;ouftm;jzifhvnf; acwfprf;
yHkjyifrsm;wGif yg0ifa&;om;aom tjcm;olrsm;xuf ydkí0gBuD;onf/ þokdY
twef;0g pma&;ouf0g BuD;aom odyÜHarmif0onf xkdpma&;olwpfpkwGif
acgif;aqmifuJhokdY jzpfvmcJhygonf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 139

odyÜHarmif0\ tBuD;rm;qHk;aom qE´rSm jrefrmpmay wkd;wufatmif

aqmif&Gufvdkjcif; jzpfonf/ ,if;qE´twkdif; rarhravsmh? ZGJvHkYvjzifh
aqmif&GufcJhonf/ olwpfyg; aqmif&Gufatmifvnf; wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ ol\
pmwpfapmifwGif-
]]jrefrmpmay wkd;wufa&;onf uREkfyfwkdY\wm0ef jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwdkY jyKrSEk&rnfh jrefrmpm jzpfonf/ BudK;pm;MupdkY}}
(22? 9? 38)1
[k a&;om;cJhaMumif; awGU&onf/
xdkYaMumifh jrefrmpmayudk acwfrDaom pmrsm;jzpfatmif acwfprf;pmay
tjzpf zefwD;cJhMuaom odyÜHarmif0tygt0if wuúodkvfausmif;om;vli,fwdkY\
BudK;yrf;csufESifh ywfoufí csD;usL;*kPfjyKonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;udk *E¦avmu
r*¾Zif;wGif-
]]rMumrDtwGif;u jrefrmpmudk vdkufpm;avhvmaom
aemufayguf vli,ftcsdKUwdkYu igwdkYjrefrmpmonf a&S;qef
vGef;\? ½dk;vGef;\? ayukefom rsm;í pmom;rxif jzpfcJh\/
acwfrDaom pmay r[kwfojzifh enf;opf enf;aumif;wdkYudk
&Smí wwfEdkiforQ xGifMuzdkY[k tm;cJum jrefrmpmopf
xGifvmMuonfrSm 0rf;omp&mwpf&yf jzpfay\ ...
acwfjrefrmpmonf ¤if;ynm&Sif vli,frsm;\ vufxJwGif
&Sdonf[kqdkvQif rSm;Edkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay}}2
[k azmfjyum ¤if;wdkY\pmrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK csD;usL;cJhygonf/

3/ odyÜHarmif0ESifh pmaya0zefa&;
odyÜHarmif0onf jrefrmpmayudk BuD;yGm;wkd;wufapvdkaom tajccH
apwemjzifh pmayrsm; a&;om;jyKpk&mwGif a0zefa&;udktajccHaom pmayaqmif;yg;
rsm;udkvnf; a&;om;cJhygonf/ xdkodkYa&;om;&mwGif jrefrmpmaywGif yg0ifaom
0wåK? jyZmwf? tw¬KyÜwåd? &mZ0if? c&D;oGm;pmay? aqmif;yg;? owif;pm?

1
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? wGJ-4? 57-62/
2
jrefrmpmayppfwrf;? 1965? 33/
140 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

uAsmtvuFm ponfjzifh u@rsKd;pHk? pmtkyfrsKd;pkHudkvnf;aumif;? jrefrmpmay

tqifhtwef; wkd;wufrI? qkwf,kwfrIwdkYudkvnf;aumif; a0zefoHk;oyfcJhonf/
þodYk a0zefok;H oyf&mwGifvnf; jrefrmha&S;½dk;qef;usrf;vm *kPf? &o? tvuFm
ponfh tpOftvm a0zefa&;pHjzifhom a0zefa&;om;cJhonf r[kwfay/ t*Fvdyf
pmayrS wpfqifh&aom Oa&mywdkuf\ acwfopfa0zefa&; enf;pepfrsm;jzifh
a0zefa&;om;cJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf a0zefa&;uavmiftjzpf cH,lxm;aom armifjroGif-
odyÜHausmif;om; uavmiftrnfjzifh jrefrmpmaytaMumif; aqmif;yg;aygif;
(70)ausmfudk a0zefa&; tajccHí a&;om;cJhygonf/ xdkuavmiftrnfjzifh
omru tjcm;aom uavmiftrnftrsKd;rsKd;udk cH,lí pmaya0zefa&; aqmif;yg;
rsKd;pHkudk a&;om;cJhygonf/ pmaya0zefa&;wGif toHk;jyKaom tjcm;uavmif
trnfrsm;rSm (1)rPdOD;auwkausmif;om;? (2)armifuBuD;? (3)armifcauG;?
(4)armifPBuD;? (5)armif,yufvuf? (6)owif;pmzwfolwpfOD;? (7)armifvSarmif-
ppfudik f;? (8)armifarmif-zsmyHk? (9)armifodef;az? (10)OD;ukovppfudik f;awmif½dk;?
(11)OD;ouú-&efukef? (12)0w¬Kq&mwpfOD;? (13)armifawmufxGef;-trsKd;om;
ausmif;q&mwdkY jzpfygonf/
xdkYjyif armifoHacsmif;\ay;pmrsm;? armifxdyfajymif\rSwfwrf;? rdwfaqGxH
ay;pmrsm;wGifvnf; pmaya0zefa&;rsm; yg&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf jrefrmpmay BuD;yGm;wkd;wufa&;ukd tm;oGefBudK;yrf;
&mwGif t"du taMumif;(3)&yfudkvdkufí uavmiftrnf (3)rsKd;cGJum
olYtaMumif;ESihfol BudK;yrf;a&;om;cJhonf/ t"dutaMumif;(3)&yfrStyjzpfaom
tjcm;taMumif;rsm;udk a&;vdkaomtcg tjcm;oifhavsmf&m uavmiftrnf
trsKd;rsKd;udk oHk;pGJa&;om;cJhonf/ ,if;udpöESifh ywfoufí olUpmwpfapmifwGif-
]]armifjroGiftm; Ak'¨bmomtoif;taMumif; a&;yg[k
wkdufwGef;vdkufyg\/ odkYaomf rsm;pGma&;csifyHkray:? olu
pmaya0zefoloufouf jzpfavonf/ (Critic) qkdygawmh?
armif0uvnf; Novelist 0w¬Kq&m? wifarmifjrifhuawmh
vrf;ñTefq&m Essayist olYae&mESifh olYae&mudk;}} (1? 8? 33)1

1
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? wGJ-4? 57-62/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 141

[k a&;om;cJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf rPd-OD;auwkkausmif;om; uavmiftrnfjzifh umvay:
0w¬Krsm; xGef;um;rIjzpfpOfudk a0zefoHk;oyfjy&mü-
]]umvay:0w¬Krsm; ay:aygufptcgu ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; uGJjym;
aeavonf/ yxrtrsdK;rSm eef;wGif;ZmwfawmfBuD;rsm;udk
wkNyD; 0w¬KtoGm;rsdK;jzifh a&;om;xm;aom 0w¬KrsdK; jzpf\/
'kwd,trsdK;um; bmomjyef0w¬KrsdK; jzpfavonf/ bmomjyef
0w¬KwdkYwGif ZmwfvdkufwdkYrSm orD;&nf;pm; rsm;pGm rxm;ay/
Zmwfvdkufwpfa,mufwGif &nf;pm;wpfa,mufom &Sdí
xdk&nf;pm;tm; ESpfESpfumum cspfcifaMumif;udk azmfjyxm;avh
&Sdonf/ eef;wGif;ZmwfawmfBuD;wdkYudkEG,fum a&;om;xm;aom
0w¬KwdkYwGifum; ZmwfvdkufwdkYrSm orD;&nf;pm; rsm;pGm
xm;\/ eef;wGif;ZmwfawmfBuD;rsm;rSmuJhodkY jzpfavonf}}1
[k a0zefoHk;oyfjyxm;onf/
xdkYaemuf wuúodkvftaMumif; a&;aom 0w¬Krsm;udk a0zef&mwGifvnf;
wuúodkvfausmif;taMumif;yg&if ZmwfvdkufvkyfwJholonf cyfaemufaemuf
cyfwnfwnfjzpfNyD; tcef;xJwGif 'kwd,cHkrSmxdkifaMumif; rdwfaqGrsm;u olYudk
paemufMuaMumif; ponfjzifh pma&;olrwlaomfvnf; wuúodkvftaMumif;
a&;aom 0w¬Kwdkif; wpfyHkpHwnf; jzpfaeaMumif; a0zefxm;onf/ odkYaomf
Z0e\ aumvdyfausmif;om;0w¬Kudk zwf&aomtcgwGifrl olYtBudKuf0w¬K
jzpfaomaMumifh ESpfoufoabmuscJhaMumif;udk-
]]0w¬Ka&;q&m[m w,f taom? t&Trf; a&;aumif;wmudk;
uRefawmfjzifhzwf&if; w[m;[m;eJY aeawmhwmyJ/ 'Dvdk
pma&;q&mudk yxrwef;pm; pma&;q&mvdkY ac:csifawmh
wmyJ}}2
[k a0zefoHk;oyfjyxm;onf/

1
vS? OD;? vlxk? 1966? 515/
2
vS? OD;? vlxk? 1966? 437/
142 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

odyÜHarmif0onf umvay:0w¬Krsm;taMumif;udk a0zefjyD;aemuf 1935

ckESpf pufwifbmvxkwf BuD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;wGif jrefrmjyZmwfrsm;taMumif;udk
a0zefoHk;oyfjyxm;onf/
]]umvay:0w¬Krsm; xGef;um;vmonfhaeYrS tpjyKí jyZmwfrsm;
wpwp aysmufvmvdkufMuonfrSm aemufqHk;wGif jyZmwf
rsm;udk zwfolvnf; r&Sd? a&;olvnf; r&Sd jzpfoGm;avonf/
jyZmwfrsm; vHk;vHk;aysmufí oGm;avawmhownf;}}1
[k aumufcsufcs a0zefoHk;oyfjyxm;onf/
xdYk jyif odyÜHarmif0onf uAsmESifhywfoufNyD; a0zefok;H oyf&mü acwfprf;
orm;yDyD uAsmudk acwftjrifjzifh oHk;oyfavhvma0zefcJhonf/ ol\uAsma0zefa&;
tjrifudk ol&d,r*¾Zif;wGif a&;om;cJhaom jrefrmpmaytaMumif; aqmif;yg;
eHygwf(8)ü twdtvif; azmfjyxm;onf/
]]uAsma&;&mwGif yHkwlxyfrIudk rBudKuf? a&S;a[mif;twdkif;
yHkwlul;onfudk vHk;0rBudKuf odkYaomf xdkacwfr*¾Zif;rsm;wGif
a&S;acwftwdkif; armifbGJU? r,fbGJU? edAÁdE´bGJUrsm; acwfpm;
aeav\/ vpOf? tywfpOf ¤if;wdkYudkom zwf&zefrsm;ojzifh
pdwfNiD;aiGUvmNyD;vQif zwfcsifpdwfyif aysmufvm&ayonf}}2
[k nnf;wGm;azmfjycJhNyD; oljzpfapvdkaom ta&;tom;rSm -
]]a&S;u ra&;om;cJhbl;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk a&;zGJU
a&;om;ygrSomvQif rdrdwdkYpmrSm Mum&SnfpGm wnfayvdrfh
rnf/ jrefrmpmayrSmvnf; wdk;wufayvdrfhrnf}}3
[k ol\qE´ESifhapwemudk azmfjyxm;cJhonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf acwfopform;jzpfaomfvnf; ta[mif;udk vHk;0ypfy,fol
r[kwfay/ uAsm? vuFm yHkpHta[mif;topfESifh ywfoufí ol\cH,lcsufrSm
ta[mif;orm;wdkYudk ruJh&JU? acwfopform;wdkYudk tm;ay;onf/ uAsm\
a&S;a[mif;0g'ESifh acwfopf0g' ESpfrsdK;pvHk; &Sdjcif;onf aumif;onf[k twdtvif;
1
vS? OD;? vlxk? 1966? 525/
2
vSjrifh? &efukefwuúodkvf? 1977? 13/
3
vSjrifh? &efukefwuúodkvf? 1977? 13/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 143

azmfxkwfcJhonf/ a&S;a[mif;uAsm? vuFmrsm; pmqdk&Sifrsm;xJrS csD;usL;av;pm;

oifholwdkYudk av;av;pm;pm; csD;usL;a0zefcJhonf/ txl;ojzifh a&S;a[mif;
pmqdkrsm;teuf refvnfq&mawmfudk tav;xm; csD;usL;a0zefcJhonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf armifjroGi-f odyÜHausmif;om;? armifcauG;? armifuMuD;?
armif,yufvuf? OD;ouú-&efukef ponfh uavmiftrnfrsm;ukd,lvsuf
acwfprf;uAsmbufrS &yfwnfum a0zefaqG;aEG;rIrsm;ukd wkHYjyefcJhygonf/
,if;aqmif;yg;rsm;jzifh acwfprf;uAsmrsm;ukd a0zefoHk;oyfcJhygonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf acwfprf;uAsmrsm;taMumif; a0zefa&;om;aom
aqmifyg;rsm;wGif acwfprf;uAsmay:aygufvmyHk ordkif;aMumif;ukd azmfxkwf
wifjyxm;ygonf/ acwfprf;pmayvIyf&Sm;rIESifh ywfoufaom acwfprf;0g'?
acwfprf;uAsm? acwfprf;yHkjyifwdkYESifh ywfoufí zGifhqdkjcif;? &Sif;vif;jcif;?
ckcHumuG,fjcif;wkdYudk aqmif;yg;rsm;pGmwGif a&;om;cJhygonf/ acwfprf;yHkjyif
'kwd,wGJed'gef;wGifvnf;-
]]þpmtkyftay:wGif rnfonfha0zefrIrsKd;udkrqdk a&;om;Ekdif
Muavonf/ uREkfyfwdkYum; xdka0zefpmwkdYtwGuf wkefvIyfjcif;
jzpfrnf r[kwfay/ vdkufemoifhaom tcsufrsm;&Sdu vdkufem
ygrnf/ ypfy,foifhaom tcsufrsm;yg&Sdygu ypfy,fygrnf/
vspfvsL½Ioifhaom tcsufrsm;yg&Sduvnf; vspfvsL½Iygrnf/
rnfol\ uJh&JUjcif;? rnfol\ csD;rGrf;jcif;udkrQ *½krxm;bJ
jrefrmpmaywkd;wufa&;udkomvQif rsufarSmufjyKum acwfprf;
pmayrsm;udk qufvufí xkwfa0oGm;ygrnf/
acwfprf;pmayonf jrefrmpmayudk wkd;wufaponf?
qkwf,kwaf ponf [laom jyóemudu k m; uREkyf fwkYd ajzMum;
Ekdifrnf r[kwf/ ,ckacwfvlrsm;vnf; ajzMum;Ekdifrnf
r[kwfay/ þjyóemudk ajzMum;&efum; aemifvm
aemufom; okawoDrsm;\ wm0efom jzpfavonf/
odkYjzpfaomaMumifh þjyóemudk ajzMum;&ef aemifvm
aemufom;wdkYtm; vTJtyfxm;MuygpdkY}}1

1
vSjrifh? &efukefwuúodkvf? 1977? 13/
144 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

txufazmfjyxm;ouJhodkY odyÜHarmif0onf acwfprf;pmay\ 5 ESpf c&D;udk

jzwfoef;NyD;aemuf acwfprf;0g'udk NrJNrHpGmpGJudkifí a&SUodkY qufvuf csDwuf
cJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh acwfprf;pmay\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;onf odyÜHarmif0\pmay
rsm;wGif xif[yfaeonf[k qkdEkdifygonf/
odyÜHarmif0ESifh acwfNydKifumv owif;pm r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif awGU&aom
pmtkyfa0zefa&; tajctaeESifh ywfoufí odyÜHarmif0onf ol\tjrifudk
yGifhvif;pGm azmfxkwfxm;ygonf/ armifoHacsmif;ay;pm trSwf(10)wGif-
]]pmtkyftacsmif&w,fqkd&ifyJ pmtkyfxkwfwJhvlawG pmtkyf
a&;wJhvlawGudk tm;emae&awmhwmyJ? udk,fhxifjrifcsufudk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ra&;0Hh? ra&;csifawmhbl;? tckumv
r*¾Zif; owif;pmawGxJrSm tm;wHkYtm;emeJY pmtkyfudk a0zef
xm;wmawG rzwf&bl;vm;As/ pmtkyfxkwfa0wJholawGukd
tm;emwJhtwGuf pifppfpmtkyf[m raumif;bJeJY aumif;w,fvdkY
a0zefvdkuf&if pmzwfolawGudk vdrfwmeJY rwlaybl;vm;}} 1
[lí a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ,if;azmfjycsuft& xdkpOfu pmtkyfa0zefa&;onf
tm;wHkUtm;em a0zefa&;rsm; jzpfaMumif;? raumif;bJESifh aumif;onf[k
a0zefvQif pmzwfoludk vdrf&ma&mufaMumif; ol\oabmxm;udk azmfxkwfxm;
ygonf/
jrefrmpmay wkd;wufa&;twGuf a0zefqHk;jzwf&mwGif rdrdwkdYpmay
oufoufomvQif rMunfhbJ bmomjcm;pmaywkdYESifh EIdif;,SOfí trSef
tajctaetwkdif; qHk;jzwfoifhaMumif;udkvnf; jrefrmpmaytaMumif; aqmif;yg;
trSwf(37)wGif-
]]pifppfaomfum; bmomjcm;pmay? bmomjcm;pum;wkdYESifh
rdrw
d kdYpmay? rdrdwkdYpum;wkdYudk csifhcsdefEIdif;,SOfNyD;vQif aumif;Ekd;
&m&m t[kwftrSefudk qHk;jzwfrSom enf;vrf;usayrnf}}2

1
armif0? odyÜH? 1935? ay;pmtrSwf 10/
2
armif0? odyÜH? 1929? 8/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 145

[k ol\a0zefa&;qdkif&m oabmxm;wpf&yfudk azmfjya&;om;xm;aomaMumifh

pmaytqifhtwef;? pmtkyftqifhtwef;udk a0zefqHk;jzwf&mwGif tjcm;bmom
rsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfa0zefenf;udk ñTefjyxm;onf[k qkdEkdifygonf/
xdkYjyif jrefrmpmayü a0zefa&;pmay rxGef;um;bJ enf;aeaMumif;?
t*Fvdyfa0zefa&; enf;emrsm;udkvnf; avhvm&efvdkaMumif; ,lqxm;onfh
ol\oabmxm;udkvnf; -
]]jrefrmpm*kPfxl;,lonf[k t*Fvdyfpmtkyfrsm;udk rzwfbJ
raeygESifh? jrefrmpmayü a0zefcsufpmrsKd; rsm;pGmrxGef;um;cJh?
odkYjzpfaomaMumifh t*Fvdyfa0zefcsufpmrsm;udk zwf&efvdk
avonf/ twdka0zefcsufpmrsKd;udkrl Haslitt's Eassays wkdYudk
zwf&m\/ t&Snfa0zefcsufrsKd;udkrl Macaulay's Essays
rsm;udk zwf&monf}}1
[lí wkdif;jcm;bmompum; acwfrDa0zefenf;rsm;udk twk,l&ef vrf;ñTefxm;
onfudk avhvmawGU&Sd&ygonf/
odyÜHarmif0onf a0zefcsufa&;om;enf;ESifh ywfoufívnf; olYaqmif;yg;
wpfapmifwGif -
]]a0zefcsuf a&;om;onfqdk&mü rdrdpdwfwGif ay:vmaom
tcsufudk a&;om;jcif;yif jzpf\/ aumif;vQif aumif;\/
raumif;vQif raumif; [lí a&;om;jcif;yif jzpf\/ þodkY
a&;om;&mü wkduf½kdufra&;rlí todkif;t0kdif;rsm;pGmESifh
zwfíaumif;? em;axmifíaumif;atmif a&;om;jcif;yif
jzpfavonf/ Oyrm om"uwkdYudk oHk;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;
zwf&olwkdY\ pdwfudk xdNidapEkdif\/ xdkrSwpfyg;vnf;
A[kokw vdkavonf/ A[kokwrSmvnf; trsKd;rsKd;tpm;pm;
&Sd\/ A[kokwrsm;avav a0zefcsuf aumif;avav/}}2
[llí tao;pdwf vrf;ñTefxm;ygonf/ ,if;vrf;ñTefcsuft& a0zefpmudk
todkif;t0dkif;jzifh zwfaumif;atmif a&;&rnf/ A[kokwrsm;avav a0zefpm

1
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? wGJ-4? 57-62/
2
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? wGJ-4? 57-62/
146 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

aumif;avav[laom oabmw&m;udk ñTefjyaeygonf/ xdkYjyif a0zefcsuf

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]]a0zefcsufa&;olwdkYrSm rdwfaqGrsufESmudk raxmuf&? pmay
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yk*K¾d vfcifaomaMumifh w&m;rifjcif;onf olwumudk vrf;rSm;
ñTefjyonfESifhwl\}}1
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wpfckudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
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a0zefol vdkufem&rnfh tcsufvnf; vrf;ñTefjycJhygonf/ OD;boef;\ jrefrm
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jrefrm&mZ0ifa&;onfh ]OD;boef;} aqmif;yg;wGif-
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a0zefcsufaqmif;yg;wGif-

1
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? wGJ-4? p? 57-62/
2
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? wGJ-4? p? 57-62/
3
jroGif? armif? odyÜHausmif;om;? 1930? 19/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 147

]]xifjrifcsuf a&;om;olwdkYrSm w&m;pD&ifol w&m;olBuD;wkdY

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w&m;olBuD;onf rdrda&SUwGif tppfcHaom w&m;vdkoufao
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rsm;u cdkifvHkvQif w&m;vdktm; tEkdifay;\/ w&m;cHoufao
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wdkY\ *kPft&nftcsif;ESifhEIdif;NyD; azmfxkwfwifjyxm;ygonf/
xdkYjyif armifjroGif-odyÜHausmif;om; uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;aom ]OD;yknESifh
&SdwfpyD;,m;} acgif;pOfyg aqmif;yg;wGifvnf;-
]]pmwpfapmif aumif;raumif; a0zefí xkwfazmfajymqdk
Ekdifjcif;onf vG,fulaom t&mr[kwfay/ aoaocsmcsm
avhvmNyD;vQif tjcm;tjcm;aom pmrsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfum
rnfonfhae&mwGif t"dyÜm,faumif;onf/ rnfonfhae&mwGif
toHk;tEIef; aumif;onf/ rnfonfhae&mü rnfonfhpmudk
twk,lonf/ rnfonfhae&mü udk,fydkifÓPf toHk;jyKonf
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[lí pmaya0zefenf;udk tao;pdwf ñTefjyxm;ygonf/

1
jroGif? armif? odyÜHausmif;om;? 1930? 8/
2
jroGif? armif? odyÜHausmif;om;? 1930? 17/
148 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

NcHKiHo
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a&;om;&mwGif vdkufemoifhonfh tcsufrsm;udk jrefrmpmay wdk;wufBuD;yGm;a&;
[laom apwem&nf&G,fcsufudk t&if;cHum vrf;ñTefazmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&
ygonf/
jrefrmpmaytqifhtwef; wdk;wufrI? qkwf,kwfrIwdkYudk a0zefoHk;oyf&m
wGifvnf; 0w¬K? jyZmwf? tw¬KyÜwåd? &mZ0if? c&D;oGm;pmay? aqmif;yg;?
owif;pm? uAsm? vuFm ponfjzifh u@rsdK;pHk? pmtkyfrsdK;pHkudk avhvmjyD; a0zef
oHk;oyfjyxm;ygonf/
a0zefoHk;oyf&mwGifvnf; a&S;tpOftvm a0zefenf;udkomr[kwf
acwfopfpmay enf;emrsm;udkoHk;í a0zefcJhNyD;? rdrdpmay wdk;wufa&;twGuf
a0zefqHk;jzwf&mwGif bmomjcm;pmaywdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfjyD; tajctaerSefwdkif;
qHk;jzwfoifhaMumif; ol\oabmxm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/
a0zefcsuf a&;om;&mwGifvnf; a0zefolonf A[kokwrsm;&ef
vdktyfjyD;? a0zefpmudk todkif;t0dkif;jzifh zwfaumif;atmif a&;&rnf[kvnf;
vrf;ñTefxm;ygonf/
xdkYtjyif a0zefcsufa&;om;&mwGif yk*¾dKvfcifí w&m;rifaom oabmrsdK;
r&SdoifhaMumif;? xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;onf wjcm;olwdkYtm; vrf;rSm;udkñTefjy
aeonfESifw h al omaMumifh ajzmifrh wfaom oabmxm;om &So d ifhaMumif;udkvnf;
ol\a0zefa&;tjrifwpfcktjzpf awGU&ygonf/
xdkYtwl a0zefa&;q&monf w&m;olBuD;uJhodkY usifh&rnfjzpfNyD;? a&SUae
a&SU&yfuJhodkY rusifhoifhaMumif;? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom a0zefa&;q&m\
*kPft&nftcsif;udk w&m;olBuD;\ *kPft&nftcsif;ESifh cdkif;EIdif;um odom
jrifomatmif azmfjyxm;onf/
jrefrmpmay BuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;twGuf 0w¬K? uAsm? jyZmwf? tw¬KyÜwåd
pmay ponfh pmaytrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk a0zefoHk;oyfwifjyxm;aom aqmif;yg;rsm;
wGifvnf; ol\ jrefrmpmaytay:xm;aom apwemudk txift&Sm; awGUjrif
&ygonf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 149

xdkYtjyif odyÜHarmif0onf taemufwdkif;pmayrS enf;,lum pum;ajya&m

uAsmwGifyg ta&;tom;omru taMumif;t&mopfudkyg a&;zGJUcJhonf/
acwfprf;pmayudk pwifysdK;axmifolwpfOD;jzpfaomaMumifh jrefrmpmay wdk;wufa&;
twGuf bufpHkaxmifhpHkrS yg0ifcJholwpfOD;yif jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;qdk&aomf
udkvdkeDacwf jrefrmpmay tm;avsmhedrfhusaecsdefwGif jrefrmpmay BuD;xGm;
wdk;wufa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtm;xkwf BudK;yrf;cJholwpfOD; jzpfjyD; ol\jrefrmpmay
BuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;tjrifrsm;? oabmxm;rsm;onf ,ckwGif acwfrDae½Hkomru?
tem*wfumvwGifyg xm;&Sd&rnfh oabmxm;tcsdKUudkvnf; avhvmawGU&Sd&
ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh þpmwrf;udk avhvmjcif;jzifh jrefrmpmay acwfrDzGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufa&;twGuf topfxGifvdkaompdwf? jrefrmpmay jyefYyGm;xGef;um;a&;
twGuf BudK;yrf;aqmif&Gufvdkpdwfrsm; jzpfay:vmEdkifrnf[k avhvmoHk;oyfrd
ygonf/

ed*;Hk
jrefrmpmay zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;? pmaumif;ayaumif;rsm; ay:xGef;a&;
taMumif;t&mopfrsm;? pmayyHkoP²meftopfrsm; ay:xGef;a&;wdkYtwGuf
odyÜHarmif0\ pmayBudK;yrf;rI? pmaywm0efausyGefrIESifh wdk;wufacwfrDaom
pmaya0zefa&; t,ltqwdkYudk avhvm&jcif;jzifh jrefrmpmay zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf
ap&eftwGuf pmaya0zefa&;onf ta&;ygaom u@wpf&yf jzpfaMumif;
od&SdEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/
150 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

usrf;ud;k pm&if;

cifat;(OD;)ESifh armifxif/ (1983)/ jrefrmpum;ajypmwrf;rsm;? yxrwGJ/ pmayAdrmef/

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&efukef? &mjynfhpmay/
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wm&m? '*kef/ (1967)/ pmayoabmw&m;? a0zefa&;pmayvIyf&Sm;rI/ &efukef? eHUomwdkuf/
wufwdk;? jrZif/ (1986)/ a0zefa&;pmaypmwrf;rsm; (y)wGJ/ &efukef? pmayAdrmefyHkESyd fwdkuf/
wdkufpdk;ESifhrif;,ka0/ (1973)/ jrefrmpmrdwfzGJU/ &efukef? pmayavmu/
jrefrmpmayppfwrf;/ (1965)/ pmayaqG;aEG;yGJpmwrf;rsm;/ rEÅav;? urÇmhacwfpmtkyfwdkuf/
jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;? twGJ(4)/ ptu©&m? pmayAdrmef/
jrefrmtbd"meftusOf;csKyf? twGJ(4)/ (1991)/ jrefrmpmtzGJU? &efukef/
vS? OD;? vlxk/ (1970)/ olUpmawGuajymwJh odyÜHarmif0/ rEÅav;? BuD;yGm;a&;yHkESdyfwdkuf/
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vSjrifh? &efukefwuúodkvf/ (1977)/ odyÜHarmif0\uAsma0zefa&;tjrif? jrefrmpm*sme,f/
jrefrmpmtoif;? 0dZÆmodyÜHwuúodkvf? &efukef/
0? armif? odyÜH/ (1966)/ acwfprf;pmaytaxGaxG/ &efukef? yk*Hpmtkyfwdkuf/
0? armif? odyÜH/ (1976)/ pmay,Ofaus;rI/ rEÅav;? BuD;yGm;a&;yHkESdyfwdkuf/