Database Design 1-4: Major Transformations in Computing Practice Activities

Database Design 1-4: Major Transformations in
Computing Practice Activities

Objectives
• List the major transformations in computing that have occurred since the 1970’s
• Define and give examples of these terms: hardware, operating system, software
• Identify examples of e-businesses that use database software and explain how it is essential to
their success
• Explain the overall mission of the Oracle Corporation
Vocabulary
Identify the vocabulary word for each definition below.
Infrastructure The basic framework or features of a system
Grid Computing A global effort to develop an environment in which

individual users can access computers, databases, and
experimental facilities simply and transparently, without
having to consider where those facilities are located
Software The programs, routines, and symbolic languages that
control the functioning of the hardware and direct its
operation.
Hardware A computer and the associated physical equipment
directly involved in the performance of data-processing
or communications functions.
Operating System (os) Software designed to control the hardware of a specific
data-processing system in order to allow users and
application programs to make use of it.
Application A software program which carries out specific tasks on
behalf of other computer users
Client (hardware) A workstation or desktop computer including a screen,
keyboard, and mouse; communicates directly with the
user
Server A more powerful computer which accepts work requests
from clients, does the work, and sends results back to
the client
Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Try It / Solve It
1. Provide a definition and an example of each of these:
a. Hardware
Hardware atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan perangkat keras adalah semua jenis
komponen yang ada pada komputer yang mana bagian fisiknya dapat terlihat secara kasat
mata atau dapat dirasakan secara langsung. Jadi bisa dikatakan jika hardware adalah
peralatan fisik komputer yang berguna untuk melakukan proses input, proses, dan output.
Contoh Hardware : Printer, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard, dll
b. Operating system
sistem operasi komputer berarti komponen dan metode kerja yang ada dalam komputer.
Tujuannya untuk menghubungkan manusia dengan komputer atau perangkat lunak dengan
perangkat keras. Sistem operasi dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal sebagai operating system
Contoh Sistem Operasi : Windows, Linux, Mac Os dan Chrome book
c. Software
Perangkat lunak atau peranti lunak (bahasa Inggris: software) adalah istilah khusus untuk
data yang diformat, dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer,
dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca, dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan
kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak berwujud.
Contoh Software Berdasarkan Distribusi : Freeware, Adware, Shareware
Contoh Software Berdasarkan Jenis : Applications Software Seperti office word, Exel dll
2. How has the major transformation of cell phones impacted day-to-day activities of a service repair
company – what can the service repair person do today that they could not do before this
transformation?
Jawaban : Now they can give support on phone. Even cross platform audio/video calling is
available. This reduces the distance b/w remote support representative and customer
3. List three e-businesses that use database software and describe how the database software is
being used.
Jawaban : Online book Store, Online Clothing, Online personal Shopping

All of this kind of e-businesses now has a front end web application [deployed on front
end server farms] exposed to external world, and data being stored in database servers
[in farm]. Each and every bit of data which might be helpful to lure user to buy more is
stored, their purchase history, their browsing behavior, payment information for easy
checkout, addresses and such personal details. And so on.
4. Write down the steps of a simple credit-card transaction. How many places does the information
go, and what happens if the transaction is not complete at any one of the steps? What role does a
database play in this process?
 Making the Purchase. The customer finds a product that he or she likes and decides to make
the purchase. The customer can use a credit card to pay for the item in the store, through an
online payment gateway, by phone or by mail.
 Entering the Transaction. The credit card is swiped through a secure credit card terminal, or
the card and transaction information is entered in. For e-commerce transactions, the
cardholder keys in the payment option. Generally, online store gives the option to customer
to save credit card details to their DB for future use, if customer wishes to.
 Transmitting the Data. The credit card data is transmitted for approval as the terminal, point
of sales system or secure payment gateway is connected to the processing network.
 Approve or Decline. Once the data is transmitted, the credit card issuer can approve or
decline the transaction. This is based on the validity of the card, the transaction, as well as
the cardholder’s available funds. This is based on information retrieved from card provider
database.
 Responding. If the transaction is approved, the processor and the merchant receive an
authorization response (along with unique identifier). To identify this pending debit, a unique
identifier is maintained in payment gateway and is mapped to entries in card provider
database records too.
 Completing the Transaction. The merchant completes the transaction. And stores relevant
information in orders in his DB.
 Submitting a Batch Closure. The merchant completes the credit card payment process at the
end of the day with a batch closure. This closes out the transactions that have been
processed on that day. The processor’s acquiring bank then collects the funds from the credit
card issuers. This marks the transaction complete in merchant’s DB, payment gateway
provider DB and card provider DB.
 Depositing the Funds. The processor’s acquiring bank then deposits the funds into the
merchant’s business account. This typically takes up to 48 hours.

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Database Design 1-4: Major Transformations in

Computing Practice Activities

Grid Computing A global effort to develop an environment in which

Jawaban : Online book Store, Online Clothing, Online personal Shopping

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