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    Behavioral Learning Theory

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    adelia
    Behavioral learning theory explains learning through changes in observable behaviors due to environmental experiences. It contains three major principles: connectionism proposes that behaviors are formed through stimulus-response connections; classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a new conditioned response; and operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences to increase or decrease those behaviors. Behaviorism views learning as shaped by reinforcement and punishment from the external environment.

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    Behavioral Learning Theory

    Uploaded by

    adelia
    193 views3 pages
    Behavioral learning theory explains learning through changes in observable behaviors due to environmental experiences. It contains three major principles: connectionism proposes that behaviors are formed through stimulus-response connections; classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a new conditioned response; and operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences to increase or decrease those behaviors. Behaviorism views learning as shaped by reinforcement and punishment from the external environment.

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    Behavioral learning theory explains learning through changes in observable behaviors due to environmental experiences. It contains three major principles: connectionism proposes that behaviors are formed through stimulus-response connections; classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a new conditioned response; and operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences to increase or decrease those behaviors. Behaviorism views learning as shaped by reinforcement and punishment from the external environment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    193 views3 pages

    Behavioral Learning Theory

    Uploaded by

    adelia
    Behavioral learning theory explains learning through changes in observable behaviors due to environmental experiences. It contains three major principles: connectionism proposes that behaviors are formed through stimulus-response connections; classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a new conditioned response; and operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences to increase or decrease those behaviors. Behaviorism views learning as shaped by reinforcement and punishment from the external environment.

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    Behavioral Learning Theory

    Every people have different ways in learning. There are some theories that make people

    have different ways in learning. One of the theories is behaviorism. Woolfolk (2004) in Brown &

    Green (2016) writes, “Behaviorism attempts to explain learning by focusing on external events

    as the cause of changes in observable behaviors” (p.31). It means that behavior learning theory

    makes the learners have new behavior because of their experience and their environmental

    conditions. Behavior learning theory has three major principles that were invented by the experts

    such as connectionism, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning.

    Connectionism, developed by Edward L. Thorndike, is a theory that said behavior is only

    formed if the stimulus (S) and response (R) connected with individual motive. For example,

    Thorndike did experiments with hungry cats that placed in a box with the food outside. The cats

    tried to open the box to find a food. They tried to find solution to open the box and find the food.

    At first, the cats needed much time to open the box. However, after they find the solution for the

    first time, they could do it again and need shorter time at the next trials.

    Connectionism has three major laws; the laws of effect, the law of readiness, and the law

    of exercise. The laws of effect responses to a situation which are followed by prosper condition

    that change becomes habitual responses to the situation that experienced. The law of readiness is

    a series of responses that have function to achieve the goals. Meanwhile, the law of exercise is

    that connection can be stronger with exercise or weaker if the exercise is stopped.

    The second major principal of behaviorism is classical conditioning that is developed by

    Ivan Pavlov. Classical conditioning is learning theory that occurs when two stimuli, neutral

    stimulus and unconditioned stimulus, happen in the same time and bring unconditioned response.
    If neutral stimulus is often paired with unconditioned stimulus, the response can change into

    conditioned response. For example, Pavlov did experiments with a dog. He put food in front of

    the dog. Then, the dog salivates. However, when he put bell in front of the dog, it did not

    salivates. Then, he tried to do something else by putting both of food and the bell in front of the

    dog. The dog salivates even though there is a bell beside the food. Then, when it happened

    repeatedly, the dog salivates when it saw the bell only.

    The other major principal of behaviorism is operant conditioning that is developed by B.

    F. Skinner. Operant conditioning is a learning theory that occurs when a response is followed by

    reinforcing stimulus (Brown & Green 2016 p. 32). Through operant conditioning, an association

    is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.

    In operant conditioning there are negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and

    punishment. A negative reinforcement decreases the probability that a behavior will occur. For

    example, when teacher stopped criticizing student, the student will not have a new behavior.

    Meanwhile, a positive reinforcement will increase the probability that a behavior will occur. For

    example, when teacher praises students, they will do the same thing in order to get teacher’s

    praise again. On the other hand, punishment will decrease a behavior that someone usually did.

    For example, when student usually interrupt the teacher and the teacher reprimands students,

    then student will stop interrupting the teacher.

    In conclusion, behavioral learning theory is a theory that contains three major principles

    that is developed by the expert. Those major principles are connectionism, classical conditioning,

    and operant conditioning. Behavioral approach to learning can be the best way to be applied by

    learners or teacher.

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