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Overview of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System in Higher Education

Institutions (HEIs)

Article  in  Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience · June 2018

DOI: 10.1166/asl.2018.11614

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Overview of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System in Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs)
Abrar Ullah*, Rohaizat Bin Baharun, Khalil MD Nor, Muhammad Yasir
Faculty of Management, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author Email: abrar.ullah@uoswabi.edu.pk

This study provides an overview of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) publications both
in journals and conferences with focus on Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This research
is conducted to both map and assess the relevant intellectual territory of ERP system with focus
on higher education, in order to update the state of art picture of the research, research question,
leading further to develop the knowledge base. The overview covers the span between 2009-
2017, categorized by themes discussed in the recent literature. The study, further intends to
serve three goal. First to explore what kind of questions arises in the ERP domain. Second this
study will be helpful source for further research. Lastly, it will provide a complete bibliography
of the articles for the mentioned span.
Keywords: Information System, ERP Systems, Higher Education, Literature Review.

1. Introduction

World of Information Technology (IT) is improving with the widespread innovation and
1
ERP systems are one of them. Botta-Genoulaz and Millet described ERP system as an
integrated software packages comprising of set of functional modules (Production, Human
resources, Sales, Finance etc.) and integrate all departmental functions across organizations
into one single system fulfilling the needs of all departments.
2
ERP system implementation lead to better performance and also brought enormous
benefits such as increased productivity, improve access to accurate and timely information,
enhance work flow, reduce reliance on paper, knowledge sharing, tight control, 3, as well as
automate all processes by integrating and coordinating the information across all departments
4
.
The goal of this study is to provide an overview of ERP literature published in journals and
conferences between 2009-2017. This paper aims to provide broad view of the current status
of ERP systems with focus on higher education sector, and to identify opportunities for further
research within the same domain. The article further intends to serve three goal. First to explore
what kind of questions arises in the domain. Second this study will be helpful source for further

1
research and lastly, it will provide a complete bibliography of the articles for the mentioned
span.
The organization of this paper is as follow: next section, we propose the methodology used
to search the articles, followed by review of selected articles, and the final section conclude the
paper and possible direction for future research.

2. Literature Review

Literature review for the current study is divided into three sections: namely concept of
ERP systems, benefits of ERP systems and ERP systems in higher education, and all are
presented in the following section.

2.1 Concept of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

The term ERP abbreviated from “Enterprise Resource Planning”, was introduced by
5
the Gartner Group in the early 1990s and represent computer and software systems that
combine and integrate all related processes of the enterprise, and serve users for the
management of all functions within the enterprise 6 .
Researchers referred ERP systems as enterprise system (ES), enterprise resource
management 7, and business system respectively 8, 9. Klaus, Rosemann 10 conceptualized ERP
System as comprehensive packaged software solutions of Information System (IS) designed to
integrate all business processes and work to present a complete outlook of the business from a
10 8
singular IT and information architecture . Davenport also described ERP an information
strategy that merge all information within an organization and create a comprehensive
information infrastructure involving all organizational units and functions. Marnewick and
11
Labuschagne clarified that ERP system is more than just a product or software and they
further conceptualized ERP into four components. The first component is software component
(Finance, Human Resources, Supply Chain Management, Supplier Relationship Management,
Customer Relationship Management, Business Intelligence), which is the visible to users and
seen as ERP product. The second component is process flow, which deals with the information
flow among modules within ERP system. Third is customer mind-set, that define the influence
of ERP system on users, team, and organization. And the final component is change
management, this component deals with the adoptability of ERP system implementation within
the organization, that are user attitude, project changes, business process changes, system

2
changes. Number of authors echoed the concept of ERP systems, which is summarized in table
I.
Table: I Summary of ERP concepts

Concept / Definition Author (s)

ERP system is a business management system comprises of set of software
Zornada and Velkavrh 12
that integrate and manage all business functions within organization
Grabski, Leech 13, Chan, Ngai 14,
Enterprise Resource Planning systems are integrated and complex
Umble, Haft 15, Kumar and Van
innovations
Hillegersberg 16, Ngai, Law 17
ERP are comprehensive information system that support the information
needs of all the business functions, in real time, including human
Seng Woo 18
resources, finance, marketing, operations, customer information, sales and
supply chain
ERP is generally termed as a system that automate key business functions
Razmi, Sangari 19
through integration and support decision making accordingly
A set of business modules or applications, that links organization’s units
like humane resource, finance, manufacture, accounting into one single
Beheshti 20
integrated system providing a platform for flow of information across all
units of the business with the use of internet as medium.
ERP systems are configurable information system packages, which are
Wu and Wang 21
design to integrate business functions.
ERP system are set of software designed to integrate all business functions
Shehab, Sharp 22
within organization.
ERP is an integrated system where a unique database provide flow for 23
information continuously and consistently for the entire company.
ERP system is a customizable enterprise wide packages able to integrate
Cardoso, Bostrom 24
all organization’s functions to single system with a common database.
ERP systems are business software packages which integrate all needed
information of the organization and efficiently and enables them to use
Fui-Hoon Nah, Lee-Shang Lau 25
resources effectively and efficiently (human resources, financial, material
etc.)
A packaged business software that automate and integrate the business
processes of an organization, manage a common database across Marnewick and Labuschagne 11
enterprise and access information in real time environment.

Likewise, Shehab, Sharp 22 define ERP systems as business management systems, comprising
of set of comprehensive software designed to integrate and manage all business functions
within organization. These set include applications for human resources, financial and
accounting, sales and distribution, project management, material management, supply chain
management (SCM), quality management and some others. ERP system structure and
functional modules outline is presented in the figure I.

3
 Figure I: ERP systems various modules
source: Shehab, Sharp 22

Based on the different viewpoints of the authors, the concept of ERP system may be
described as “Business management systems, composed of set of integrated software packages,
with a common database, controls the flow of integrated information in real time and manage
all processes across functional areas within organization.

4
2.2 Benefits of ERP System

Benefits of ERP systems are well known, and that’s why larger organizations with large
amount of data are attracted to these systems. The main theme of ERP system is the
centralization of information through centralized database. ERP system are Information system
software modules sharing a central database and information is flown between them, which
contain functionalities for sales and marketing, development and product design, field service,
production, inventory control, distribution, process design, management, and procurement
industrial facilities management, quality, manufacturing, human resource, finance and
accounting, and information services 26, 27 and only once these information must be entered 11.
28
Fadlalla and Amani concluded that ERP systems are the most comprehensive business
information systems that has come to surface, and provide solid informational foundation for
operational processing as well as decision making with the condition to implement
29
successfully. Hwa Chung and Snyder claimed that ERP is more of a methodology than a
piece of software, that integrates functions of all departments within the enterprise, into a single
system by incorporating several software applications. Table II summaries the benefits of ERP
system extracted from the previous studies.
Table II: Benefits of ERP Systems

Benefit (s) Author (s)

ERP system implementation allows the continuous flow of information

across the entire organization lead to improved operational
Chung, Hua Tan 2
performance, better performance, and address the problem of
fragmentations of information in organization.
ERP system links different departments of an organization, like
manufacturing, financial systems, order management, human
Chen 30
resources, suppliers and customers, into one integrated system sharing
common database.
ERP system could be the backbone of business intelligence for an
organization, if implemented successfully, and provide an integrated Nash 31, Parr and Shanks 32
view of all the business processes.

ERP system increase pace of organizational change and effectiveness Nash 31, Nielsen 33

ERP maintain centralised database and information flow between

different department easily leading to removal of human errors, data Karande, Jain 34
duplication and automation of routine tasks.
ERP brings integration to all departments and functionality inside an
organization with the help of integrated computer system covering all Kalpic and Fertalj 35
needs of the organization.

5
2.3 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Higher Education

ERP system has been growing in the higher education section within universities since
36
last decade, where particular systems have gained importance . However, Pollock and
Cornford 37 and Rabaa'i, Bandara 38 claimed that the implementation of ERP system in higher
39
education developed since the late 1990s. Rico described ERP systems for universities as
an IT solutions design to automate and integrate recruitment, academic and administrative
services, financial ad, admissions, and student records.
Universities are shifting to replace existing administrative IT systems to ERP systems
40, 41 12
in order to improve their operations and make them manageable and transparent ,
ultimately leading the universities to face new concepts and practices related to ERP systems
42
. The other reasons for implementing ERP systems in universities are the government’s
43, 44
pressure to be more efficient , to increase pace of the organizational change and
effectiveness 33, 45 to enable users to access information and improve performance by providing
46
better managerial tools to improve business performance by providing better services to
faculty, staff and student 47, to provide system to enable users to access information, such as
48
academic record, student information and other necessary data related to their work and
replace legacy systems, improve IT environment, provide improved information for planning
and management, increase customer satisfaction, and better utilization of ERP system to lead
49 50
them implementing advanced applications . Lope, Othman claimed that there are few
studies on ERP implementation for institution of higher learning, but this sector still needs to
be studied.

3. Methodology

The methodology employed for development of an overview of the literature on ERP

system with focus on higher education, all journals and conferences without imposing any
restrictions were targeted within the time frame of 2009 to 2017. In order to stick to the main
theme of our study that is overview of ERP system in higher education, we used combinations
of keywords shown in table III. The criterion for selection, that both keywords must be
mentioned in the title of the article, an attempt has been made to gather all available articles
from both journals and conferences. First we used google scholar as major search engine for
extracting the pool of relevant literature by using groups of keywords. Later on, the same search
procedure is repeated for academic databases such as Emerald, ProQuest Computing, Science

6
Direct, JSTOR and IEEE Explore, Springer Link, ACM Digital Library to extend our research
pool.
Table III: Combination of Keywords for Searching

Keyword 1 Keyword 2
“Enterprise Resource Planning” “Higher Education”
“ERP” “HE”
“ERP System” “ERP Education”
“IS” “IS Education”
“Information System” “Higher Education Institutions”
“ES” “ERP Educational Case Studies”
“Enterprise System” “Information System Education”

4. Discussion and Findings

The purpose of this section is to discuss the extracted articles with regard to existing
knowledge, themes and current issues about the ERP domain in higher education sector. A total
of 34 articles are selected within the define range, fulfilling our search criteria, among them 20
articles are published in Journals, while 14 presented in conferences. There is a possibility that
some articles may be missing from the pool, however the complete list of journals comprising
the number of articles appeared in each journal is presented in table IV and conference articles
in table V. By looking at the distribution of published research papers, 19 different journals
published papers from the span 2009 to 2016. Majority of the papers are published/ presented
in year 2009 and 2015, in total 14 (7 each) equal to 41 percent of the collection.

Table IV: Number of ERP articles in each journal (alphabetic order)

Journal Title No. of Articles
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 1
Enterprise Information Systems 1
Global Journal of Management and Business Research 1
Hertfordshire Business School Working Paper 1
International Journal of Business Information Systems 1
International Journal of Computer Science 1
International Journal of Computing Academic Research (IJCAR) 1
International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences 1
International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 1
International Journal of Management Research and Development 1
Journal of Information technology and economic development 1
Pragyaan Journal of Information Technology 1
Procedia Computer Science 2
Prometheus 1
Sindh University Research Journal 1
Strategic Change 1
The African Journal of Information Systems 1

7
 International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 1
WSEAS Transactions on Computers 1
Total 20

Table V: Number of ERP articles in each Conference (alphabetic order)

Conference Name No. of Articles

AMCIS 1
Fourth International Conference on Advanced Information Technologies and
1
Applications (ICAITA 2015), Dubai, UAE
Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), 2011 International Conference 1
iConference 2015 Proceedings 1
National Conference on Innovations in IT and Management NCI2TM 1
Proceedings of 20th Australasian Conference on Information Systems 1
Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS international conference on Artificial intelligence,
1
knowledge engineering and data bases
Proceedings of the Third international conference on Innovation and Information and
1
Communication Technology
System Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference 1
10th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and
1
Broadcasting Services (TELSIKS)
2009 International Conference on Computer Technology and Development 1
2010 International Symposium on Information Technology 1
2014 International Conference on Education Technologies and Computers (ICETC) 1
20th Australasian Conference on Information Systems 1
Total 14

4.1 Themes

This section categorized the main themes in the selected articles summarized in table
VI. Our finding shows that different themes have been used, that are critical success factors,
change management, ERP implementation, ERP evaluation, review, ERP impact, User
Performance, and usage of ERP system. Among all themes critical success factors dominate in
9 out of the 34 papers, followed by ERP systems review that is discussed in 6 papers. There
are also studies on ERP implementation, change management, user performance, and other
themes discussed in the selected pool. The discussion on each theme is presented below:

4.2.1 Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

As mentioned, the most discussed theme of the pool is Critical Success Factors (CSFs).
Authors conducted different methodologies for identification of CSFs in the context of higher
education. Olugbara, Kalema 51 characterized and determined 37 ERP success factors, which
influence the effective usage of ERP system, with a special focus on higher education
institutions. The authors used a combination of techniques to identify, validate, rank and

8
classify ERP CSFs related to higher education. First, CSFs were identified from literature,
second, they applied the expert judgment elicitation for validating the relevancy of CSFs with
higher education setting, followed by ranking by principal component analysis for these
factors. And lastly cross impact analysis was used for the classification of ERP factors into
four categories: Critical, Active, Reactive and Inert. They further claimed that findings of this
study will improve the success of ERP implementation and its usage in higher education and
other organizations.
Table VI: Themes Discussed with Source

Article Themes Reference(s)

Skoumpopoulou and Nguyen-Newby 52; Noaman and Ahmed 53
;
Change Management
Ketikidis, Koh 54; Al-Shamlan and Al-Mudimigh 55
Bologa, Bologa 56; Tariqi, Ahmad 57; Lechtchinskaia, Uffen 58
;
Critical Success Factors Olugbara, Kalema 51; AlQashami and Heba 59; Lope, Othman 50
;
Karande, Jain 34; ALdayel, Aldayel 41; Bologa, Muntean 60;
ERP Implementation Luić, Kalpić 61; Abdellatif 62;
Nizamani, Khoumbati 63; Sabau, Munten 64; Althonayan and
ERP Evaluation
Papazafeiropoulou 65; Nizamani, Khoumbati 66
Khare 67; Abugabah and Sanzogni 68; Rabaa'i, Bandara 38; Bhamangol,
Review
Nandavadekar 3, Rabaa'i 69; Abugabah and Sanzogni 70
User Performance Abugabah, Sanzogni 71;

ERP Impact Soliman and Karai 72; Soliman and Karia 73

Usage of ERP Ahmer, Demir 74

Tariqi, Ahmad 57; Awad 75
; Aljohani, Peng 76
; Al-Hudhaif 77
;
Other
Vathanophas and Stuart 49;

41
In similar context, alALdayel, Aldayel conducted a case study at King Saud
University, Saudi Arabia which implemented MADAR system. The focus was to gather an
overall view of important CSFs of ERP implementation in higher education from technical and
user perspective. The study showed that from technical perspective, the key CSFs in ERP
implementation are project management and system selection. Other factors related to technical
perspective are department participation, business process reengineering and support, ERP
team composition, ERP system integration, choosing of the supplier & its support and scope
of implementation and consultation participation. The study also shows training as the most
important factor from the user’s perspective, while system usefulness and user participation as
59
less important. Similarly, AlQashami and Heba presented an extensive review of 50 ERP
research articles published over the span from 2002 to 2015 to find out the imperative critical
factors for ERP implementation in the same region. They identified and defined 13 CSFs,

9
related to ERP system implementation that are widely important to higher education sector
worldwide and in Saudi Arabia.
58
A meta- analysis was also conducted by Lechtchinskaia, Uffen in order to identify
CSFs for selection and implementation of Integrated information system (IIS) and its
relationship to higher education sector. For this purpose, total 22 CSFs were deduced from 21
selected published articles using qualitative content analysis approach. As a result, Effective
Project Management, Project Team, Integration, Change management organizational culture,
vendor profile and Customization categories were identified. The result further shows that
“change management and organizational culture”, particularly internal and external
communication, stakeholder participation and business process reengineering were mentioned
the most.
60 56
In Romania, Bologa, Muntean and Bologa, Bologa evaluated studies of ERP
implementation in industry and confronted those studies to the practices in the universities. The
researchers identified the critical success factors and analyzed the difference, particularly
related to the case of universities. The differences are: communication structure, management
involvement, organization (culture), implementation team competences and inter-department
communication, and lauded the importance of these factors in the universities. They further,
concluded that special attention must be paid to human factors and organization as they are
significantly different from companies, in academic environment.
In Malaysian context, Tariqi, Ahmad 57 examined applicability of ERP implementation
in higher education institution and develop a framework for implementation. This study took
one institution as a case and documented all the problems by implementing I-campus system,
which comprises of three modules: main module (Student Finance and Administration), human
resource module, and finance module. As a result, they highlighted CSFs important for I-
CAMPUS implementation, which are: top management commitment and understanding of
information system, managing change, right approach for different scale of information system,
well- defined environment, good quality of analyst and designer, right approach for different
type of application, acceptable time pressure, system integration, right approach for data issues,
commitment to the project, manageable size project, and quality assurance through the system
development life cycle. And finally, they claim that information management must be manage
effectively and efficiently to ensure the success in the university. In the same region, Lope,
50
Othman propose an ERP Campus implementation framework after conducting a field
research of 50 private higher education institution. they stressed four phases of the framework:
project initiation, project implementation, realization and operation and maintenance,

10
consisting of CSFs, deliverables and responsivities, and concluded its suitability for Malaysian
environment with its unique features.
Aljohani, Peng 76 investigate factors by conducting interviews with decision makers,
IT staff and managers, who make contribution with replacement decision. They determined
factors that influence the replacement of ERP system. The factors are: Trend pressure, poor
integration between departments and public negativity and further concluded that these factors
need to be investigated for more clarification. And lastly, Karande, Jain 34 presented the study
and explored critical success factors related to higher education in India. They identified CSFs
from previous studies and classified into groups: strategic factors, tactical factors, and
operational factors to help higher education to implement ERP system successfully.

4.2.2 Change Management

While investigating change management Al-Shamlan and Al-Mudimigh (2011) took

MADAR as case study to discuss change management strategies and processes for successful
ERP implementation, ultimately leading to the measurement its impact in employees. The data
was collected through questionnaires distribution among 40 employees in order to measure the
impact of change management. The study shows that successful strategies should consist of
three phases: pre-implementation phase, implementation phase, and evaluation phase. The
change management activities such as preparation and studying should be applied in pre-
implementation phase, the training and communication activities in implementation phase, and
similarly monitoring of the employee’s job performance should be done in evaluation phase.
They further stressed, that top management commitment, communication, and training are
critical change management processes in ERP implementation.
53
Similarly, Noaman and Ahmed shows ERP contents that are successfully
implemented in higher education. In this study the authors highlighted the functionalities for
ERP in higher education like factors that are mis-fitting ERP in higher education, comparison
of ERP in higher education with business modules, technical preview of ERP in higher
education, and ERP framework in King Abdul Aziz University in Saudi Arabia as case study.
By doing so, the authors proved that the ERP in higher education have different set of
functionalities from ERP in business. And ERP system for higher education should be tailored
to cope with organization structure including policy / strategy, business processes structure,
data flow, and academic functionalities.

11
 78
In similar theme, Waring and Skoumpopoulou conducted this study to explore the
influence of ERP implementation in university’s culture through a relational ontology. For this
study data was collected through document analysis, interviews, and participant’s observations.
The Big City University implemented and ERP package Strategic Information Technology
Services (SITS) with little stakeholder involvement, without customization and business
process change. The university adopted the system with the values and assumptions of the
developers, consultants. The authors discussed the emerged culture over time within Big City
after interaction between an ERP technology and the organization. The study provided an
overview of the information systems and organizational culture prior to SITS adoption and the
subsequent cultural changes through the lenses of integration, differentiation and fragmentation
after implementation.

4.2.3 ERP System Review

68
In the present theme, Abugabah and Sanzogni critically reviewed the previous
research in ERP system in Higher education in general and with special focus on Australians’
higher education. the authors suggested that the focus of research need to shift user perspective
rather than technical and organization and from success and implementation to issues related
to users that create value and outcomes of ERP systems.
38
In Australian higher education context, Rabaa'i, Bandara conducted a descriptive
study at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Different areas like ERP adoption, ERP
selection, customization procedures, ERP system integration, role of consultant and ERP
system evaluation were emphasized by conducted interviews. The study highlighted many
issues related to ERP adoption in higher education and also provide more real life examples
important for universities to follow. The authors finally concluded that future research may be
conducted to evaluate ERP stakeholders in the higher education context.
Similarly, in another study, Rabaa'i (2009) reviewed the literature to find key critical
success factors for ERP implementation success. The aim of the study is to understand the
phenomenon of ERP implementations and the evaluation of ERP in higher education in
Australia region. The study further identifies critical success factors related to ERP
implementations success in university environment and discussed its importance. The study
found 12 critical success factors for ERP implementation that are: top management
commitment and support, change management, project management, business process
reengineering and system’s customisation, Training, ERP team composition, vision and
planning consultant selection and relationship, communication plan, ERP system selection,

12
ERP system integration and post-implementation evaluation. The author further explained its
importance in ERP implementation success. On conclusion, he suggested that all the factors
may be investigated across different implementation stakeholders like top executives, end
users, project team members, technical users and consultants.
Moreover, Khare (2014) provided an overview by conducting a descriptive study of
ERP in higher education institutions. The study discussed benefits of ERP in higher education,
role of ERP in educational organizations. The study further suggested a shift the attention from
technical side success and failure factors to other tasks like users, task and system and how
these elements can be evaluated to increase the benefits of ERP systems. Lastly, Bhamangol et
al. (2011) presented a general literature review of ERP system in higher education. In this
study, the authors highlighted benefits of ERP in higher education, a checklist of features to
checked before implementation and need of customization after procurement. And later,
suggested vendor two groups, one each from organization and vendor side, and termed it
important for ERP implementation.

4.2.4 ERP Implementation

In ERP implementation theme, de Castro Silva and de Oliveira 79 presented the study
to discuss all the challenges came to surfaced during the process of scope definition in the
planning step while acquiring an ERP for Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
Brazil. The paper highlighted the benefits and hurdles of implementation, the influence of the
system on the institution’s routine by presenting the scope definition to acquire an ERP system
for UFRRJ. Keeping in view the scope the authors presented the main points to be considered
to acquire the project that are cost reduction, work reduction and inconsistences, elimination
of interfaces between isolated systems, contribution to integrated management and global
optimization of the company’s processes.
In the same theme, Abdellatif 62 presented this study to focus on ERP implementation,
highlighted post implementation problems in developing countries with a focus on Bahrain and
Egypt. The authors explained that failure rates of ERP systems are due to inadequate IT
infrastructure, lack of IT/ERP experience, incompatible governmental policies with ERP
requirements. Later the case of Pan-American University, Mexico is investigated, that how
ERP implementation delivered solution for University’s administrative problems. And finally
concluded that ERP system still remain a challenging and risky option for universities in
developing countries.

13
 Similarly, Luić, Kalpić 61 conducted this study to explained the risk of integration while
implementing ERP system into the academic environment. They further highlighted ERP and
demands of academic community, importance of Integrated Information system in Higher
Education. they provided some functionalities (solutions) in higher education: grant and funds
management, financial management, budgeting and planning and Human Capital Management
(HCM). They concluded as the Integrated Business Information System (IBIS) is complex
process due to which implementing ERP into higher education is a risk and should be carried
out on the state level.

4.2.5 ERP Evaluation

In the higher education, the evaluation of the ERP systems in an ongoing debate. To fill
this gap, several researchers make attempts such as Nizamani, Khoumbati 63. In their study,
they proposed a model to evaluate the ERP systems in the higher education of Pakistan. The
model comprising of system quality, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction,
individual impact, and organisational impact from IS success model and critical success factors
such as top management support, business process reengineering, education and training and
organization culture as independent variables and ERP system success as outcome variable.
Later, in their subsequent work 66, tested and verify their model by obtaining sample from seven
universities in Pakistan. All the hypotheses are supported and based on the result proposed
another model with less instrument yet to be validated.
Similarly, Althonayan and Papazafeiropoulou (2013) evaluated impact of ERP systems
in higher education with respect to stakeholder’s performance. For this purpose, three models:
Task Technology Fit Model, Delone and Mclean’s (D&M) IS success model, and End User
Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) Model were integrated to derive factors for theoretical
framework. Factors related to impact were gathered from Delone and Mclean, consider the as
half measure and the factors related to quality the other half measure were gathered from TTF
and EUCS. The data was collected through structured questionnaire form 60 users of MADAR
system in King Saud University. This study concluded that system quality: flexibility,
compatibility, right data, currency, ease of use, timeliness and service quality: tangibility,
reliability, responsiveness, and assurance have impact on stakeholders’’ performance.
More recently, in search of ERP system success Soliman and Karia 73 conducted a study
in the higher education of Egypt. Based on the IS success model and Diffusion of Innovation
(DOI) theory, the proposed model explains the successful implementation of ERP system and
its potential impact on competitive advantage in HEIs. The model tested the relationship among

14
the variables from IS success model, DOI theory along with CSF such as top management
support, business process re-engineering and training to evaluate competitive advantage
through ERP adoption.

4.2.6 Other Themes

It is witnessed from literature that research on ERP system in not limited to the themes
discussed above in the domain of higher education. Researchers also shed light on other themes
such as ERP system impact 72, 73, usage of ERP system 80, and ERP replacement 76.
Similarly specific to user performance in the higher education context, Abugabah,
Sanzogni 71 conducted a study to evaluate the impact of ERP systems on the performance of
users in higher education institutions to understand the ERP phenomenon in these institutions
and further determine these works in complex environment. For this a synthesized model is
developed comprising constructs from D & M IS Success model, TAM and task technology
fit. The result indicates that ERP systems impact on the performance of user in higher education
in significant way. The result, further highlight that the ERP’s System Quality, Information
Quality and task technology fit are most significant factors that affect the performance of user
in ERP environment. Although, the study factors highlight majority portion of the variance in
user performance, but part of the variance still remains unexplained.

5. Conclusion

In this study, we attempted to provide an overview of recent trends of ERP systems in

the higher education context. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of ERP literature
published in journals and conferences during the period of 2009-2017. This paper aims to
provide broad view of the current status of ERP system with focus on higher education sector,
and to identify opportunities for further research within the same domain. The study, further
intends to serve three goal. First to explore what kind of questions arises in the domain. Second
this study is a useful source for further study. Lastly, it provides a complete bibliography of
the articles for the mentioned span.

15
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