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Dalton's Atomic Theory

This document discusses Dalton's atomic theory, which was formulated between 1803 and 1807 and consisted of four postulates. The postulates are that elements are composed of atoms, atoms of the same element are identical, atoms cannot be changed or destroyed in chemical reactions, and compounds form when atoms of elements combine in fixed ratios. These postulates gave rise to three laws of chemical combination - the law of constant composition, the law of conservation of mass, and the law of multiple proportions.

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104 views1 page

Dalton's Atomic Theory

This document discusses Dalton's atomic theory, which was formulated between 1803 and 1807 and consisted of four postulates. The postulates are that elements are composed of atoms, atoms of the same element are identical, atoms cannot be changed or destroyed in chemical reactions, and compounds form when atoms of elements combine in fixed ratios. These postulates gave rise to three laws of chemical combination - the law of constant composition, the law of conservation of mass, and the law of multiple proportions.

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Aljon Catiban
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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General Chemistry 1

Specialized Subject
#SFLectures

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

John Dalton (1766 – 1844), was an English scientist that formulated Dalton’s atomic theory
during 1803 to 1807.

4 Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory


Postulate 1: Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
Postulate 2: All atoms of a given element are identical, but the atoms of one element are
different from the atoms of all other elements.
Postulate 3: Atoms of one element cannot be changed into atoms of a different element by
chemical reactions; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Postulate 4: Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given
compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.

Those postulates give way to the birth of different laws of chemical combination.
Law No. 1: LAW OF CONSTANT COMPOSITION — based on postulate 4 of Dalton’s atomic
theory where this law states that “in a given compound, the relative numbers and kinds of atoms
are constant”.
Law No. 2: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS — based on postulate 3 of Dalton’s atomic
theory where this law states that “the total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction
is the same as the total mass present before the reaction”. This law was proved by Antoine
Lavoisier when he conducted an experiment involving mercuric oxide, weighed it before the
reaction and weighed it after the reaction and found out that the mass before the experiment is
the same as the mass after the experiment.
Law No. 3: LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS — deduced by Dalton using his theory. This
law states that “if two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses
of B that can combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers”.

Sources:
• Patalinghug, W. C., Camacho, V. M. I., Sevila III, F. B., Singson, M. C. D. (2016). Teaching
guide for Senior High School: General Chemistry 1. Commission on Higher Education. Diliman,
Quezon City.
• Brown, T. L., LeMay, J. E., Bursten, B. E., Murphy, C. J., Woodward, P. M., & Stoltzfus, M. W.
(2015). Chemistry: The Central Science (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United
States of America: Pearson Education, Inc.

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