20208ancient History Hindi Crwill

Ancient History izkphu Hkkjr
By Abhishek Suman Sir

Prehistoric Period izkxsfrgkfld dky
Stone Age ik"kk.k ;qx
ILL
2. Paleolithic Period iqjkik"kk.k dky & (5 Lakh B.C to – 8000 B.C)
• blh dky esa euq"; us vkx dk vfo"dkj fd;kA

• blus iRFkjks ls gh dqN vkStkj cuk;s tSls dh & Hand axes, eleners, scrappers.
• bl dky esa euq"; f'kdkjh gqvk djrk FkkA
vo'ks"k %&
W
•
Belan River Valley.

Sohan Rivers Valley.
Narmada River Valley
ER
vkSj blds vykok bl dky dh gesa dqN xqQk fp=dkjh Hkh izkIr gqbZ tks fd Hkksiky ds HkhecsVdk ls
feyh gSA
2. Mesolethic Period eè; ik"kk.k dky (800 B.C – 400 B.C)
• bl dky esa gfFk;kjksa dk vkdkj NksVk gqvkA tks fd microliths dgk x;k gSA
RE
• bl dky esa euq"; us Ik'kqikyu dh 'kq:vkr dhA

• 1st Evidence of Domestication – Adamgarh – M.P
– Bagru – Rajasthan
• ekuo dadky ds Hkh vo'ks"k feys gSA tks fd Sarai Nahar – Pratapgarh – U.P
CA
3. Nealethic Period – uo ik"kk.k dky & (400 B.C – 2500 B.C)
• bl dky esa euq"; us Ñf"k dh 'kq:vkr dhA

• 1st Evidence of Agriculture – Balochistan (mehrgarh) – Pak ¼tkS] xsg¡w] dikl½
• pkoy dh [ksrh ds Hkh dqN vo'ks"k feys gS tks& Koldihwa, Allahabad, U.P
• tEew d'ehj ds cqtZgkse uked LFkku ls& ekuo dadky ds lkFk dqÙks dh gfM~M;ksa ds lk{; feys gSaA
• cqtZ gkse ls gh & dqN feV~Vh ds crZu Hkh feys gSA
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Protohistoric Period vk| ,frgkfld dky
Indus-Valley Civilisation – 2500 BC – 1700 BC

fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk
1856 %& Alexzender khingham (father of Indian Archaeology) us fossils dks bdV~Bk fd;k
vkSj mu ij [kkst dhA
ILL
– India Museum – Biggest museum in India – Calcutta.
(1899 – 1905) – Land curzon – (Archaeologist)
1905 – Archaeological Sarvey of India.
HQ: Indian museum – Calcutta.
W
ER
RE
CA
• ;g lH;rk ,d 'kgjh lH;rk FkhA bldk vkdkj f=Hkqth; FkkA

• bl lH;rk dh lcls izeq[k fo'ks"krk bldk uxj fu;kstu vkSj ty fudklh FkkA
• blh lH;rk ds yksxksa us rkacsa esa Vhu feykdj dk¡ls dk fuekZ.k fd;kA
• blfy, bls Bronze Age Civilization Hkh dgrs gSA
ILL
W
ER
RE
CA
Place Year River Inventor
1. Harappa (Pakistan Mantgomai) 1921 Ravi Daya Ram

Sahni
ILL
2. Mohenjodaro (Larkana, Pak) 1922 Sindhu R.D. Benerjee
3. Sutkagandor (Balochistan Pak) 1927 Dashka R.L. Styme
4. Chandhudaro (Sindh Pak) 1931 Indus M.G.

Mazumdar
5. Rangpur (Ahmedabad, Gujarat) 1953 Sabermati M.S vatsya
W
6. Ropad (Punjab) 1953 Satlaj Y.D. Sharma
7. Lothal (Gujarat) 1955 Bhogwa S.R. Rao

ER
8. Kalibanga (Rajasthan) 1953 Ghaghar A. Ghosh
9. Alamgirpur (Meerut U.P) 1958 Hindan V.D. Sharma
10. Banawali (Haryana) 1973 Saraswati R.S Bisht
11. Dhoulavira (Gujarat) 1990 Bhogwa R.S. Bisht

RE
12. Rakhigarhi (Haryana) 1990 Saraswati Ratiq Maghal
• Indus Valley Civilization ds lokZf/kd LFky xqtjkr esa gSA
Harappa – gM+Iik
CA
• gM+Iik ls feyus okyh lcls cM+h bekjr ,d 12 d{kks dk vUukxkj FkkA

• bl lH;rk dh izeq[k Qly xsgw¡ ,oa tkS FkhA
• ,d dfczLrku ¼R-37 ;k lekf/k&37½ feyk gSA
• 'koksa dks dsoy nQukus dh izFkk gM+Iik esa gh FkhA
• moZjrk dh nsoh dh ewfrZ feyh gSA
• 'ka[k dk cuk gqvk cSy Hkh feyk gSA
• cVu ds vkdkj dh eksgjsA
Mohanjodaro
• Mohanjodaro ls feyus okyh lcls cM+h bekjr ,d fo'kky vUukxkj FkkA ysfdu lcls izfl)
bekjr ,d fo'kky Lukukxkj FkkA
• uV~Vjkt dh ewfrZ & ¼f'ko dh½
ILL
• Hkkjr dk lcls iqjkuk u`R; dyk & f'ko rkaMo FkhA
• Ik'kqifr dh ewfrZ & ¼f'ko dh½
• ,d LokfLrd fpUg Hkh feyk gSA
• u`R; djrh gqbZ ckfydk dh ewfrZ & dkals dh cuh gqbZ
W
• izR;sd edku esa ,d dq,¡ dk lk{; feykA
• egkfo|ky; Hkou dk lk{; feyk gSA
• ,d Ük`axkj Box Hkh feyk gSA
Chandhudaro pangqnM+ks
ER
• bl lH;rk dk ;g ,dek= xzkeh.k {ks= FkkA
• ;gk¡ ls gesa xksy bZVsa feyh gSA
• csyukdkj eksgjs feyh gSA
• fcYyh dk fiNk djrs gq, ,d dqÙks dk fp=A
RE
• pwfM+;ksa ,oa fyfifLVd ds lk{; Hkh feys gSaA

• ,d gkFkh dk nk¡r Hkh feyk gSA
Lothal yksFky
• ;g bl lH;rk dk canjxkg Fkk vkSj bl lH;rk dh okf.kfT;d jkt/kkuh Hkh FkkA

CA
• Qkjl dh eqnzk Hkh feyh gSA

• ?kksM+s dh vfLFk;k¡
• pkoy ds nkuksa ds lk{;
• ,d eEeh dk lk{; Hkh feyk gSA
• fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk dh nks iz'kklfud jkt/kkfu;ka Hkh ftUgsa tqM+ok¡ jkt/kkfu;k¡ dgk tkrk FkkA gM+Iik o
eksgutksnM+ks
• bl lH;rk dh fyih esa 64 ewy fpUg FksA ftls Hkkofp=kRed fyih dgk tkrk gSA
• ;g fyih igys Right to Left fQj Left to Right fy[kk tkrk FkkA
• yxHkx 1750 bZ- iw- esa bl lH;rk dk vUr ck<+ tkus ds dkj.k gqvkA
oSfnd lH;rk
ILL
Vedik Civilization 1500 B.C – 600 B.C
• 1500 B.C esa vk;Zu dk vkxeu gqvkA ;g eè; ,f'k;k ls vk;s FksA
W
• cky xaxk/kj fryd ds vuqlkj ;g mÙkjh /kqzo ls vk;s FksA
• n;kuUn ljLorh ds vuqlkj ;g frCcr ls vk;s FksA
ER
RE
• lEiw.kZ mÙkj vkSj mÙkjh&if'peh esa vk;ks± us ,d xzkeh.k lH;rk 'kq: fd ftls oSfnd lH;rk dgk
tkrk gSA
• bl lH;rk ds yksxksa dk eq[; dk;Z Ñf"k ,oa Ik'kqikyu FkkA
• bl lH;rk ds ifjokj fi= la[;kRed gqvk djrs FksA
CA
_Xosn Rigveda (1500 – B.C – 1000 B.C)

• ;g lHkh osnksa esa lcls izkphu gSA blesa 10 e.My gSA
• lHkh e.Myksa dk ladyu osn O;kl ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
• lcls iqjkuk e.My & 2 to 7
• uohure e.My & 10
• _Xosn dk 3 & e.My & dh jpuk & fo'okfe= us Hkh blh e.My esa xk;=h ea= dh jpuk dh FkhA
• 10oka & e.My & egklwErh; & o.kZ O;oLFkk dk o.kZu
• czkã.k
• {kf=;
• oS';
'kwnz
ILL
•
• _Xosn esa oSfnd dky dh lcls ifo= unh ljLorh dks crk;k x;k gSA lcls egRoiw.kZ unh fla/kq FkhA
• xaxk & ¼xkSjk½ & 1 ckj
;equk ¼dkfyanh½ & 3 ckj
• :nz 'kCn dk mi;ksx Hkh _Xosn esa gSA
W
:nz & Rudra & 3 ckj & ¼f'ko dk vorkj½
• lcls T;knk ckj ¼1½ firk 'kCn ¼335½ dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
¼2½ tu & 275
¼3½ banz & 250
ER
¼4½ ekrk & 234
• og O;fDr tks _Xosn ds ea=ksa dk mPpkj.k djrk gS mls gks= dgrs gSA
2. Samved - lkeosn
lkeosn dks gh Hkkjrh; laxhr dk tud dgk tkrk gSA laxhr ds lkr lqjks dk mYys[k lkeosn ls gh
RE
•
izkIr gqvk gSA
• blesa lw;Znso dh Lrwfr ls lacaf/kr ea=ksa dk ladyu gSA
• tks O;fDr tks lkeosn ds ea=ksa dk xk;u djrk gS og mnxknk dgykrk gSA
Yajurveda - ;tqoZsn
CA
3.
• bl osn ds lHkh ea= ;Kks esa fu;eksa ls lacaf/kr ,oa vU; /kkfeZd fØ;kdykiksa lacaf/kr ea=ksa dk ladyu
fd;k x;k gSA
• ;g ,dek= osn gS ftlesa x| ,oa i| nksuksa gSA
• ;tqosZn ds ea=ksa dk mPpkj.k djus okys O;fDr dks v?kR;qZ dgykrk gSA
4. Atharveda vFkoZon
s
• blds lHkh ea=ksa dkyk tknw vkSj o'khdj.k ds mipkj] izsr vkRekvks ls fuokj.k ,oa vU; vk;qosZfnd
mipkjksa dk ladyu fd;k x;k gSA
• ;g osn lHkh osnksa esa lcls uohu gSA
• bl osnks ds ea=ksa dk mPpkj.k djus okyk czkãk dgykrk gSA
Historic Period (600 B.C – 712 AD)
ILL
600 B.C ds 16 egktuin
ckS) xzaFk & vaxksÙkj fudk;
tSu /keZ & Hkxorh lw=
egktuin jkt/kkuh
W
1- vax & pEik@pEikuxjh
2- dk'kh & okjk.klh
3- xkaU/kkj & r{kf'kyk
4- dq: & bUnzizLFk
ER
5- dEcksp & gkVd@jktkiqj
6- lw;Zlsu & eFkqjk
7- dksly & JkoLrh@v;ksè;k
8- ex/k & jktxzg@ikVfyiq=@oS'kkyh
RE
9- psanh & lErherh

10- ikapky & vfgN=
11- oTth & fefFkyk@fonsg
12- eRL; & fojkVuxj
CA
13- oRl; & dkS'kkEch

14- vLed & dksVu
;s nf{k.k Hkkjr dk ,dek= egktuin FkkA
15- vourh & mTtSu ¼mÙkjh½@ekfg"erh nf{k.kh
16- ey & dq'khuxj
600 B.C dk /kkfeZd vkanksyu
ckS) /keZ
Founder – xkSre cq)
Known as – Light of Asia

• tUe ls {kf=; ¼'kkE; dqy½ FksA cpiu dk uke fl)kFkZ FkkA
• budk tUe 563 bZ- iw- esa dfiyoLrq ¼usiky½ ds yqEcuh uked LFkku ij gqvk FkkA
ILL
• firk dk uke 'kq)ks/ku tks 'kkE; dqy ds FksA
ekrk dk uke egkHkkxk ¼dkSfy;k oa'k½ dh FkhA tUe ds 7 fnu ckn ekrk dh e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA
egkHkkxk & Sister of Prajapat Gautmi
• wife – Yashodhara
W
Son – Rahul
lkjFkh & Channa (Chaan)
Honse – konthok
• 29 o"kZ dh vk;q esa x`g R;kx ¼bls egkfHkfu"Øe.k dgrs gS½ fn;kA
ER
• vuksek unh ds rV ij bUgksaus lU;klh :Ik /kkj.k fd;k vkSj egkKku dh izkfIr ds fy, fudy iM+As
RE
• x;k igq¡psA 6 o"kks± dh riL;k ds ckn fugkFkZ dks x;k esa fujatuk unh ds rV ij egkKku ¼fuokZ.k½ dh
izkfIr gqbZA
• egkKku dh izkfIr ds ckn ;g cq) ds uke ls tkus x;sA
• cq) us viuk izFke mins'k ¼/keZpØ ifjorZu½ lkjukFk ¼okjk.klh½ esa fn;k FkkA
CA
• blds ckn bUgksaus ckS) la?k dh LFkkiuk lkjukFk esa dhA

Follow - ¼cq)] la?k o /kEe½
Minimum age to join – 15 years

• ckS) la?k dh x.kiwfrZ 20 lnL; dh FkhA
1 f'k"; & 2 'kwnz ¼riLlw o eYyqd ;k dfYyd½
1 efgyk f'k"; & Gautmi buddha
izfl) f'k"; & vkuUn o mikyh
• cq) us vius lokZf/kd mins'k JkoLrh esa ikyh Hkk"kk esa fn;k vius thou ds vafre le; esa dq'khuxj
igq¡ps vkSj viuk mins'k lqHkPN dks fn;kA
• 483 – B.C dq'khuxj ¼fgj.;korh unh ds fdukjs½ esa vfrlkj ls budh e`R;q ¼egkifjfuokZ.k½ gks xbZA
izFke ckS) egk laxhfr & 483
ILL
Place – Raj Grih (Satparni Cave)
Ruka – Ajatsatru (Haryanka Dynesty)
Chairman – Mahakasyam
W
ER
f}rh; ckS) egklaxhfr & 383 B.C
Place – Vaishali
Ruler – Kalashoke ¼f'k'kqukx oa'k½
RE
Chairmen – Sabakmir/ Sanvakamini

Work – follower – Divide in two parts
1. LFkkohj
2. egklaf?kd
CA
rhljh ckS) egklaxhfr & 251 B.C

Place – Pattiputra
Ruler – Ashoka (Maurya Dynesty)
Chairman – eksXxkfyiqÙkfrLe
Work – ckS) /keZ esa rhljk fiVd tksM+k x;kA

& vfHk/kEe fiVd
v'kksd ds ledkyhu ckS) fHk{kqvksa dh
pkSFkh egklaxhrh & 78 : A.D/ 81 A.D
Place – Kudaluan (Kashmir)
Ruler – Kaniska (Kushan Dynesty)
Chairman – Vashumitra
ILL
Vice Chairman – Ashwa ghose
ckS) /keZ 2 lektksa esa foHkkftr gqvk
1- ghu;ku
2- egk;ku
W
ghu;ku egk;ku
• ;s ewfrZiwtk esa fo'okl ugha djrs ;s djrs gSA
• ghu;ku Gautam Buddha dks egk;ku Gautam Buddha dks
dsoy euq"; ekurs FksA Hkxoku ekurs FksA
ER
• budk dksbZ rhFkZLFkku ugha gksrkA buds 4 rhFkZ LFkku gksrs gSA
• ;s Jhyadk] baMksusf'k;k vkSj E;kaekj ckdh LFkkuks ij
esa vf/kd ik;s tkrs gSA
tSu /keZ Jainism
RE
24 rhFkZdj%
1st & _"kHknso iq= &
1- Hkjr
2- xksHkVs'oj ¼buds gkFkksa esa 200 gkfFk;ksa dk cy Fkk½
CA
23rd & ik'oZukFk &
budh e`R;q laons ioZr ij gqbZ FkhA 100 o"kZ dh mez esa 4 egkozr
1- lR;
2- vfgalk
3- vLrsi ¼pksjh u djuk½
4- vifjxzg
24th & egkohj Lokeh & ¼vafre½
Birth – 540 B.C dq.Mxzke oS'kkyh
cpiu dk uke o)Zeku

firk & Sidhhartha ¼KkUrd dqy½
ekrk &
ILL
Trishla
iRuh & Yashoda
iq=h & Priyadarshra/Anojja
nkekn & Jamali
• 30 o"kZ dh vk;q esa o)Zeku us viuk xzg R;kx fn;kA
W
budh lcls igyh eqykdkr e[kyh xks'kky  ¼vkthod laiznk;½  HkkX;oknh /keZ uke O;fDr ls
gqbZA
• 12 o"kZ dh riL;k ds ckn o)Zeku dks tqfEcdk xzke esa fjtqikf=dk unh ds rV ij egkKku 
ER
dSoY;  dsofyu & ftu] fuxzaFk
izFke f'k"; & tekyh ¼nkekn½
efgyk & pUnuk
• izkphu dky esa tSu /keZ dk izeq[k dsUnz eFkqjk FkkA
RE
• ex/k esa tSu /keZ dk izpkj djus ds fy, bUgksaus vius 11 f'k";ksa dks fu;qDr fd;kA
11 & x.k/kj & ex/k
• vk;Z lq/kjlZu & egkohj Lokeh ds e`R;q ds ckn thfor jgus okyk bdykSrk x.k/kj
Arya Sudherman – 1st Chairman of join Union
CA
• 468 B.C esa egkohj Lokeh dh e`R;q ikokiqnh esa gqbZA
300 B.C ex/k] LFkwyHknz] LosrkEcj] Hknzckgw] fnxEcj
1st tSu egklaxhfr
Place – Patliputra
Ruler – Chandra Gupta Maurya
Chairman – Sthulbhadra
Work – Jainism divide in two communities.
1- LosrkEcj
2- ihrkEcj
LosrkEcj nhxEcj
• ;s egkohj dh f'k{kkvksa dks ekurs gSA nhxkEcj Hknzckgw dh f'k{kk dks ekurs gSA
ILL
• Losr oL= /kkj.k djrs gSA ;s oL= /kkj.k ugha djrs gSA
• ;s egkohj dks fookfgr ekurs gSA ;s vfookfgr ekurs gSA
• LosrkEcjks ds vuqlkj 19osa rhFk±dj eYyhukFk ysfdu buds vuqlkj oks ,d iz#"k FksA
,d lrh FksA
W
2nd tSu egklaxhfr – 513 A.D
Place – oYyHkh xqtjkr
Chairman – nso/khZ {kek{ke.k
blh egklaxhfr ds nkSjku tSu /keZ dh f'k{kkvksa dks fyfi cg fd;k x;kA
ER
xzaFk & vkxe
ex/k dk mRd"kZ
g;Zd oa'k & 544 B.C
budh igyh jkt/kkuh jktxzg FkhA
RE
• bldh LFkkiuk fcfEclkj us dh FkhA ;g xkSre cq) ds ledkyhu FkkA

• blus vax jkT; ij vkØe.k djds ex/k esa feyk;kA
• blus dks'kynsoh ls fookg fd;k tks dks'ky ds egkjkt iz lsukthr dh cgu Fkh vkSj mlh ls bls
ngst esa dk'kh izkIr gqvkA
CA
• bldh nwljh ifRu dk uke psYyuk Fkk tks fyPNoh oa'k dh jktdqekjh FkhA
• budk ,d jktoS/k ;k ftldk uke thod FkhA
blus thod dks vofUr ds jktk iz|ksr dk bykt djus Hkstk tks ihfy;k ls xzflr FkkA
• fcfEclkj dh gR;k blds iq= vtkr'k=q ds }kjk dh xbZ tks ex/k dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
vtkr'k=q & 492 B.C – 460 B.C
• egkohj Lokeh ¼468½ rFkk xkSre cq) ¼483½ nksuksa dh e`R;q blh ds 'kkludky esa gqbZA
• blus ofTt la?k vkSj eYy la?k ij vkØe.k djds ex/k esa feyk;kA
• 483 B.C esa blus izFke ckS) egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu djok;k FkkA
• vtkr'k=q us gh nks u;s gfFk;kjksa dk bLrseky djus dh 'kq:vkr dhA

1- jFk ewly
2- egkf'kyk daVd
ILL
• bldh gR;k Hkh blds iq= }kjk nh xbZ tks ex/k dk vyx 'kkld cukA
mnkf;u~&
• blus xaxk vkSj lksu unh ds laxe ij ,d 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dh ftudks ikfVyhiq= ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA
W
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks jktxzg ls ikVfyiq= LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
& vfu:)
& ukxn'kd & ¼egkekR;½ f'k'kqukx us bldh gR;k dj nhA
f'k'kqukx oa'k
ER
• f'k'kqukx oa'k dk laLFkkid f'k'kqukx FkkA
• blus vofUr ij vkØe.k djds iz|ksr oa'k dk var fd;k vkSj vofUr dks ex/k lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh ikVfyiq= ls oS'kkyh LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= dkyk'kksd gqvkA
RE
• 383 B.C esa blus 2nd ckS) egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu djok;kA
• vkSj jkt/kkuh dks iqu% oS'kkyh ls ikVfyiq= ys x;kA

• bl oa'k dk vfUre 'kkld uafno/kZu & ¼bldh gR;k blds lfpo ds }kjk dh xbZ½ gqvkA
uanoa'k & 344 B.C – 323 B.C
CA
• bldk laLFkkid egkin~e uan FkkA

• bl oa'k dk vfUre ,ao egku 'kkld bldk 8oka iq= FkkA ftldk uke ?kukuan FkkA
• 326 B.C esa fldUnj dk vkØe.kA
• ?kukuan dh gR;k pk.kD; dh enn ls panzxqIr ekS;Z us dh FkhA ftlus ex/k ds lcls cM+s jktoa'k dh
LFkkiuk dhA
Hkkjr esa fons'kh vkØe.k
• ijfl;k@bZjkuh vkØe.k &
• v'okefu oa'k & laLFkkid lkbjl FkkA
Lkbjl & India Sub Continent esa igyk FkkA
Msfj;l & lcls igyk lQy vkØe.k fd;k Fkk ;k nkjk izFke & 518 B.C esa nks LrEHkksa ls ;g
tkudkjh feyh gS&
ILL
1- osfgLrwu vfHkys[k] 2- jLds:Lre vfHkys[k
Qk;ns%&
1- bl vkØe.k ds ckn Hkkjr esa vkSj bZjku ds chp O;kikj dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
2- Hkkjr esa ?kjksV fyfi dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
W
3- vkjes[k fyfi
• Msfj;l izFke ls izHkkfor gksdj gh v'kksd us vfHkys[k fy[kokus dh 'kq:vkr dhA
bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld nkjk r`rh; FkkA
nwljk fons'kh vkØe.k
ER
;wukuh vkØe.k
• ednwfu;k dk 'kkld fQfyi FkkA
• fldUnj fQfyi dk gh iq= FkkA 29 o"kZ dh vk;q esa iwjs fo'o dks thrk vkSj fo'o fotsrk dgyk;kA
• Hkkjr esa izos'k djus ds fy, blus rhljh 'krkCnh B.C esa blus lEiw.kZ bZjku dk fouk'k fd;k vkSj
RE
nkjk r`rh; dks gjkdj v'okefu oa'k dk var fd;kA

• r{kf'kyk esa vkEch uked 'kkld us fldUnj ds lkeus vkReleiZu fd;kA
• 326 B.C esa forLrk ;k gkbMsLiht dk ;q) yx x;kA
& fldUnj o iksjl ds eè;
CA
& fldUnj us iksjl dks ijkftr fd;kA

• fldUnj us Hkkjr esa nks 'kgjksa dh LFkkiuk dhA
1- fot;uxj ¼fudbZ;k½
2- cqdkfQyk
• 325 B.C esa rcf;r [kjkc gksus ls ;g Hkkjr ls ykSV x;kA cschyksu esa gh 323 B.C esa 33 o"kZ dh
mez esa bldh e`R;q gks x;h FkhA
ekS;Z oa'k
iqjkrkfRod L=ksr
1. v'kksd ds vfHkys[k & ;g Hkkjr ds lcls iqjkus vfHkys[k gS ftUgsa [kjks"Bh ,oa czãh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk
x;k FkkA
• 1837 bZ- esa James Prinsep us lcls igys i<+k FkkA
ILL
v'kksd ds pkSng f'kykys[k
igyk f'kykys[k & lEiw.kZ iztk esjh larku ds leku gSA Ik'kqcfy ij izfrca/k o oU; tho
laj{k.k
nwljk f'kykys[k & tUrk ds fy, dY;kdkjjh dk;ZØe ekuo ,oa Ik'kq fpfdRlk dk mYys[k
W
rhljk f'kykys[k & czã.kksa dks lek;ku ,oa egkekR;ks dh fu;qfDr
ikapok f'kykys[k & /kekZRFkks dh fu;qfDr
lkarok f'kykys[k & ;s v'kksd dk lcls yEck f'kykys[k FkkA efLr"d ,oa vkRek ij fu;a=.k
X;kjgoka f'kykys[k & v'kksd ds /keZ fot;ks dk o.kZu
ER
Rksjoka f'kykys[k & dfyax ;q) dk o.kZu
pkSngoka f'kykys[k & /kkfeZd thou thus dh izsj.kk
v'kksd ds 7 LrEHk ys[k
1- Vksijk LrEHk & ;s vEckyk ls izkIr gqvk vkSj orZeku esa fQjkst'kkg fnYyh esa gSA
RE
2- esjB LrEHk & ;g esjB ls izkIr gqvk vkSj orZeku esa fnYyh esa gSA
3- bykgkckn LrEHk & ;s dkS'kkach ls izkIr gqvk vkSj orZeku esa bykgkckn ;s rhu 'kkldksa ls lacaf/kr gS&
1- v'kksd] 2- leqnzxqIr] 3- tgkaxhj
4- lk¡ph Lrwi & ;g vc u"V gks pqdk gSA
CA
5- lkjukFk Lrwi & blh LrEHk ls gekjk jk"Vªh; fpUg fy;k x;k gSA
6- ykSfj;kuanx<+ LrEHk & ;s fcgkj ds pEikj.k ls izkIr gqvkA
7- jkeiqjok¡ LrEHk & ;g Hkh pEikj.k ls izkIr gqvk orZeku esa jk"Vªifr Hkou esa j[kk x;k gSA
pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (323 B.C – 298 B.C)
• ekS;Z oa'k dk igyk 'kkld FkkA
• ;qukuh 'kkld us bls & lsUMªkd
s ksVl
~ dgk gSA
• pk.kD; dh enn ls ?kukuUn dh gR;k djds 25 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ex/k dk 'kkld cukA
• ;g Hkkjr dk izFke pØofrZ; lezkV FkkA
ILL
• exj Hkkjr dk igyk lezkV & ?kukuan FkkA
• pUnzxqIr ekS;Z us lqn'kZu >hy vkSj fxlkj ioZr (Gujarat ds lkSjk"Vª es)a dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• 305 B.C & lsY;wdl fudsVj dk vkØe.k
pUnzxqIr ekS;Z vkSj lsY;wdl fudsVj ds chp laf/k
W
laf/k& (i) dkcqy] dkU/kkj] gsjkV] tSMksfl;k
(ii) gsysuk ls 'kknh & ¼lsY;wdl ds csVh½
(iii) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z ds njckj esa lsY;wdl fudsVj ds jktnwr esxkLFkfut dks Hkstk x;kA
(iv) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z us lsY;wdl fudsVj dks 500 gkFkh migkj esa fn,A
ER
• 300 AD esa blus ikVyhiq= esa tSu egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu djok;kA ftlesa tSu LosrkEcj vkSj
fnxEcj esa foHkkftr gqvkA
• 300 AD esa gh ;g Hknzckgq ds lkFk Jo.kcsyk pyk x;kA
• 298 AD esa lYys[kuk vkSj lapkjk ds dkj.k pUnzxqIr ekS;Z dh e`R;q gqbZA
RE
Fcanqlkj & 298 B.C – 272 B.C

• bls fla/klsu vkSj vfHkr?kkr Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
• bldh 16 ifRu;k¡ FkhA ftlesa lcls fiz; /kekZ@lqHkanzkxh (Son Ashok) FkhA
• blds 101 iq= FksA
CA
cM+k csVk & lqlhe

• v'kksd us 99 Hkkb;ksa dh gR;k dj nh FkhA
Dsoy frLl dks NksM+dj ¼Jhyadk dk Governor cuk ds Hkstk½
• lqlhe & r{kf'kyk dk
v'kksd & mTtSu dk jkT;iky FkkA
• r{kf'kyk esa dhpd dk fonzkgs
fcanqlkj us igyh ckj lqlhe dks Hkstk
nwljh ckj v'kksd dks Hkstk FkkA
• fcanqlkj ds njckj esa nks fons'kh jktnwr vk;s&
1- Mk;esdl & lhfj;k ls
2- Mk;ksfull & feJ ls vk;k FkkA
ILL
• 272 B.C esa fcanqlkj dh e`R;q gks xbZA
• v'kksd dks jk/kkeqDr dh enn ls vius 99 Hkkb;ks dh gR;k djds ex/k dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
v'kksd 269 B.C – 232 B.C
eLdh vfHkys[k & v'kksd o/kZu
W
xqtZjk vfHkys[k & nsoukefiz; v'kksd jktk ¼nsoukefiz; nLlh½
• viuk izFke fookg egknsoh ¼mTtSu dh jktdqekjh½ ds lkFk fd;kA ftuls bUgsa nks lUrkusa gqbZ &
Mahendra (son) & Sanghmitra daughter.
• blus bUgsa ckS) /keZ dk izpkj djus ds fy, Jhyadk Hkstk FkkA
ER
• v'kksd us nwljk fookg dfyax dh jktdqekjh yk:okdh ls fd;kA
• yk:okdh ls nwljk iq= gqvk ftls dq"kky ds uke ls tkurs gSA
• dq"kky dk iq= rFkk v'kksd dk ikS= n'kjFk FkkA
• 261 B.C esa dfyax dk ;q)
RE
• dfyax ;q) ds le; dfyax dh jkt/kkuh rks'kkyh ¼rkslfy½ FkhA

• bl ;q) dk dkj.k gkFkh izkfIr FkkA
• ml le; dfyax dk 'kkld & uanjkt FkkA
Bl ckr dh tkudkjh gesa gkFkhxqQk vfHkys[k ls izkIr gqbZA
CA
& bls [kkjosy us fy[kok;k FkkA

& ;s psnh oa'k dk lcls egku jktk FkkA
• dfyax ;q) ds ckn v'kksd us ckS) /keZ viuk;kA
• ckS) /keZ dh f'k{kk & eksXxfyiqÙkfrLe ;k mixqIr us nh FkhA
• vius 'kkludky ds 10osa o"kZ v'kksd us cks/kx;k dh ;k=k dh vkSj 'kkludky ds 20osa o"kZ ;g yqfEcuh
x;k vkSj yqfEcfu dks dj eqDr dj fn;kA
• ftldk mYys[k :eunsbZ vfHkys[k ls feyrk gSA
• v'kksd us forLrk ;k >sye unh ds fdukjs Jhuxj uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dhA
• blus vius 'kkludky esa Ik'kqcfy dks fu"ks/k fd;k FkkA
• vkSj Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; m|kuksa dk fuekZ.k djkus okyk ;g izFke 'kkld FkkA
vius 'kkludky esa v'kksd esa lk¡ph Lrwi (M.P India's biggest World's biggest –
ILL
•
Barobudur Stupa, Java (Indore) rFkk /kkfeZd Lrwi (Sarnath)
• 251 B.C esa v'kksd us rhljh ckS) egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu ikVfyiq= esa djok;k FkkA ftlesa blus
ckS) /keZ esa rhljk ihVd & ¼vfHk/kEe ihVd½ tksM+k FkkA
• vius thou ds vafre le; esa v'kksd us cjkcj dh xqQk,¡ vkthodksa dks nku esa nh FkhA
W
'kSo /keZ & ckS) /keZ & vkthod] lkEiznk;
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= dq"kky vkSj fQj ikS= n'kjFk gq,A
• ekS;Z oa'k dk vafre c`gnzFk ¼lsukifr & iq";fe= 'kqax½ FkkA
ekS;ksZÙkj dky
ER
Shung Dynesty & 'kqax oa'k & 185 B.C – 72 B.C
• bls Hkkjr dk izFke czã.k oa'k ekuk tkrk gSA

Founder – iq";fe= 'kqax
• bls Hkkjr esa ckS) /keZ dk fouk'kd dgk tkrk gS D;ksfa d

RE
• blus v'kksd }kjk fufeZr 84000 Lrwiks dks /koLr ¼u"V½ djok;k FkkA
• laLÑr Hkk"kk dk lokZf/kd fodkl blh ds 'kkludky esa gqvk FkkA
• blus nks v'oes?k ;Kks dk vk;kstu djok;k tks iratfy & ¼egkHkk"; dh jpuk o laLÑr O;kdj.k &
;ksx dh 'kq:vkr dh FkhA½ ds }kjk fd;s x;sA
CA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh fofn'kk (M.P) dks cuk;k FkkA

• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= vfXufe= 'kqax gqvkA
bldh tkudkjh gesa Novel – Malavikagnimitram – (Writen by Kalidas – Written in
Gupta's period) ls feyrh gSA
• blus ckS) /keZ dks Hkh laj{k.k fn;kA blh us lk¡ph ds Lrwi dh ejEej djokbZA
• bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld nsoHkwfr gqvkA
d.o oa'k – 72 B.C – 28 B.C
Founder – oklqnso & iq= & lq'kekZ
vkU/kz lkrokgu oa'k 28 B.C – 3rd Century

Capital – Pratisthan ¼izfr"Bku½ egkjk"Vª
Founder – Simuk ¼fleqd½
ILL
• 1st great ruler of this dynesty – Satkerni I ¼lkrd.khZ izFke½
• 2nd great ruler of this dynesty – Haal ¼gky½ Bock Gathasuptshathi
• bl oa'k dk lcls egku jktk 23osa jktk xkSreh iq= lkrd.khZ FkkA tks ¼106 $ 130½ rd 'kklu
fd;kA
W
• blh us Hkkjr esa f'k'ks ds flDdksa dk pyokus okyk ;g izFke 'kkld FkkA
• blds czkã.kksa dks Hkwfe;k nku esa nsus dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• blh us uke ls igys ekrk dk uke fy[kkus dh izFkk pykbZ FkhA
;s Hkkjr dk rhljk pØorhZ; jktk FkkA
ER
•
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= tks bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld Fkk ftls Vashithiputra
Pulamavi ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• bls izFke vka/kz lezkV dgk tkrk gS D;ksfa d blus nf{k.k esa vkØe.k djds vka/kz {ks= ij vf/kdkj
fd;kA
RE
• bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld Pulamavi III gqvkA

ekS;ksZÙkj dky ds fons'kh vkØe.k
• Indo – Greeks
Origin – Greek & ;wuku
CA
Founder – Demetrius 1 ¼MsesfVªe'k izFke½
Capital – Sakal (Sindh)

Greatest Ruler – Menander & ¼fefyUn½
• ;s bfrgkl dk izFke 'kkld Fkk ftlus Hkkjr esa Lo.kZ flDdksa dk izpyu djok;kA
• blus Hkkjr esa ckS) /keZ viuk;kA
• blus ckS) /keZ dh f'k{kk,¡ ckS) fHk{kq & ukxlsu ls izkIr dh
Book  Milindapanha
Source 
Saka – 'kad oa'k
Origin – Central Asia

• Hkkjr esa budh 5 'kk[kk,¡ FkhA
ILL
1- d'ehj] 2- r{kf'kyk] 3- eFkqjk] 4- mTtSu] 5- nDdu
• bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld :nznkeu (Ujjain) FkkA
& twukx<+ dk vfHkys[k blh us fy[kok;k FkkA laLÑr Hkk"kk dk lcls uHk vfHkys[k FkkA
• Last Ruler – Rudrasena III
bldh gR;k pUnzxqIr II ds }kjk fd x;h ftlus Hkkjr ls 'kad oa'k dk var fd;kA
W
Kushan dq"kk.k
Origin – Western China.

• bl oa'k dk lcls egku jktk dfu"d gqvkA blus 'kd oa'k dk var d'ehj ls fd;k vkSj 78 A.D esa
ER
'kdlaor~ pyok;k FkkA
• vius 'kkludky ds rhljs o"kZ blus d'ehj esa pkSFkh ckS) egklaxhfr dj vk;kstu djok;k FkkA
ftlesa ckS) /keZ ghu;ku vkSj egk;ku esa foHkkftr gqvkA
• ;s bfrgkl dk izFke 'kkld Fkk ftlesa 'kq) lksus ds flDdksa dk izpyu djok;k FkkA
vkSj blus flDdksa ij frfFk;k¡ ,oa 'kkldksa ds uke Niokus dh izFkk 'kq: dh FkhA
RE
Gupta Period 319 A.D – 540 A.D

• xqIr dky dks bfrgkl dk izFke Lo.kZ dky dgk tkrk gSA
iqjkrkfRod L=ksr
1- esgjkSyh fiyj ys[k & pUnzxqIr & II
CA
2- iwuk rkez ys[k & izHkkorh (Daughter pUnzxqIr & II)

3- twukx<+ vfHkys[k & LdUnxqIr
4- bykgkckn fiyj vfHkys[k & leqUnzxqIr
5- ,sj.k vfHkys[k & HkkuqxqIr
6- fcylM+ vfHkys[k & dqekj xqIr
7- Hkhrjh xqQk vfHkys[k & LdUnxqIr
• Hkkjr dk izFke eafnj & n'kkorkj eafnj & nsox<+ >k¡lh esa gS
• vtUrk vkSj ,syksjk dh xqQk,¡ & (Aurangabad M.H)
Cave No. 16, 17, 19 ¼;s xqIrk Period esa cuh gS½
lkfgfR;d L=ksr
1- dkfynkl &
ILL
• vfHkKku 'kkdqUrye~
• esonwre~
• j?kqoa'ke~
• foØeoa'kh;
W
• ekyfodk vfXu fe=e~
• dqekj laHkoe~
• rUrqlagkje~
2- fo'kk[knÙk & eqnzkjk{kl] nsohpUnzxqIre~
ER
3- ojkfefgj & o`grlaghrk] iap fl)kfUrdk
4- ck.kHkV~V & g"kZpfjr] dknEcnh
5- g"kZo/kZu & ukxkuan] jRukoyh] fiz;nf'kZdk
6- dkeUnd & uhfr'kkL=
RE
7- vk;ZHkV~V & lw;Z fl)kUr] vk;ZHkV~fV;e~

8- vej flag & vejdks"k
9- okRLFkkiu & dkelw=
10- fo".kq 'kekZ & iapra=
CA
11- oRlHkV~fV & jko.ko/k

12- /kuoa=h & v.kq fl)kar
13- lksenso & dFkklfjrlkxj
14- ikf.kuh & v'oè;k;h
15- dYg.k & jktrjaxhuh
• bu L=ksrks ds vuqlkj JhxqIrk dks xqIr oa'k dk laLFkkid ekuk tkrk gSA blus egkjktk dh mikf/k
/kkj.k dh FkhA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= ?krks"dPN gqvk vkSj Hkh egkjktk dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
• ysfdu xqIr oa'k dk okLrfod laLFkkid paUnzxqIr&I gqvkA
Chandragupta I – 319 – 540
ILL
• 319 esa blus xqIr laor~ pyok;k FkkA
• blus egkjktkf/kjkt dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
• blus fyPNfo dh jktdqekjh dqekjnsoh ds lkFk fookg fd;kA
• ;s xqIr dky dk izFke 'kkld Fkk tks Silver pk¡nh ds flDds pyok;kA
W
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= leqnzxqIr gqvkA
leqnzxqIr & ¼335 & 375½
• bls Hkkjr dk usiksfy;u bfrgkldkj V.A Smith us dgk FkkA
• blus 12 'kkldks dks nf{k.kiFk esa rFkk 9 'kkldks dks mÙkjkiFk esa ijkftr fd;kA
ER
• vkSj ;g Hkh ,d pØorhZ; lezkV cuk vkSj blus foØekad dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• blus ,d v'oes?k ;K djok;kA
• blus gfj"ks.k dks viuh fot;ks dk o.kZu djus ds fy, bykgkckn LrEHk ys[k ds fy, fu;qDr fd;kA
• leqnzxqIr ,d dfo Fkk vkSj blus dfojkt dh Hkh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
RE
• ;g ,d oh.kkoknd Hkh Fkk vkSj blh ds flDdks ij bls oh.kk oknu djrs gq, fpf=r feyk gSA
• blus ckS) /keZ dks Hkh laj{k.k fn;k D;ksfa d blds njckj esa o'kqca/kq uked ckS) fHkPNqd jgk djrk FkkA
jkexqir ¼375 & 380½
1- L=ksr & ,sj.k vfHkys[k
CA
2- L=ksr & nsohpUnzxqIr

pUnzxqIr – II (380 – 413)
• ;s bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld gqvkA
• ;s Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk izFke 'kkld Fkk ftlus vius njckj esa uojRu j[ks FksA
pUnzxqIr f}rh; ds uojRu
1- vejflag & ;s laLÑr Hkk"kk ,d egku dks"kxkj FkkA
2- /kUoarjhZ & ;s ,d egku dfo FkkA
3- gfj"ks.k & ;s ,d egku dfo FkkA
4- dkfynkl & ;s Hkh ,d egku dfo rFkk ukVddkj FksA
5- {ki.kd & ;s ,d egku T;ksfr"k'kkL=h FkkA
6- 'kadq & ;s ,d egku LFkkiR;dkj FkkA
ILL
7- csrky HkV~V & ;s ,d egku tknwxj FkkA
8- ojkgfefgj & ,d egku [kxksy'kkL=h FkkA
9- oj:fp & ;s ,d laLÑr dk egku fo)ku FkkA
• pUnzxqIr II us :nzlsu III dh gR;k dhA
W
• blds ckn blus foØekfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• 399 AD esa ,d phuh ;k=h Qká;ku Hkkjr vk;k Fkk vkSj og Hkkjr esa 15 o"kZ rd jgkA
• pUnzxqIr f}rh; ds 'kkludky esa gh fgUnq /keZ dk lokZf/kd fodkl gqvkA blesa ije~ Hkkxor~ dh Hkh
mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
ER
dqekjxqIr ¼413 & 454½
• 413 A.D blus ukyank fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA tks fd orZeku Hkkjr dk lcls izkphu
fo'ofo|ky; dgk tkrk gSA
;g ckS) f'k{kk ds fy, izfl) Fkk vkSj ;g egku cks/k dk vkdklQksMZ Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
RE
• dqekjxqIr us egsUnzkfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh Fkh vkSj xqIrdky ds lokZf/kd vfHkys[k dqekjxqIr ds gh
FksA
• nwljk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= LdUnxqIr ¼454 & 467½ gqvkA bls bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld
dgk tkrk gSA
CA
• blus fxjukj ioZr ij lqnZ'ku >hy dh nqckjk ejEer djokbZ vkSj blds fy, blus pØikfyr –
Son of – (Govr. Of Gurjrat Parnadatta) dks fu;qDr fd;k FkkA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa gq.kks dk izFke & Torman (Torman dks LdUnxqIr us ijkftr fd;k) –
,gksy vfHkys[k ls ;g tkudkjh feyh gSA
,gksy vfHkys[k & Ruler of that time who written the – Pulkasin II (Chalukya
dynasty who written the)
Last Ruler – Vishnugupta – ¼dqekjxqIr – II½
Harshavardhan g"kZo/kZu & (606 – 647)
• bls Hkkjr dk vafre fgUnq 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA

• ;g iq";Hkwfr ¼o/kZu oa'k½ oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld FkkA
bl oa'k dh jkt/kkuh Fkk.ks'oj ¼gfj;k.kk½ Fkh vkSj budh nwljh jkt/kkuh dUukSt FkhA
ILL
•
• blds firk dk uke izHkkdj o/kZu vkSj ekrk ;'kkserh FkhA

• blds cM+s HkkbZ dk uke jkto/kZu vkSj cgu jkT;Jh FkhA
• 606 A.D g"kZ laor~ pyok;kA
• 629 A.D esa izfl) phuh ;k=h g~ou

s lkax Hkkjr vk;k vkSj ;g 16 o"kZ rd Hkkjr esa jgkA
W
• blus ukya;k ls ckS) f'k{kk izkIr dhA
• blus izfl) iqLrd Si yu ki fy[khA
• Hkkjr esa viuh ;k=k ds nkSjku blus xqtjkr ds y[kir vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr ds dk¡phiqje~ dh Hkh
;k=k dhA
ER
• g"kZo/kZu dk njckjh dfo & ck.kHkV~V & Books & g"kZpfj=] dknEcjh
• g"kZo/kZu us uknkuan] jRukoyh] fiz;nf'kZdk fy[kh FkhA
• 647 A.D esa bldh e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA
iwoZ eè;dkfyu Hkkjr
RE
xqtZj&izfrgkj oa'k
• bl oa'k dk lcls igyk mYys[k iqYdsf'ku&II ds ,sgksy vfHkys[k ls feyk gSA
• bl oa'k dk laLFkkid gfjpUnz FkkA
ysfdu bldk okLrfod laLFkkid ukxHkV~V&I gqvkA
CA
• blus gq.kksa dk vUr Hkkjr ls fd;kA

• Xokfy;j vfHkys[k ¼laLÑr½ esa bldh rqyuk :nz ls dh xbZ gSA
• bl oa'k dk igyk egku 'kkld oRljkt gqvkA
• blus caxky ds iky oa'k ds 'kkld /keZiky dks ijkftr fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= ukxHkV~V gqvkA
• exj bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld fefgj Hkkst ¼836 & 885½ FkkA
• blus vkfnojgk vkSj izHkkl dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• ;g oS".ko /keZ dk vuq;k;h FkkA
• bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld efgiky gqvkA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa cxnkn dk izfl) ;k=h vyelwnh Hkkjr vk;kA
;g Ñ".kk&III ls ijkftr gqvk tks fd jk"VªdwV oa'k dk 'kkld FkkA
ILL
•
• bl oa'k dk vafre ;'kiky FkkA

• 1836 bZ- esa bl oa'k x<+oky 'kkldks us fd;kA
Xk<+oky oa'k
• bldh jkt/kkuh dUukSt FkhA
W
• bldk laLFkkid pUnznso uked 'kkld us dhA
• blds 'kkludky esa blus rksej 'kkldks dks ijkftr fd;k ftUgksua s blds lkeus vkReleZi.k fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= enuiky FkkA
bl oa'k dk igyk egku'kkld xksfoUn pUnz gqvk vkSj blus foHkk fopkj ok;Lifr dh mikf/k /kkj.k
ER
•
dhA
• bl oa'k dk vafre ,oa lcls yksdfiz; 'kkld t;pUnz gqvkA
• 1194 esa ;g eksgEen xkSjh ls pUnkoj ds ;q) esa ijkftr gqvk vkSj xkSjh us bldh gR;k dj nhA
pkSgku oa'k
RE
• Capital – Shakambari (Near Ajmer)

Founder – oklqnso
• mÙkjkf/kdkjh & flgajkt & Title – egkjkuk f/kjkt

• bl oa'k dk izFke egku 'kkld i`Fohjkt u gqvkA
CA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= vt;jkt ¼blus Shakambari ds fudV vtesj uked 'kgj dh
LFkkiuk dhA½ gqvkA
• bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld i`Fohjkt ¼1178 & 1192½ gqvkA
• 1191 esa blus rjkbZu ds izFke ;q) esa eksgEen xkSjh dks ijkftr fd;kA exj vxys gh o"kZ rjkbZu ds
f}rh; ;q) 1192 esa eksgEen xkSjh us bls ijkftr dj bldh gR;k dhA
pany oa'k
Capital – Khajuraho
Founder – uquqd
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ;'kksoeZu gqvkA

• ;'kksoeZu us [ktqjkgks ds izfl) fo".kq eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld /kax gqvkA
ILL
•
• blus t;iky & is'kkoj dh enn egewn xtuoh ds lkFk ;q) esa dhA
• vius 'kkludky esa blus ftUuukFk eafnj] fo'oukFk eafnj o cStukFk eafnj dk [ktqjkgks esa fuekZ.k
djok;kA
• bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld ijey gqvkA tks fd dqrqcqíhu ,scd ls ijkftr gqvkA ftlus pUnsy oa'k
W
dk vUr fd;kA
ijekj oa'k
Capital – ekyok
Founder – lhed@Jhg"kZ
ER
• bldh igyh jkt/kkuh mTtSu FkhA mlds ckn blus /kkjk dks viuh nwljh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA
• bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld Hkkst gqvkA ;s laLÑr dk egku fo)ku ,oa dfo FkkA
• blus dfojkt dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
• vius 'kkludky esa blus Hkkstiqj uxj uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj ogh ij blus Hkkst'kkyk
RE
fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA

• 1305 A.D esa bl oa'k dk var vykmíhu f[kyth ds }kjk fd;k x;kA
pkyqD; oa'k
Capital – vfUgyokM+ ¼xqtjkr½
CA
Founder – ewyjkt& I ;k Hkhe & I
• blds 'kkludky esa egewn xtuoh us xqtjkr ds lkseukFk eafnj ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• blus lkseukFk eafnj dk iRFkjks ls iqu% fuekZ.k djok;kA
• bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld ewyjkt&II ;k Hkhe&II FkkA
• 1178 A.D esa blus ekmaV vkcw esa eksgEen xkSjh dks ijkftr dj mls dSn fd;kA
• 1195 A.D esa bl oa'k dk var dqrqcíhu ,scd ds }kjk fd;k x;kA
Caxky dk iky oa'k
• 8oha 'krkCnh esa bl oa'k dh LFkkiuk xksiky uked 'kkld ds }kjk dh xbZA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= /keZiky gqvkA
blus foØef'kyk fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA
bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld efgiky gqvkA
ILL
•
• ;g nf{k.k Hkkjrh; 'kkld jktsUnz pksy ls ijkftr gqvkA

• Last Ruler – Rampal
• bl oa'k dk vUr cf[r;kj f[kyth us fd;kA
Ckaxky dk lsu oa'k
W
Founder – lkear lsu
1st Great Ruler – fot;lsu
• vius 'kkludky esa blus nks 'kgj clk;sA

1- fot;iqj] 2- foØeiqj
ER
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= HkYyky lsu FkkA
• Greatest Ruler – Laxman Sen
• blus y{e.korh uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dhA
Title – ije~Hkkxor~
RE
• 1202 A.D esa bl oa'k dk var Hkh eksgEen fcu cf[r;kj f[kyth us fd;kA
fgUnq 'kkgh oa'k
Founder – t;iky
Capital – is'kkoj
CA
• 1001 A.D esa ;g egewn xtuoh ls ijkftr gqvk vkSj blus vkRegR;k dj yhA
• vkSj ;g Hkh egewn xtuoh ls nks ckj ijkftr gqvkA

South India
jk"VªdwV oa'k
• ;g oa'k izfrgkj oa'k o iky oa'k ds ledkyhu FkkA
• 8oha 'krkCnh esa bl oa'k dh LFkkiuk narhoeZu ;k narhnqxkZ uked 'kkld us dh FkhA
• blus [kqn dks nf{k.k ds pkyqD;ksa ls Lora= fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh Ñ".k-I gqvkA
• blus pkyqD; oa'k ¼nf{k.k½ dk var fd;kA
blus ,yksjk dh xqQkvksa esa izfl) dSyk'k eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
ILL
•
• bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld Ñ".k&II gqvkA

• blus dkaph vksj ratkSj ij vkØe.k djds jk"VªdwV oa'k esa feyk;kA
• blus jkes'oj ij vkØe.k djds dhfrZ LrEHk dh LFkkiuk dhA
• Last Ruler – ddZ&II
W
okdkVd oa'k
Founder – foaè;'kfDr
1st Great Ruler – izcy lsu&I

ER
Title – Samrat & Praveer
• blus 4 v'oes?k ;Kksa dk vk;kstu djok;kA
Greatest Ruler – Rudrasen – II
• blus pUnzxqIr&II dh iq=h izHkkorh ds lkFk fookg fd;kA
ftldk mYys[k iwuk rkez vfHkys[k esa feyrk gSA
RE
•
Cknkeh dk pkyqD; oa'k
Founder – Rulkesin-I
bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= dhfrZoeZu&I gqvkA
The greatest Ruler – Pulkesin – II
CA
Title – ijes'oj
• blus g"kZo/kZu dks ueZnk unh ds fdukjs ijkftr fd;kA

• ftldk mYys[k ,gksy vfHkys[k esa feyk gSA
• Pulkesin-II dks ujflag oeZu–I }kjk ijkftr fd;k tks iYyo oa'k dk 'kkld FkkA
Last Ruler – oeZu fo".kq
iYyo oa'k
Founder – Singh Vishnu
• blus ekeEYyiqje~ ds ojkg eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh egsunz oeZu&I gqvkA ftls bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ujflag oeZu&I gqvkA blh us vius 'kkludky esa egkcfyiqje~ fufUnjks
(Fomous – Rath Temple) dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
ILL
• izfl) phuh ;k=h ásu lkax us blh ds 'kkludky esa dkaph dh ;k=k dhA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ujflag oeZu&II gqvkA
• blus dkaph esa dSyk'kukFk eafnj vkSj egkcfyiqje~ ds lkjs eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
Last Great Ruler – Nandi Verman-II
W
• blus dkaph ds Hkqous'oj eafnj vkSj cSdq.M is:ey eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
Last Ruler – ijes'oj oeZu
pksy oa'k
• 9oha 'krkCnh esa pksy oa'k dh LFkkiuk fot;ky; }kjk dhA
ER
• blus ratkSj ij vkØe.k djds pksy oa'k esa feyk;kA
Title – uj ds'kjh
• igys ;s iYyoks ds njckj esa lkear ¼ea=h½ gqvk djrk FkkA

• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh vkfnR;& I gqvkA
RE
• blus [kqn dks iYyoksa ls Lora= ?kksf"kr fd;kA

Title – dksn.Mjke
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh jkt&jkt&I gqvkA

• blds 'kkludky esa blus Jhyadk ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj egsUnzk&5 dks ijkftr fd;kA
CA
• vkSj blds ckn Jhyadk esa ,d f'ko eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA

• blus ratkSj esa jkt jkts'oj eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh jktsUnz&I gqvkA
• vius 'kkludky ds 5osa o"kZ blus Jhyadk ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj efgUnk&(v) dks dSn fd;kA
• vkSj 12 o"kks± ds ckn efgUnk&V dks e`R;q naM ns fn;k x;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh jktkf/kjkt&I gqvkA
Last great Ruler – foØepksy gqvkA
Last Ruler – jktsUnz&III
fot;uxj lkezkT; (Vijaynagar Empire)

• fot;uxj lkezkT; dh 'kq:vkr rqxyd oa'k ds lqYrku eksgEen fcu rqxyd ds ledkyhu gqbZA
bl lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk nks Hkkb;ksa us ftuds uke gfjgj ,oa cqDdk FksA ¼1336 esa½
ILL
•
• fot;uxj lkezkT; dh pkj jkt/kkfu;k¡ gqbZA

1- vusxks.Mh] 2- fot;uxj ¼gEih½] 3- csuqxks.Mk] 4- pUnzfxfj
laxe oa'k & ¼1336 & 1485½
Founder – Hariher-I
W
Capital – vusxks.Mh
• 1346 esa blus gks;ly ij vkØe.k dj mls fot;uxj lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• 1352 esa blus enqjbZ dks vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk NksVk HkkbZ cqDdk&I gqvkA
ER
•
• 1374 esa bls vius jktnwrks dks phu HkstkA

• blus cgeuh lkezkT; ds 'kkld eksgEen 'kkg ij vkØe.k fd;kA ftlesa bldh ijkt; gqbZA
• blds 'kkludky esa Ñ".kk unh dks fot;uxj vkSj cgeuh lkezkT; dh lhek ekuk tkrk gSA
bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= gfjgj&II gqvkA blus egkjktkf/kjkt dh mikf/k xzg.k dhA
RE
• blus eSlwj] f=pukiYyh vkSj dkaph dks vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA blus Jhyadk ij Hkh vkØe.k fd;k
vkSj ogk¡ ls jktLo olwykA
• blus cgeuh lkezkT; ds 'kkld fQjkst'kkg ij vkØe.k fd;k ftlesa bls mlls ijkt; feyhA
• blus csyxk¡o o xksok dks Hkh vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
CA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= nsojk;& I gqvkA

• ;g Hkh cgeuh lkezkT; ds fQjkst'kkg ls ijkftr gqvkA
• vkSj fQjkst'kkg us bldh iq=h ds lkFk fookg fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= nsojk;& II gqvkA
Title – Immadi Devrai ¼bEekfn nsojk;½
• bldh rqyuk :nznso ls dh xbZ gSA
• blus xtcsVdj dh Hkh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• blds 'kkludky esa gh izfl) Qkjlh ;k=h vCnqj jTtkd Hkkjr vk;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= efYydk vtqZu gqvkA
• blds 'kkludky esa izfl) phuh ;k=h egqvku Hkkjr vk;kA
Last Ruler – fo:i{k&II
ILL
Saluva Dynesty lkyqo oa'k
• fo:ik{k&II ds gh lkeUr ujflag lkyqo us bldh gR;k djds fot;uxj lkezkT; esa lkyqo oa'k dh
LFkkiuk dhA
• blus viuk iz/kkuea=h ujlk uked dks fu;qDr fd;kA
W
• ujlkuk;d us ujflag lkyqo dh gR;k djds fot;uxj lkezkT; dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
Last Ruler – Immadi Narsingh
• ;g vius gh iz/kkuea=h ohj ujflag ds }kjk ekjk x;kA
• ftlus fot;uxj lkezkT; esa ,d u;s lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dhA
ER
rqyqo oa'k
Founder – Veer Narsingh
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk NksVk HkkbZ Ñ".knso jk; gqvkA
blh dks fot;uxj lkezkT; dk lcls egku 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA
RE
Ñ".knso jk; ¼1509 & 1529½

• 1513 A.D esa blus mn;fxfj ij vkØe.k djds mls fot;uxj lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• 1520 A.D esa blus ohtkiqj dks vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• 1510 A.D esa iqrZxkyh xouZj vYQklksa&Mh&vYcqdZd us Saint Louis dks njckj esa HkstkA
CA
• Ñ".knso jk; ds njckj esa 8 egku dfo gqvk djrs Fks vkSj muds lewg dks fot;uxj lkezkT; dk
v"B fnXxt dgk tkrk gSA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks fot;uxj ls ukaXyk Qj LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• ;g eqxy ckn'kkg ckcj ds ledkyhu Fkk vkSj ckcj us bls viuh vkRedFkk esa Hkkjr dk lcls
'kfDr'kkyh 'kkld crk;k gSA
• blus gtkjk eafnj vkSj fo.My nso eafnj dk fuekZ.k fot;uxj lkezkT; esa djok;k FkkA
• ;s oS".ko /keZ dk vuq;k;h FkkA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= vPpq;r nsojk; gqvkA bls bl oa'k dk vafre egku'kkld dgk tkrk
gSA
Title – egke.Mys'oj
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh lnkf'o uke dk 'kkld gqvkA tks bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld FkkA
ILL
• blds 'kkludky esa 1565 A.D esa rkyhdksVk dk izfl) ;q) fot;uxj lkezkT; vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr ds
fofHkUu eqfLye 'kkldksa ds eè; yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eqfLye 'kkldks us fot;uxj lkezkT; dks u"V fd;kA
vkjohMq oa'k
W
Founder – fr:eky
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks osuqxks.Mk LFkkukarfjr fd;kA

• bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld osdsaV&II gqvkA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks pUnzfxfj LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
ER
• Last Ruler of this dynasty and also of Vijaynagar Empire was – Sri Rang-III
RE
CA

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Ancient History izkphu Hkkjr

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Stone Age ik"kk.k ;qx

• blh dky esa euq"; us vkx dk vfo"dkj fd;kA

Belan River Valley.

• bl dky esa euq"; us Ik'kqikyu dh 'kq:vkr dhA

3. Nealethic Period – uo ik"kk.k dky & (400 B.C – 2500 B.C)

• bl dky esa euq"; us Ñf"k dh 'kq:vkr dhA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Indus-Valley Civilisation – 2500 BC – 1700 BC

• ;g lH;rk ,d 'kgjh lH;rk FkhA bldk vkdkj f=Hkqth; FkkA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

By Abhishek Suman Sir

1. Harappa (Pakistan Mantgomai) 1921 Ravi Daya Ram

3. Sutkagandor (Balochistan Pak) 1927 Dashka R.L. Styme

4. Chandhudaro (Sindh Pak) 1931 Indus M.G.

5. Rangpur (Ahmedabad, Gujarat) 1953 Sabermati M.S vatsya

7. Lothal (Gujarat) 1955 Bhogwa S.R. Rao

9. Alamgirpur (Meerut U.P) 1958 Hindan V.D. Sharma

10. Banawali (Haryana) 1973 Saraswati R.S Bisht

11. Dhoulavira (Gujarat) 1990 Bhogwa R.S. Bisht

12. Rakhigarhi (Haryana) 1990 Saraswati Ratiq Maghal

• Indus Valley Civilization ds lokZf/kd LFky xqtjkr esa gSA

• gM+Iik ls feyus okyh lcls cM+h bekjr ,d 12 d{kks dk vUukxkj FkkA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

• pwfM+;ksa ,oa fyfifLVd ds lk{; Hkh feys gSaA

• ;g bl lH;rk dk canjxkg Fkk vkSj bl lH;rk dh okf.kfT;d jkt/kkuh Hkh FkkA

• Qkjl dh eqnzk Hkh feyh gSA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

_Xosn Rigveda (1500 – B.C – 1000 B.C)

By Abhishek Suman Sir

By Abhishek Suman Sir

9- psanh & lErherh

13- oRl; & dkS'kkEch

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Known as – Light of Asia

• blds ckn bUgksaus ckS) la?k dh LFkkiuk lkjukFk esa dhA

Minimum age to join – 15 years

By Abhishek Suman Sir

izFke ckS) egk laxhfr & 483

Chairmen – Sabakmir/ Sanvakamini

rhljh ckS) egklaxhfr & 251 B.C

Work – ckS) /keZ esa rhljk fiVd tksM+k x;kA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

23rd & ik'oZukFk &

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Birth – 540 B.C dq.Mxzke oS'kkyh

cpiu dk uke o)Zeku

iRuh & Yashoda

iq=h & Priyadarshra/Anojja

nkekn & Jamali

• 30 o"kZ dh vk;q esa o)Zeku us viuk xzg R;kx fn;kA

• 468 B.C esa egkohj Lokeh dh e`R;q ikokiqnh esa gqbZA

300 B.C ex/k] LFkwyHknz] LosrkEcj] Hknzckgw] fnxEcj

1st tSu egklaxhfr

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Place – oYyHkh xqtjkr

Chairman – nso/khZ {kek{ke.k

• bldh LFkkiuk fcfEclkj us dh FkhA ;g xkSre cq) ds ledkyhu FkkA