Reference Books

01. A Text Book of Higher English Grammar,

10. Cliffs TOEFL
Composition & Translation- P. K. De Sarker

02. Applied English Grammar & Composition- P.C. Das 11. Barron's TOEFL

12. High School English Grammar & Composition-

03. A Passage to The English Language- S.M. Zakir Hossain
Wren & Martin

04. Learning English The Easy Way- Sadruddin Ahmed 13. Oxford Guide to English Grammar by John Eastwood

05. English Grammar in Use- Raymon Murphy 14. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (10th Edition)

06. Intermediate English Grammar- Raymon Murphy 15. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

07. Practical English Usage- Michael Swan 16. LONGMAN- CIIL: English-English -Bangla Dictionary

08. Oxford Practice Grammar- John Eastwood 17. Bangla Academy : English Bangla Dictionary
09. Common Mistakes in English by T.J. Fitikides 18. The Daily Star
 Right Forms of verb 01 04 Causative Verb

Negative Agreement 02 05 Subjunctive

Affirmative Agreement 03 06 Modal Auxiliaries

E-10
E-02
Conditional 07 10 Prefix Suffix

Completing Sentence 08 11 Appropriate Preposition

Voice Change 09 12 Vocabulary

 POLL QUESTION-01

One of my friends who present the work smartly.

(a) is, does
(b) are, does
(c) is, do
(d) are, do
 Right Forms of verb

 এক বা একাধিক Singular subject এর পূ র্বে ধিম্নধিধিত determiners গুর্িা থাকর্ি verb সািারণত
singular হয়।

Each, either, neither, one, none, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody,
something, everyone, everybody, everything

Choose the best answer choice:

✓ Each class has 30 male and 30 female students.
✓ Nobody likes a liar.
✓ Something is better than nothing.

✓ One of the baskets full of rotten apples was thrown away.

 POLL QUESTION-02

I had two eggs for breakfast and of them was fresh.

(a) both
(b) either
(c) neither
(d) all
White Board
 Agreement with Compound Subject

with
along with
Neither…… nor
together with
Either…… or
as well as
and
Not only ……. but also and not
in addition to
Not ………. but
including to
accompanied by
 POLL QUESTION-03
You ___________________ guilty for the failure.
(a) and not me are
(b) and not I are
(c) and not me am
(d) and not I am
 Practice

Choose the best answer choice:

1. Not only Shawleen but also her brothers ⎯⎯⎯ money to buy goods
for tomorrow’s field trip.
(a) need (b) needs
(c) is needing (d) has need

2. Neither the toll nor the misery of people ⎯⎯⎯ no bound.

(a) know (b) knows
(c) both a & b (d) none of these
 Practice

✓ His dog, as well as his cat and goldfish, (prevent) him from taking long trips.
✓ Sunlight along with rains and snow (help) plants to grow.
✓ Cliffs TOEFL together with some books (be) helpful for learning grammar.

⚫ Mim, accompanied by her rabbits, ⎯⎯ the beauty of rainbow after the rain.
(a) see
(b) admires
(c) both a & b
(d) none of these
 POLL QUESTION-04

The number of _______________ detected by the authority finally.

(a) crisis was
(b) crises were
(c) crisis were
(d) crises was
 A /The (Number of……)

 A number of এর পর plural noun এবং Verb plural form এ হর্ব এবং The number of
এর পর plural Noun হর্িও Verb singular form এ হর্ব। অথোৎ-

A number of/ A variety of .............. plural

The number of/ The variety of .............. singular

✓ A variety of colors needed to make a picture colorful

✓ The variety of fishes found in Dhaka
✓ A number of teachers been very helpful to the students
✓ The number of flood affected people increased recently
 POLL QUESTION-05

Read the following sentences from i to iii

(i) Maldives is a beautiful tourist spot.
(ii) His whereabout is unknown to me.
(iii) Statistics show that about 1.5 million people are effected by corona in Bangladesh.

Which of the following is correct?

(a) i & iii (b) ii & iii (c) none of these (d) all of these
 Special

 Money, distance, time এর আর্ে যেই একক ই বসু ক িা যকি Verb Singular হর্ব
50 kilometers is a long way
10 thousand Taka is not enough

 Statistics, Physics, Mathematics এসব শব্দ যেির্ত Plural হর্িও Singular

Mathematics is my favorite subject

 যের্শর িার্ের আর্ে সািারণত Article বর্স িা। তর্ব বযধতক্রে ও আর্ে
The USA got independence from Britain
Bangladesh is a beautiful country
 Affirmative Agreement
When indicating that one person or thing does something and then adding that another does the same, use the
word so or too. To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the conjunction
and, followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on whether so or
too is used.

▪ I am happy, and you are too.

▪ I am happy, so are you.
01. “I am a student.” The correct response may be –––––––––.
(a) ‘Neither am I’ (b) ‘Me either’
(c) ‘So am I’ (d) ‘It's my pleasure’
02. She was very exhausted and –––––––––.
(a) the other were so (b) the others
(c) were also were (d) so were the others
 Practice

01. My friends believes that research is a group of effort and do I.

(a) so (b) as
(c) no one (d) not any one

02.You like chocolate .

(a) and me too (b) and I too
(c) and I also (d) and so do I
 Negative Agreement
Either and neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either
and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did
apply.

▪ She is not in agreement, and I'm not either.

▪ She is not in agreement, and neither am I.

01. "You don't like milk.” The correct response is —

(a) "Nor I too" (b) "I like chocolate“ (c) "Neither do I" (d) "Why aren't you?"

02. "She doesn't take tea.” The correct response is —

(a) "Nor I too" (b) "I like chocolate" (c) "Neither do I" (d) "Why aren't you?"
 POLL QUESTION-06

She had her hair ________________.

(a) to cut
(b) cut
(c) cuts
(d) cutting
 Rules of Causative at a Glance

▪ let / make/ help + ব্যক্তি /ব্স্তু+ v1 .........................

▪ get /have + ব্স্তু + v3 .......................

▪ get + ব্যক্তি + to +v1 ..........

▪ have + ব্যক্তি + v1 ...........

 Causative Verb
The causatives are the verbs that are used to indicate that one person causes another person to
do something for the first person. One can cause somebody to do something for him/her by
asking, paying, requesting, or forcing the person.
Causative Verbs:
01. Have
02. Get
03. Make
04. Let
05. Help
This kind of verbs constitutes different structures for their sentences.
 Causative Verb (Have)
Have:
Structure 1:
Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually person) + base form of verb + . . . .
Example:
▪ John had Alex clean the bedroom.
▪ He always has me his work.
▪ Mary will have Alex her homework.
Structure 2:
Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + . . . .
Example:
▪ John had his car washed.
▪ He always has his work .
▪ Mary will have her homework .
 Causative Verb (Get)
Get:
Structure 1:
Subject + get (any tense) + object (usually person) + infinitive + . . . .
Example:
▪ John got Alex to clean the bedroom.
▪ He always gets me to his work.
▪ Mary will get Alex to her homework.
Structure 2:
Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + . . . .
Example:
▪ John got his car washed.
▪ He always gets his work .
▪ Mary will get her homework .
 Causative Verb (Make)
Make:
‘Make’ is stronger than ‘have/get’. It constitutes only one structure as it does not take anything
‘passive’ as its object.

Structure
Subject + make (any tense) + object (always person) + base form of verb + . . .

Example:
▪ Robert made me beat that little child.
▪ He always makes me his work.
▪ Mary will make me her homework.
▪ I made him wash my car.
▪ He makes me laugh whenever I am down.
 Causative Verb (Let)
Let:
‘Let’ means ‘allow/permit’ but the use of ‘let’ in the sentence is different from these words.
Structure:
Subject + let (any tense) + object (always person) + base form of verb +. . .
Example:
▪ Robert let me escape the prison.
▪ Let me go. (Subject ‘you’ is hidden)
▪ The teacher let the students discuss among themselves.
▪ I let him drive my car.
▪ Let’s (let us) laugh and live a happy life.
The verb ‘permit’/’allow’ does not follow this structure. It follows the regular sentence pattern of
English language.
Subject + permit/allow + object + infinitive + . . . .
Example:
▪ John allowed him to drive his car.
▪ He always allows him to do that.
▪ The teacher allowed me to sit for the exams.
 Causative Verb (Help)
Help:
Help is not actually a causative verb either but is generally regarded as a causative verb because
of its grammatical use in a sentence. It has two structures.
Structure 1:
Subject + help (any tense) + object (usually person) + base form of verb +. . .
Example:
▪ Robert helped me escape the prison.
▪ He helps me prepare my presentations.
▪ The teacher had helped the students understand a complex theory.
▪ I helped him learn driving.
▪ It will help you move on.
Structure 2:
Subject + help + object + infinitive + . . . .
Example:
▪ John helped him to lift his car.
▪ He always helps me to find my stuff.
▪ The teacher helped me to understand the topic.
 POLL QUESTION-07

Had I the wings of a bird, ?

(a) could I have flown
(b) I would fly
(c) would I fly
(d) I would have flown
 Conditional

If + present Indefinite Tense Present Indefinite Tense

Zero Conditional
(If + Subject + 𝐯𝟏 +object) (Subject + 𝐯𝟏 +object)

If + present Indefinite Tense

1st Conditional Sub + shall/will/can/may+v1 +obj.
(If + subject + V + object)

If + past Indefinite Tense Sub + would/could/might + v1 + obj.

2nd Conditional
(If+ subject + V2 + object)

If + Past perfect Tense

3rd Conditional Sub + would/could/might + have + V3 +obj.
(If + subject + had + V3 + object)
 White Board

Conditional If েুক্ত Clause স্বািীি Clause

Zero

First

Second

Third
 Practice
Zero Conditional:
01. If you stay too long in the sun, your skin –––––––––––––.
(a) burn (b) burnt (c) burned (d) burns

02. If it is summer, it ––––––––––––– hot.

(a) felt (b) would feel (c) feels (d) will feel

1st Conditional:
01. If you make delay, you ––––––––––––– the train.
(a) would miss (b) should miss (c) shall miss (d) will miss

02. We shall visit her if ––––––––––––– time.

(a) we will have (b) we had (c) we have (d) we don't have
 Practice
2nd Conditional:
01. I would tell you the answer if I ––––––––––––– what it was.
(a) know (b) had known (c) knew (d) have known
02. If we had a boat, we ––––––––––––– the river.
(a) will be crossing (b) will cross
(c) would cross (d) would make cross
3rd Conditional:
01. If he ––––––––––––– a human being, he would not have done this. কর্র ।
(a) is (b) was (c) had been (d) were

02. He ––––––––––––– to see us if he had been able to.

(a) had come (b) cames (c) is coming (d) would have come
Completing Sentence

as if/ as though
after
before
wish/ fancy
unless
until
 POLL QUESTION-08

Which of the following is correct?

(a) I am rising my hand.
(b) She was laying in bed all day yesterday.
(c) He hung the picture on the wall.
(d) I have founded the lost keys.
 POLL QUESTION-09

Read the following sentences from i to iv

(i) He prefers taking coffee than tea.
(ii) She had better not phone you.
(iii) Wouldn’t rather I go there?
(iv) He needs not put himself to the trouble of building a bridge.

Which of the following is correct?

(a) i+iv (b) ii+iii (c) none of these (d) all of these
 Modal Auxiliaries
 What are modal verbs?
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs
which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..."
They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have
a great variety of communicative functions.

• Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

• They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
• They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
• They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness,
obligation, necessity, ability
Modal Auxiliaries
 Semi-MODAL AUXILIARIES

Dare, need, ought to and used to (semi-modal verbs)

Dare, need, ought to and used to are often called semi-modal because in some ways they
are formed like modal verbs and in some ways they are like other main verbs.
Like modal verbs, ought to and used to do not change form for
person. Needn’t and daren’t do not have a third person -s in the present:
It used to be so easy. It ought to be easy now.
She needn’t worry.
John daren’t tell Ruth about the accident.
Like main verbs, the negative form of need, dare and used to is made by using do. But it
can also be made without using do (like modal verbs).
 POLL QUESTION-10
I proposed that the vote _______ a secret ballot.
(a) should be
(b) be
(c) a/b
(d) none of these
 SUBJUNCTIVE
The subjunctive in English is the simple form of the verb when used after certain verbs indicating
that one person wants another person to do something. The word “that” must always appear in
subjunctive sentences. If ‘that’ is omitted, most of the verbs are followed by the infinitive.

We urge that he leave now.

We urge him to leave now.

advise demand prefer require

Verb ask insist propose stipulate
List command move recommend suggest
decree order request urge
subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form].... (any tense)

⚫ The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.

⚫ We proposed that he take a vacation.
⚫ I move that we adjourn until this afternoon.
 SUBJUNCTIVE

advised necessary recommended urgent

Adjective
important obligatory required imperative
List
mandatory proposed suggested

It + be + adjective + that + subject + [verb in simple form]... (any tense)

⚫ It is necessary that he find the books.

⚫ It was urgent that she leave at once.
⚫ It has been suggested that he forget the election.

His father prefers that he ______________ a different university.

(a) to attend (b) attends

(c) Attend (d) attending
 POLL QUESTION-11

Read the following sentences from i to iv

(i) I was charmed with her beauty.
(ii) She was annoyed at him.
(iii) Important informations were contained in the book.
(iv) One should keep ones promise.
Which of the following is correct?
(a) i & ii (b) iii & iv (c) none of these (d) all of these
 Voice Change
01. He decided to sell the house.
Answer:

02. Let it.

Answer:

03. I cannot depend on what you say.

Answer:
 Voice Change
04. She killed herself.
Answer:

05. He ran twenty miles.

Answer:

06. We made him captain.

Answer:
 PREFIX & SUFFIX
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or
word form.
⚫ A prefix is a letter or group of letters that is added at the beginning of a word to change
its meaning.
⚫ A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word.
01. Add a prefix to make a word of opposite meaning; logical, fair, satisfied.
(a) anti, un, over (b) il, un, dis (c) un, anti, il (d) over, un, anti
02. The correct derivative of ‘space’ is-
(a) special (b) spacious (c) spatial (d) special
03. Choose the option where the suffix or prefix has been INCORRECTLY used.
(a) Malpractice (b) Malnutrition (c) Malrendition (d) Maldroit
04. The correct derivative of ‘eat’ is-
(a) eatable (b) eatible (c) edible (d) eatpis
 PREFIX & SUFFIX (Practice)

No Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

01 Breath _____________ Breathing 

02 Friend _____________ Friendly 

06 Awareness _____________ Aware 

04 _____________ _____________ Normal Normally

05 Necessity _____________ Necessary Necessarily

Lecture E-02 Appropriate Preposition

APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION (G - M)

G
Preposition Meaning Example
Glad of ঳ন্তুষ্ট I am glad of your help.
Glance at তাকাননা I glanced at the building.
Glance over চ াখ ফুরাননা I glanced over the paper.
The crowds were waiting to have a glimpse of
Glimpse of এক ঩রক চদখা
the leader.
Glory in গফব ঄নুবফ কযা My parents glory in my success.
Good at দক্ষ Emran is good at cricket.
Grateful to/ for কৃতজ্ঞ I am grateful to him for his kind help.
Grasp at অঁকাড়িনে ধযা He grasped at the shadow and lost the thing.
Greedy of/ after চরাবী A saint is not greedy of/ after riches.
Grieve at/ for/ about/ over দঃখ কযা My parents grieved at/ for/ about my failure.
Grumble at/ about/ over ঄঳নন্তাল প্রকা঱ কযা A coward grumbles at/ about his lot.
Guard from ঩া঴াযা চদো The watch guards our house from thieves.
Guard against ঳তকব থাকা We must guard against our mistakes.
Guess at ঄নুভান কযা Wordsworth failed to guess at the reaper’s song.
Guilty of চদালী. The servant was guilty of theft

H
Preposition Meaning Example
Hanker after রারাড়েত A saint does not hanker after riches.
Hatred of/ for ঘ ৃণা We should not have hatred of/ for anybody.
The sons did not pay heed to their father’s
Heed to ভন ড়দনে চ঱ানা
advice.
Heir of/ to ঈত্তযাড়ধকাযী ফযড়ি Muhsin has no heir of/to his property.
Hesitate at আতস্ততঃ কযা A brave man does not hesitate at anything.
Hinder from ফাঁধা চদো My father hindered me from going to cinema.
Hindrance to ফাঁধা Poverty is hindrance to my success.
Hint at অবা঳ চদো I hinted him at the matter.
Hope of/ for অ঱া A coward has no hope of success in life.
Hopeful of অ঱াফাদী Kanta is hopeful of her success.
Hit upon ভতরফ খাটাননা We hit upon a plan.
Hostile to ড়ফনযাধী The pak armies were hostile to the freedom

1
Lecture E-02 Appropriate Preposition

fighters.
Hunt after/ for ঴নে ঴নে চপযা Don’t hunt after/for wealth.
I
Preposition Meaning Example
Ignorant of ঄জ্ঞ He is ignorant of the murder.
Immersed in ড়নভড়িত One should not be immersed in debts.
Impatient of ঄ধীয The workers are impatient of delay.
Impose upon ধামব কযা The duty was imposed upon me.
Impress with ঄ড়ববূ ত কযা I was impressed with his stern sense of duty.
Incentive to ঈৎ঳া঴ দােক Bonus is incentive to workers.
Include in ঄ন্তবূ বি কযা My name was included in the list.
Inclination to/ for প্রফণতা/ চঝাঁক She has a deep inclination to/ for music.
Incumbent on কতবফয It is incumbent on us to help the poor.
Indebted to ঋণী I am greatly indebted to my teachers.
Students should not be indifferent to their
Indifferent to ঈদা঳ীন
studies.
Indispensable to একান্ত অফ঱যক Sincere workers are indispensible to our country.
Influence over প্রবাফ The old man has no influence over his sons.
The advice of the teacher bore influence on/upon
Influence on /upon প্রবাফ
the students.
Influenced by প্রবাড়ফত I am influenced by my father’s honesty.
The villagers informed the police against the
Inform against কা঴াযও ড়ফরুনে অনা
murder.
চকান ফস্তু ঳ম্বনে
Inform of I informed him of his result.
জানাননা
Inherent in ঳঴জাত Honesty is inherent in Jerry.
Innocent of ড়ননদবাল The officer is innocent of the charge.
Inquire of/about ড়জনজ্ঞ঳ কযা The police inquired of him about the murder.
Insist on ড়জদ কযা He insisted on my going to cinema.
The advice of the teacher inspired us with
Inspire with ঄নুপ্রাড়ণত কযা
courage.
Interest in অগ্র঴ Monira takes interest in music.
Interfere with/ in ঄নড়ধকায বা কযা He always interferes with me in my affairs.
Intimate with ঘড়নষ্ঠ Jerry was intimate with Pat.
Intimate to জানাননা Please intimate to him about the result.
Introduce to ঩ড়য ে কযা I introduced my friend to my parents.
Intrude upon ঄নড়ধকায প্রনফ঱ কযা I don’t want you to intrude upon our discussion.
Invest with বূ ড়লত কযা The captain was invested with new power.
Involve in ড়রপ্ত ঴ওো The boy is involved in the affair.

2
Lecture E-02 Appropriate Preposition

Preposition Meaning Example

Irrelevant to ঄প্রা঳ড়ঙ্গক His remark is irrelevant to the subject.
Irrespective of ড়নড়ফব ায All are equal irrespective of caste and creed.
J
Preposition Meaning Example
Jealous of ইলবা঩যােণ He is jealous of my prosperity.
Jeer at ঠাট্টা কযা We should not jeer at the poor.
Jest at তাভা঱া কযা One should not jest at the poor.
The two families were joined with/ to each other by
Join to/ with ঳ংনমাগ কযা
marriage.
Judge by ড়ফ ায কযা We should not judge anyone by appearance.
Justification for There is no justification for his saying so.

K
Preposition Meaning Example
Key to াড়ফকাড়ঠ Industry is the key to success.
Kind to দোরু The rich should be kind to the poor.

L
Preposition Meaning Example
Lack of ঄বাফ He has lack of money.
Lack in ঄বাফ ঴ওো He lacks in courtesy.
Lame of চখাঁিা The poor man is lame of one leg.
Lament for ঄নুতা঩ কযা One should not lament for the past.
Laugh at ঠাট্টা কযা We should not laugh at the poor.
Lavish of ঄ড়ভতফযেী He is lavish of money.
Distinction between the rich and the poor should be leveled
Level with ঳ভান কযা
with.
Liable to দােী Man is liable to error.
Liable for দােী Jerry was not liable for the breaking of the axe handle.
Likeness to ঳াদৃ঱য He recognized the girl by her likeness to her mother.
Live in ফা঳ কযা Man lives in society.
Live on চখনে জীফন ধাযণ কযা The cow lives on grass.
Long for প্রতযা঱া Man longs for peace and happiness.
Lost in নষ্ট ঴ওো The building was lost in a storm.

M
Preposition Meaning Example
Marry to ড়ফফাড়঴ত Nurjahan was married to Jahangir.
The freedom fighters were martyr to the independence
Martyr to ঱঴ীদ
of Bangladesh.

3
Lecture E-02 Appropriate Preposition

Preposition Meaning Example

Match for তু রনীে The girl is no match for the man.
Meditate on/upon গবীযবানফ ড় ন্তা কযা One should not meditate upon the past actions.
Meet with ঳ম্যখ
ু ীন ঴ওো The boy met with an accident.
Mindful of ভননানমাগী The student is mindful of his studies.
Mix with চভ঱া He does not mix with other boys.
Merge with ড়ভড়রত ঴ওো They merged with bad boys.
Mourn for চ঱াক কযা England mourns for the fallen.
Moved by ড়ফ ড়রত ঴ওো I was moved by his sense of courtesy.
Muse on গবীযবানফ ড় ন্তা কযা He mused on his higher study.

4
Lecture E-02 Vocabulary

Vocabulary (G - M)

G
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
depressed, glum, mournful,
Gay (adj) প্রপু ল্ল, রম্পট cheerful, joyful, merry, lewd
sullen
Greedy (adj) প্র ণ্ড ঄থবনরাবী money-hungry generous, benevolent
(n) explication,
Gesture (n/ v) ঄ঙ্গবঙ্গী emblem, omen, symptom
(v) explicate
fascinating, captivating,
Glamorous (adj) অকলবণীে unattractive, dull
charming
please, satisfy, gladden, displease, dissatisfy,
Gratify (v) ৃ কযা
তপ্ত
reward disappoint, dishearten
Gallant (adj) ঳া঴঳ী brave, valiant, valorous craven, fearful
঄েকায/ light, brightness, joy,
Gloom (adj) darkness, sadness
ড়ফলণ্নতা happiness
Gracious (adj) ঳দে/ ড়ফনেী courteous, polite haughty, arrogant
Gregarious (adj) ড়ভশুক sociable, friendly reclusive, lonely
H
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
Hypocrisy (n) বণ্ডাভী/ ক঩টতা insincerity candor, sincerity
Humble (adj) নম্ম/ ড়নয঴ঙ্কায modest, unassuming proud, boastful
Haughty (adj) ঈেত/ ঄঴ংকাযী arrogant, proud, insolent ashamed, humble
Humorous (adj) চকৌতু ক঩ূণব funny, amusing grave, serious
Humane (adj) দোরু compassionate, forbearing brutal, pitiless, unfeeling
loathsome, abominable,
Hateful (adj) ঘ ৃণাজনক desirable, delightful, pleasant
detestable
atrocious, odious, laudable, praiseworthy,
Heinous (adj) ঘ ৃণয
abominable, hateful justifiable
wet, moist, close, sticky,
Humid (adj) চবজা dry, arid, parched
oppressive
melodious, mellifluous,
Harmonious (adj) শ্রুড়তভধুয harsh
dulcet
Healthful (adj) স্বাস্থ্যকয beneficial, wholesome deleterious
Heterogeneous
ড়ফড়ফধ ড়ভশ্রণ mixed, motley homogeneous, uniform
(adj)
Homogeneous
঳ভপ্রকৃড়ত uniform, all alike heterogeneous
(adj)
঱ত্রুতা঩ূণব /
Hostile (adj) spiteful, malicious friendly, amicable
ড়ফনযাধী
I
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
Imitate (v) ঄নুকযণ কযা counterfeit, duplicate distort, diverge

5
Lecture E-02 Vocabulary

Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms

Illicit (adj) ঄বফধ ড়নড়লে unlawful, illegal licit, legal
heedless, inconsiderate,
Imprudent (adj) ঄ড়ফনফ ক careful, meticulous
indiscreet
Inanimate (adj) প্রাণ঴ীন/ ড়ননস্তজ insensible, unconscious alive, animate, living, stirring
commencement, origin,
Inception (n) অযম্ভ completion, termination
outset
Inevitable (adj) অফ঱যম্ভাফী inescapable, unavoidable preventable, avoidable
Indecent (adj) ঄বদ্র/ ঄শ্লীর disgusting, lewd, obscene decent, modest, pure, refined
abundance, affluence, plenty,
Indigence (adj) দাড়যদ্র destitution, penury, poverty
wealth
aboriginal, inborn, innate,
Indigenous (adj) চদ঱ীে outlandish, foreign
native
Ingenious (adj) ঳যর/ ড়ননদবাল candid, frank, sincere scheming, clever
Innate (adj) ঳঴জাত congenital, inborn, inherent acquired, external
ফযাখযা কযা/ construe, decipher, decode,
Interpret (v) confuse, falsity, misconstrue
঄নুফাদ কযা elucidate
lazy, inactive, indolent, active, employed,
Idle (adj) ঄র঳
empty, unemployed industrious, diligent
Impediment (n) ফাধা block, hindrance, obstacle support, aid, assistance, help
feeble, weak, powerless,
Impotent (adj) কৃ঱কাে powerful, strong, vigorous
nerveless
skeptic, unbeliever,
Infidel (n) ঄ড়ফশ্বা঳ী devotee, believer, true
freethinker
ঋণ ঩ড়যন঱ানধ penniless, bankrupt, badly- solvent, moneyed, rich, well-
Insolvent (adj)
঄ক্ষভ off off
difficult, complex,
Intricate (adj) দঃ঳াধয plain, direct, clear, obvious
complicated
Incense (v) যাড়গনে চদওো anger, infuriate pacify
ceaseless, interminable, intermittent, periodic,
Incessant (adj) ড়ফযাভ঴ীন
unceasing sporadic
Incongruous (adj) ঄নু঩মুি inappropriate suitable
Incredible (adj) ঄ড়ফশ্বা঳য unbelievable, absurd believable, usual
ঈদা঳ীন/
Indifferent (adj) apathetic, neutral, unbiased enthusiastic, biased
ড়নযন঩ক্ষ
Insidious (adj) ছরনা঩ূণব deceitful, tricky ingenuous, frank
স্বাদ঴ীন/
Insipid (adj) tasteless, savorless tasty, palatable, interesting
একনঘঁনে
Intimidate (v) বে চদখাননা frighten, daunt encourage
Irrelevant (adj) ঄প্রা঳ড়ঙ্গক unrelated, impertinent pertinent, germane
J
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
঄থব঴ীন ফাকয, clear, transparent,
Jargon (v) dialect, phraseology
঄঩বালা understandable
Jeer (v) ঠাট্টা কযা mock, ridicule, sneer encourage, praise, inspire,

6
Lecture E-02 Vocabulary

Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms

console
thoughtful, sagacious, unwise, silly, imprudent,
Judicious (adj) দূযদড়঱বতা
prudent, sensible foolish
confuse, mix up, shuffle, arrange, order, organize,
Jumble (v) ড়ভড়শ্রত কযা
disorganize separate, sort out
equity, fairness, integrity, injustice, wrong, partiality,
Justice (n) োে ড়ফ ায
impartiality unfairness
adolescent, youthful, senile, mature, manly, adult,
Juvenile (adj) ককন঱ায
childish, immature aged
Jeopardy (n) ড়ফ঩দ danger, peril security, safety
Jocund (adj) ঴াড়঳খু঱ী jovial, jolly, cheerful temperate, modest, grave
K
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
Kindle (v) ঈৎ঳াড়঴ত কযা ignite, excite, inspire discourage, inanimate
relating to motion,
Kinetic (adj) গড়ত ঳ম্পকবীে stagnant , motionless
characterized by movement
Kudos (n) খযাড়ত / ম঱ praise, glory, honor, status disrespect, blame, criticism
exterior, outside, periphery,
Kernel (n) ঱াঁ঳ / ঱঳য fruit, atom, germ, grain
surface
Knot (n) (v) ফেন joint, connection, combine opening, disband
Kinfolk (n) অত্মীেফগব kith, kinship, clan ancestry, descent, pedigree
Keynote (adj) ভভব / ভূরকথা essence, core, gist unimportant, minor

L
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
Lackluster (adj) ড়নষ্প্রব / ড়নষ্প্রাণ drab, humdrum, dull vivacious, lively, vibrant
Laconic (adj) ঳ংড়ক্ষপ্ত succinct, terse, pithy, concise voluble, verbose, wordy
Licentious (adj) ঄঳চ্চড়যত্র immoral, wicked moral, ethical
Loath (adj) ঄ড়নচ্ছু ক averse, disinclined, hostile enthusiastic, avid
Loquacious (adj) ফা ার talkative, garrulous taciturn, reticent
Loyalty (n) ড়ফশ্বস্ততা fidelity, trustworthiness disloyalty, falseness
Luster (n) ঔজ্জ্বরয brightness, glare dullness, lifelessness
শ্রভড়ফভুখ / idle, indolent, sluggish, energetic, active, agile,
Lazy (adj)
঄র঳ slothful, inactive diligent, industrious
Lucid (adj) ঈির / স্পষ্ট limpid, transparent, distinct ambiguous, obscure, vague
arduous, burdensome,
Laborious (adj) কষ্ট঳াধয easy, light, simple
tedious
bemoan, grieve, mourn,
Lament (v) ঄নুতা঩ কযা celebrate, rejoice, laugh
regret
decline, fade, faint, sicken,
Languish (v) দফবর কযা flourish, thrive, brighten
weaken, wither

7
Lecture E-02 Vocabulary

Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms

meager, bony, thin, skinny,
Lean (adj) কৃ঱ fat, brawny, plump
slender, scanty
clear, intelligible, neat, indistinct, unintelligible,
Legible (adj) সুনফাধয
readable unreadable
Lengthy (adj) প্রফড়ধবত extended, prolonged, tedious brief, short, concise, compact
glassy, lucid, translucent,
Limpid (adj) স্বচ্ছ muddy, torpid, obscure
transparent
eminent, majestic, towering,
Lofty (adj) ঳ম্যাড়নত mean, ordinary, low
dignified
funny, ridiculous, comic, tragic, serious, mournful,
Ludicrous (adj) ঴া঳যনমাগয
laughable sorrowful

M
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
Malice (n) ঄঩কানযয আচ্ছা malevolence, spite benevolence, kindness
Malicious (adj) ড়ফনেল঩যােণ spiteful, malevolent friendly, sociable
ফ ৃ঴দােতন / colossal, gigantic, enormous,
Massive (adj) minute, diminutive, tiny
প্রকাণ্ড monstrous
Meager (adj) ঄ল্প / নগণয scanty, paltry, sparse copious, plentiful
ড়ফড়বন্ন ফস্তুয
Medley (n) assortment, conglomeration homogeneous, same
ড়ভশ্রণ
Melancholy (adj) ভনভযা gloomy, dejected vivacious, happy
Mellifluous (adj) শ্রুড়তভধুয euphonious, dulcet harsh, raucous
ড়ফ঱ ৃঙ্খর /
Messy (adj) cluttered, littered neat, tidy
চনাংযা
Meticulous (adj) খুঁতখুঁনত painstaking, fastidious, fussy careless, uncritical
Microscopic (adj) ক্ষু দ্রাড়তক্ষু দ্র infinitesimal, minute large, immense
crestfallen, misery, agony,
Miserable (adj) দঃখ joyous, happy, happiness
grief
Mitigate (v) ঈ঩঱ভ কযা palliate, ameliorate increase, intensity
Moderate (adj) ভধযভ temper, medium intensified, excessive
Momentous (adj) ঄ড়ত গুরুত্ব঩ূণব significant, important trivial, unimportant
boring, dull, obstinate,
Monotonous (adj) একনঘঁনে interesting, docile
stubborn, inflexible
Monstrous (adj) প্রকাণ্ড, ড়ফযাট huge, titanic, colossal tiny, minute
ড়ফড়ফধ ফস্তুয
Motley (adj) different, heterogeneous uniform, homogenous
ড়ভশ্রণ
Meek (adj) ড়ফনম্ম gentle, submissive, mild fierce, savage, exciting
bemoan, bewail, deplore,
Mourn (v) ড়ফরা঩ কযা celebrate, rejoice
lament

8
Lecture E-02 Vocabulary

Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms

belittle, lessen, decrease,
Magnify (v) তীব্রতয কযা amplify, enhance, intensify
diminish
compulsory, obligatory,
Mandatory (adj) ফাধযতা ভূরক optional, secondary
required
distinctive, extraordinary,
Mediocre (adj) গিভান average, medium, ordinary
brilliant
specific, microscopic,
Minute (adj) ঄ড়ত ক্ষু দ্র enormous, superficial, inexact
diminutive
Modesty (n) বদ্রতা humility, bashfulness vanity, conceit , depravity