HUMAN RIGHTS

A RESEARCH REQUIREMENT FOR THE SUBJECT

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN PERSON

Presented by:

ZAPANTA, JANCEL MAE REYES

HUMSS-XI-ROMANS

Presented to:

DIR. JAYVEE S. RESURRECCION

FIRST SEMESTER

S. Y 2020-2021

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Human rights are standards that allow all people to live with dignity, freedom, equality,

justice and peace. Every person has these rights simply because they are human beings. They are

guaranteed to everyone without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language,

religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status.

Human rights are essential to the full development of individuals and communities.

Many people view human rights as a set of moral principles that apply to everyone.

Human rights are also part of international law, contained in treaties and declarations that spell

out specific rights that countries are required to uphold. Countries often incorporate human rights

in their own national, state and local laws. Human rights are set of principles concerned with

equality and fairness. They recognise our freedom to make choices about our lives and to

develop our potential as human beings. They are about living a life free from fear, harassment or

discrimination. Human rights are commonly understood as being those rights which are inherent

in the mere fact of being human. The concept of human rights is based on the belief that every

human being is entitled to enjoy her/his rights without discrimination. These human rights are

the same for all people everywhere – men and women, young and old, rich and poor, regardless

of our background, where we live, what we think or what we believe.

Human rights can broadly be defined as a number of basic rights that people from around

the world have agreed are essential. These include the right to life, the right to a fair trial,

freedom from torture and other cruel and inhuman treatment, freedom of speech, freedom of

religion, and rights to health, education and an adequate standard of living.

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 The purpose of human rights is to teach and inspire them to become valuable advocates

for tolerance and peace. Children are the future. They need to know their human rights and know

that they must take responsibility to protect themselves and their peers. As they become aware

and active in this cause, the message travels far and wide, and someday universal human rights

will be a fact, not just an idealistic dream. Human rights connect us to each other through a

shared set of rights and responsibilities.

Every person has dignity and value. One of the ways that we recognise the fundamental

worth of every person is by acknowledging and respecting their human rights. Human rights are

basic rights that belongs to all of us simply because we are human. They embody key values in

our society such as fairness, dignity, equality, and respect. They are an important means of

protection for us all, especially those who may face abuse, neglect and isolation. Most

importantly, these rights give us power and enable us to speak up and to challenge poor

treatment from a public authority. Human rights reflect the minimum standards necessary for

people to live with dignity. Human rights give people the freedom to choose how they live, how

they express themselves, and what kind of government they want to support, among many other

things. Human rights also guarantee people the means necessary to satisfy their basic needs, such

as food, housing, and education, so they can take full advantage of all opportunities. Finally, by

guaranteeing life, liberty, equality, and security, human rights protect people against abuse by

those who are more powerful.

Human rights are an important part of how people interact with others at all levels in

society – in the family, the community, schools, the workplace, in politics and in international

relations. It is vital therefore that people everywhere should strive to understand what human

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rights are. When people better understand human rights, it is easier for them to promote justice

and well-being of society.

For me, human rights is what we human’s rights here in our world. To fight for ourselves

every time, to fight our rights, to know our rights and to fight for what we know is right. Human

rights help us to enjoy on other people respecting those rights. It help to ensure our rights with

consideration for the rights for others. For example, someone use her/his right to have a freedom

of speech and respecting her/his right won’t interfere with her/his right to privacy. Putting human

rights ideas into practice can helps us create the kind of society we want to live in. values of

tolerance, equality and respect can help reduce friction with society. Human rights can empower

individuals and offer solutions for specific problems.

CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE

JOHN LOCKE

John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely

regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers

and commonly known as the “Father of Liberalism”. Considered

one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of

Sir Francis Bacon, Locke is equally important to social contract

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theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His

writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and many Scottish Enlightenment

thinkers, as well as the American Revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism

and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

BORN 29, August 1632 Wrington, Somerset, England

DIED 28, October 1704 (aged 72) High Laver, Essex, England

NATIONALITY English

EDUCATION Oxford University (B.A., 1656; M.A., 1658; M.B., 1657)

ERA 17TH – Century Philosophy

REGION Western Philosophy

SCHOOL Empiricism, Foundationalism, Conceptualism, Indirect Realism,

Correspondence Theory of Truth, Ideational Theory of Meaning,
Corpuscularianism, Social Contract, Natural Law and Classical Liberalism

MAIN Metaphysics, Epistemology, Political Philosophy, Philosophy of

INTERESTS Mind, Philosophy of Education, Economics

NOTABLE Consciousness, Consent of the Governed, Inverted Spectrum,

IDEAS Labor theory of property, Law of opinion, Lockean proviso, Molyneux’s

problem, Argument from ignorance, Natural rights, Primary/Secondary
quality distinction, Semeiotike (the doctrine of signs), Social Contract,
Sortal, Statue of nature, Tabula Rasa

John Locke’s most famous works are An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

(1689), in which he developed his theory of ideas and his account of the origins of human

knowledge in experience, and Two Treatises of Government (first edition published in 1690

but substantially composed before 1683). Two Tracts on Government, Some Thoughts

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Concerning Education, Essays on the Law of Nature, A Letter Concerning Toleration, and

The Reasonableness of Christianity.

Natural law theories have featured greatly in the philosophies of Thomas Aquinas,

Francis Suarez, Richard Hooker, Thomas Hobbes, Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf, and

John Locke.

Century philosopher John Locke and, in particular, the argument he outlined in his Two

Treatises of Government (1688). At the centre of Locke’s argument is the claim that individuals

possess natural rights, independently of the political recognition granted them by the state.

The philosophy of human rights attempts to examine the underlying basis of the

concept of human rights and critically looks at its content and jurisdiction. Several theoretical

approaches have been advanced to explain how and why the concept of human rights developed.

One of the oldest Western philosophies on human rights is that they are a product of a

natural law, stemming from different philosophical or religious grounds. Other theories hold that

human rights codify moral behaviour which is a human social in the sociological theory of law

and the work of Weber). These approaches include product developed by a process of biological

and social evolution (associated by Hume). Human rights are also described as a sociological

pattern of rule setting (as the notion that individuals in a society accept rules from legitimate

authority in exchange for security and economic advantage (as in Rawls) – a social contract.

The two theories that dominate contemporary human rights discussion are the interest

theory and the will theory. Interest theory argues that the principal function of human rights is to

protect and promote certain essential human interests, while will theory attempts to establish the

validity of human rights based on the unique human capacity for freedom.

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 REFERENCES

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.drk.humanrightsfreebooks

https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Locke

https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/education/introduction-human-rights

https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/human_rights_basics

https://ww.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/work-learning/discrimination-rights/human-rights/

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