A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition

Chapter 2
Working Inside Desktop Computers and
Laptops
1
 Objectives

• Take apart a desktop computer and put it back

together
• Explain the special considerations when supporting
laptop computers that are different than supporting
desktop computers
• Take apart a laptop computer and put it back
together

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 2

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Desktop
Computer Case
• Every PC technician should know how to take a
computer apart and put it back together again
• The following slides will cover this skill

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 3

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 1: Plan and Organize Your Work

• Make notes for backtracking

• Remove loose jewelry that might get caught
• Stay organized by keeping small parts in one place
• Do not stack boards on top of each other
• Do not touch board chips
– With hands, magnetized screwdriver
– Fingerprints on edge connectors may later cause
corrosion

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 4

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 1: Plan and Organize Your Work

• Protect yourself and the equipment

– Don’t touch a microchip with a magnetized
screwdriver
– Never ever touch inside of a turned on computer
– Consider monitor, power supply as “black boxes”
• Never remove the cover or touch inside
– Watch out for sharp edges that can cut

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 5

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System
• Back up important data
• Power down the system and unplug it
– Unplug other peripherals as well
• Press and hold the power button for 3 seconds
– This will drain the power supply
• Have a plastic bag or cup handy to hold screws
• Open the case cover
– Many cases require you to remove the faceplate first
– Some older cases require you to remove a side panel

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 6

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-2 Decide which side panel to remove

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 7

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-3 Locate the screws that hold the side panel in place

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 8

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-4 On this system, clips hold the side panel in place

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 9

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-5 Slide the panel to the rear of the case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 10

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-6 Some cases require you to remove the front panel
before removing the side panel of a computer case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 11

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-7 One screw holds the side panel in place

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 12

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System
• Clip your ESD strap to the side of the computer case
• After opening you will see the main components:
– Power supply
– Motherboard
– Drives
• Follow cables from motherboard to the component
to know the purpose of each cable

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 13

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 2: Open the Computer Case and
Examine the System

Figure 2-8 Attach the alligator clip of your ground bracelet to the side of the computer case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 14

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 3: Remove Expansion Cards

• If removing components:
– Draw a diagram of all cable connections to the
motherboard, expansion cards, and drives
– Use a felt-tip marker to mark components in order to
indicate a cable connection, board placement,
orientation, etc…

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 15

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 3: Remove Expansion Cards

Figure 2-9 Diagram the pin locations of the color-coded

wires that connect to the front of the case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 16

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 3: Remove Expansion Cards

• To remove expansion cards:

– Remove any wire or cable connected to the card
– Remove the screw holding the card to the case
– Grasp the card with both hands and remove it by
lifting straight up (can also rock the card from end to
end)
– Don’t put your fingers on edge connectors or touch a
chip
• It is best to store cards in an antistatic bag

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 17

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives
• Depending on the system, you may have to remove
the drives and/or power supply to get to the
motherboard
• To remove motherboard:
– Unplug power supply lines
– Unplug SATA cables connected to the motherboard
– Disconnect wires leading from the front of the
computer case to the motherboard (called front panel
connectors)
• Make a diagram before disconnecting

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 18

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives

Figure 2-12 Five leads from the front panel connect to two rows
of pins on the motherboard front panel header

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 19

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives
• To remove motherboard (cont’d):
– Disconnect any other cables or wires connected to
the motherboard
– Unscrew motherboard from spacers
• Spacers (standoffs): round plastic or metal pegs that
separate the board from the case
• Spacers are necessary to keep motherboard from
touching the metal case, which might cause a short
– Motherboard should be free to remove from the case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 20

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives

Figure 2-15 Remove the motherboard from the case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 21

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives
• To remove the power supply from the case:
– Look for screws that attach the power supply to the
computer case
• Do not remove screws that hold power supply housing
together (do take housing apart)
– Sometimes power supplies are also attached to the
case on the underside by recessed slots
• Turn case over and look for slots
• If present, determine in which direction you need to
slide the power supply to free it from the case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 22

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives

Figure 2-16 Removing the power supply mounting screws

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 23

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives
• Tips to remove drives:
– Look for screws on each side of the drive attaching
the drive to the drive bay
– There might be a catch underneath the drive
• You must lift up as you slide the drive forward
– Some drive bays have a clipping mechanism to hold
the drive in the bay
• Release the clip and then pull the drive forward
– May have to remove the drive bay in order to remove
the drives

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 24

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives

Figure 2-17 To remove this CD drive, first pull the clip forward to
release the drive from the bay

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 25

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives

Figure 2-18 Push down on the clip and then slide the removable
bay forward and out of the case

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 26

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Step 4: Remove the Motherboard,
Power Supply, and Drives

Figure 2-19 Drives in this removable bay are held in place with
screws on each side of the bay

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 27

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together
• Refer to any diagrams created during the
disassembling process
• Install components in this order: power supply,
drives, motherboard, and cards
– When installing drives, it may be easier to connect
cables to the drives before sliding them into the bay
• Place motherboard inside the case
– Make sure ports and screw holes are lined up

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 28

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together

Figure 2-21 Align screw holes in the case with those on the motherboard

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 29

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together
• Connect the power cords from the power supply to
the motherboard
– Will always need the main P1 power connector and
may likely need the 4-pin auxiliary connector for the
processor
– A board might have a 6-pin or 8-pin PCIe power
connector
• If power supply does not have this connector, use an
adapter to convert two Molex connectors to a PCIe
connector

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 30

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together

Figure 2-23 The 24-pin connector supplies power to the motherboard

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 31

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together

Figure 2-24 The auxiliary 4-pin power cord provides power to the processor

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 32

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together
• Connect the power cords from the power supply to
the motherboard (cont’d):
– If case fan is present, connect power cord from the
fan to pins on motherboard labeled “Fan Header”
– If a CPU and cooler are already installed on
motherboard, connect power cord from CPU to pins
on motherboard labeled “Fan Header”
• Connect wire leads from the front panel of the case
to the front panel header on motherboard

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 33

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together

Figure 2-27 Seven connectors from the front panel connect to the motherboard

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 34

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together

Figure 2-28 Front panel header uses color-coded pins and labels

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 35

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together
• Look for a small triangle embedded on the
connector that marks one of the outside wires as pin
1
– Line up pin 1 on connector with pin 1 marked on
motherboard
– If labels on motherboard are not clear, consult user
guide for help

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 36

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together

Figure 2-30 Front panel header with all connectors in place

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 37

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Steps to Put a Computer Back
Together
• Connect wires to ports on the front panel of the case
– Audio ports or USB ports are examples
• Install the video card and other expansion cards
• Double-check each connection
• Plug in keyboard, monitor, and mouse
• In classroom environment, have instructor check
work
• Turn on the power and check that the PC is working
properly
– If not, most likely a loose connection
A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 38
© Cengage Learning 2017
 Special Considerations when
Supporting Laptops
• Laptops and their replacement parts cost more than
desktop PCs
• Factors to consider that apply more to laptop than
desktop computers:
– Original equipment manufacturer’s warranty
– Service manuals and diagnostic software provided by
the manufacturer
– Customized installation of the OS unique to laptops
– Advantage of order replacement parts directly from
the laptop manufacturer or authorized source

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 39

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Warranty Concerns

• Always check to see if laptop is under warranty

before servicing
• Contacting technical support: information needed
– Laptop model and serial number
– Purchaser name, phone number, address
• Service options
– On-site
– Ship to authorized service center
– Phone assistance or online chat

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 40

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Service Manuals and Other Sources of
Information
• Service manuals save time
– Enables safe laptop disassembly
• Locating documentation – Service manual
– Manufacturer’s physical manual
– Manufacturer’s Web site
• Support or FAQ pages
– Third party websites
• User manual
– Provides basic maintenance tasks

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 41

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Diagnostic Tools Provided by
Manufacturers
• To determine problem components use diagnostic
software provided by manufacturer
– Sources:
• Manufacturer’s Web site
• CDs bundled with the notebook
• Hard drive or floppy disk
– Example: PC-Doctor
• Included with Lenovo, Fujitsu, and HP notebooks
• Can be purchased separately

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 42

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

• It may become necessary to open a laptop case to

upgrade memory, exchange a hard drive, or replace
a failed component
• Replacing a broken LCD panel or motherboard can
be a complex process
• Screws and nuts on a laptop are smaller than a
desktop
– Require smaller tools

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 43

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

• Requires special tools and extra patience

Figure 2-38 Use a small screwdriver or dental pick to pry up the plastic cover hiding a screw

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 44

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

• Requires special tools and extra patience

Figure 2-39 To protect the system against ESD, attach the alligator clip of a ground strap to an
I/O port on the back of the laptop

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 45

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

• Many small screws require smaller tools

• Work methodically:
– Keep screws and components organized
• Place screws in a pillbox (label each compartment)
• Place screws on soft padded work surface
– Use white labeling tape
• Place screws on notebook paper
– Write where screw belongs
• Tape screw beside manufacturer documentation
– Keep notes to help with reassembly

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 46

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

Figure 2-41 Tape screws beside the step in the manufacturer documentation that told you to
remove the screw

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 47

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

• Disassembly tips:
– Find the hardware service manual
– Consider the warranty might still apply
• Opening the case might void the warranty
– Take the time necessary, do not force anything
– Protect against ESD
– Understand ZIF connectors
– Pry up plastic covers with dental pick or screwdriver
– Plastic screws may be used only once
– Disassemble components in order
A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 48
© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

Figure 2-43 Three ZIF connectors hold the three keyboard cables in place

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 49

© Cengage Learning 2017
 How to Work Inside a Laptop Computer

• Reassembly tips:
– Reassemble notebook in reverse order
– Tighten, but do not over tighten, all screws
– Before installing the battery or AC adapter verify there
are no loose parts inside the notebook

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 50

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Summary

• When working inside a computer, stay organized,

keep careful notes, and follow all safety procedures
• Before opening a case, shut down the system,
unplug it, disconnect all cables, and press the power
button to drain residual power
• An expansion card fits in a slot on the motherboard
and is anchored to the case by a single screw or clip
• Laptop computers are designed for travel, so
smaller and more durable replacement parts cost
more than they do for desktops

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 51

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Summary

• The laptop manufacturer documentation are useful

when disassembling, troubleshooting, and repairing
a notebook
• When an internal component needs replacing,
consider the possibility of disabling the component
and using an external peripheral device in its place
• Replacing the laptop might be more cost effective
than performing labor-intensive repairs
• When disassembling a laptop, the manufacturer’s
service manual is essential

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 52

© Cengage Learning 2017
 Summary

• When upgrading components on a laptop, use

components that are the same brand as the laptop
• Follow directions in a service manual to disassemble
a laptop

A+ Guide to Hardware, 9th Edition 53

© Cengage Learning 2017