A Project Report On

Design and Fabrication of Solar Portable Rice Paddy

Cleaning Machine for Crops
Submitted in partial fulfillment for requirement of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering

Prescribed by
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur (M.S.)

Submitted By

Pratik Prashant Patil Rushabh Dilip Chamate

Shubham Ramesh Bawane Prajwal Wasudeo Satpaise

Pratik Arunji Giradkar Ritik Prabhu Pathane

Under the guidance of

Dr. S.N. Waghmare
(Assistant Prof.)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur
2020-21

i
 A Project Report On
Design and Fabrication of Solar Portable Rice Paddy
Cleaning Machine for Crops
Submitted in partial fulfillment for requirement of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering

Prescribed by
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur (M.S.)

Submitted By

Pratik Prashant Patil Rushabh Dilip Chamate

Shubham Ramesh Bawane Prajwal Wasudeo Satpaise

Pratik Arunji Giradkar Ritik Prabhu Pathane

Under the guidance of

Dr. S.N. Waghmare
(Assistant Prof.)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur
2020-21
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work of Design and Fabrication of Solar

Portable Rice Paddy Cleaning Machine for Crops presented in the

project report have been carried out by us under the guidance of Dr. S.N.

Waghmare, Mechanical Engineering Department, Priyadarshini College

of Engineering, Nagpur.

The work is original and has not been submitted earlier as a whole or part

for the degree at this or any other institution. It contains no material which

is previously published or written by another person nor material which

has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the

university or other institution of higher learning except where due

acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Place: Nagpur
Date:

Pratik Prashant Patil (214)

Rushabh Dilip Chamate (220)

Shubham Ramesh Bawane(225)

Prajwal Wasudeo Satpaise (235)

Pratik Arunji Giradkar (236)

Ritik Prabhu Pathane (253)
 Certificate
It is to certify that this is a bonafide record of Project Work entitled

Design and Fabrication of Solar Portable Rice Paddy Cleaning Machine For
Crops

Carried out by

Pratik Prashant Patil Rushabh Dilip Chamate

Shubham Ramesh Bawane Prajwal Wasudeo Satpaise
Pratik Arunji Giradkar Ritik Prabhu Pathane

8th Semester B.E. Mechanical Engineering during the academic year of 2020-21 in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering offered by Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University,
Nagpur (M.S.)

Dr. S.N. Waghmare Prof. S.P. Lokhande

Guide Project Coordinator
(Assistant Prof.)

Dr. K.S. Zakiuddin Dr. M.P. Singh

Professor & Head Department Principal

of Mechanical Engineering Priyadarshini College of Engine
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take great pleasure and immense pride to present the project report on “Design
and Fabrication of Solar Portable Rice Paddy Cleaning Machine for Crops” The
sense of achievement the satisfaction, reward and appreciation as regards to the
completion of our project cannot be comprehended without the earnest support
provided by the various people associated with us.
The first and foremost person who comes to express indebted thanks and gratitude to
our Guide Dr. S.N. Waghmare for his interactive communication and encouragement
proved to be yardstick in successful completion of our project. He had been friend,
philosopher and guide.

It is a pleasure to thanks to Dr. K.S. Zakiuddin, Head of Department for his

esteemed guidance constant encouragement and valued advice during the course of
project.

We take this opportunity to thanks our Principal Dr. M. P. Singh to make all the
facilities conveniently available to us.

We are grateful to the Institution Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur and

RTMNU University for granting permission to us to undertake this project

Name of Students

Pratik Prashant Patil (214)

Rushabh Dilip Chamate (220)

Shubham Ramesh Bawane(225)

Prajwal Wasudeo Satpaise (235)

Pratik Arunji Giradkar (236)

Ritik Prabhu Pathane (253)
 Index

Sr No CHAPTERS Page No.

1 Introduction 1-3

2 Literature Review 4-6

3 Methodology 7-9

4 Design and Development of Automation 10-18

System

5 Fabrication 19-20

6 working 21-24

7 Advantages, Limitations and Applications 25-28

8 Costing 29-31

9 Conclusion 32-33

10 References 34-35

11 Photo Gallery 36-

 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr Content Page
No. no.
1. Figure1: Industrial design 6

2. Figure2: Cad Design(concept) 9

3. Figure3: First design(concept) 11

4. Figure4: Front assembly 22

5. Figure5: Back assembly 23

6. 23
Figure5: Side assembly
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
 INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa, L) is one of the most important cereal crops consumed in both rural
and urban areas of developing economies like Nigeria. It is the most widely consumed
cereal after maize and sorghum in many parts of the country. Rice paddy machine may be
defined as the separation of the grains from straw. The traditional method involves
beating of the grains from the stalk by hitting with stick or hitting the grain stalk or
harvested straws on the floor. This method often results in some losses as some of the
grains are broken in the process. It should therefore be discouraged as it is drudgery
laden, time consuming and encourages wastage.
Overtime, improvement has come over the crude method of rice processing to reduce
grains loss and damage caused by traditional method. Mechanically powered threshers
have been introduced to overcome these difficulties, but it has not gained wide adoption
due to high cost of buying and failure of the thresher to meet the expectation of the
processors in terms of design capacity (tonnage of work it can do in an hour) and
efficiency under continuous use in the field.
Report by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reveals that harvesting and
threshing are still frequently done by hand in developing countries. It was also gathered
that mechanization of rice processing has begun to develop during recent years, especially
where the crop is produced not for self-consumption but rather for commercial purpose.
Nevertheless, such mechanization has not developed everywhere to the same extent but
according to the type of crop concerned, because labor requirements remain high for
handling the produce before threshing
To help make thresher available to majority of small-scale rice processors in order to
increase their production capacity, this research endeavor is undertaken by designing and
fabricating a motorized rice paddy machine for small and medium scale holder of rice
farm to improve on the activities of rice processing in the industry.

1.1 Padding Methods

After being harvested, paddy bunches may be stacked on the plot. The in-field storage
method results in a pre-drying of the rice ears before threshing, the purpose of which is to
separate seeds from panicles.
1.2 Traditional Method
The traditional threshing of rice is generally done by hand: bunches of panicles are beaten
against a hard element (e.g. a wooden bar log, bamboo table, or stone). In many countries
in Asia and Africa, and in Madagascar, the crop is threshed by being trodden underfoot
(by humans or animals); this method often results in some losses due to the grain being
broken or buried in the earth (Food Agency Organization 1995).
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
 LITERATURE RIVIEW
The literature review chapter provides an overview of research carried out in the field of
rice paddy Machine. This chapter investigates the existing state-of the- art methods and
technologies developed in this paddy Machine, in order to identify research gaps.
The review on research conducted in the paddy Machine is categorised into the two
sections
 Academic research review
 Existing industrial solutions review

2.1 Academic research review

Koji Yamaguji ,The result of research work is impressive .in order to achieve the
extension of thresher JEP in west Africa , a participatory research project is of universe de
lame in Togo and the local manufacturer ,UPROMAH .Regarding the small scale farmer
condition and result of design and the technical test of the thresher JEP we recommended
that the side edge cover of the grain should be raised to avoided falling of grain and chaff
in the grain outlet more test should be conducted to ascertain why there was decrease in
threshing capacity as speed went up ,the spring speed should be doubled to avoid future
breakages, very wet paddy ,moisture up to 21% should not be used as it stuck and does
not allow free exit of chaff ,more different rice varieties under different condition should
focused on designing a low cost thresher.

Chakrabarti, the design and fabrication of a rice threshing machine has been
successfully carried out by this work. The machine is capable of threshing, separation of
stalk from rice and reduction in number of broken rices, thereby, giving a better method
of threshing than the traditional methods. All the materials used were locally sourced.

Ahmad Hanafie, Grain will be separated from the stalks or straw through a blower that
produces wind. These winds can make a power to separatethe rice from the straw.The
rice will come out under thresher and the empty hay and grain will be separated from
the
grainthat contains rice.Regulators used to modify the speed (rpm) are adjusted based on
the type of rice.To obtain a more detailed picture of the Thresher Machine system design.
a) Rice thresher using break down system consists of 4 main parts namely frame, thresher,
cylinder, and cover. Thus carrying the thresher will be easier and only needs 3 people and
the time needed is quicker.
b) Farmer productivity result using the thresher with the break down system is 21.84
minutes/100kg or a daily working hour can reach 1900 kg.

2.2 Existing industrial solutions review

Now Many farmers use small agricultural machines to alleviate the heavy labor, such as
Wanma rice thresher machine.

It is a multifunctional machine, which can not only process paddy, but also thresh
soybean, wheat, corn, etc.

Fig.2.1 Industrial design

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
 METHODOLOGY

3.1. DESIGN NORMS

Management of the planet our Creator gave us is at the heart of our project. It is
our aim to design rice paddy machine that is energy as well as cost efficient. Our
automation process saves industrial money, enabling users to manage their money
responsibly. We made several design decisions to make our design transparent. We have
worked through the project to ensure that the user would be able to understand how to
operate our machine. We felt that an over complicated design would stifle the user. It was
also our desire to be upfront and honest about all experimental results and assumptions.

3.2. TRUST AND INTEGRITY

We want that our product should be trusted by a customer that we have designed.
We have used the design norm of integrity such that the form and function of our design
will perform up to the standards we have set, and provide stated energy savings.

3.3.METHOD OF APPROCH

The design process for our project involved following steps:

The first step of our project was to design an experimental unit which would help with our
design process. The next step was to determine what might be the biggest issues of the
project by building an experimental unit. Our experimental unit consisted of what we
thought our design might look like, but a lot of the minor details and aesthetics were not
considered when building it. We built the experimental unit using materials that we found
in the engineering building. The unit was built big enough that it would be rice paddy
machine. For exact dimensions of the experimental unit. After we found out what our
problems were, our plan was to redesign and make modifications that would help fix
those issues. Lastly, when all of the new designs and modifications had been resolved the
final design step was initiated. When building the final product, it was inevitable that we
would find small problems with our design so it was crucial that we were careful when
putting the final product together so that we could allow for problems to be fixed.
3.4 Cad Desing

Fig.3.1 Cad Design

PROBLEM DEFINETION

Rice, a staple food in most Nigerian homes has always enjoyed increasing demand across
the country. Due to this, there is high demand for the product and less productivity. In the
recent time, government of the day has placed ban on illegal rice importation into the
country. This in turn has restricted rice circulation all over the country. For this reason,
there is need to increase local rice production in Nigeria to meet the needs of the teeming
Nigerian populace.
More also, traditional method of rice threshing is primitive and drudgery laden. In the
process, there is always wastage of money and time as breakage results and output in
terms of capacity is low. In tackling these problems, mechanical process is recommended
for rice processing so as to meet the increasing demand of the teeming popular
 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATION SYSTEM

4.1 Conceptual to final design
First of all, we had an idea about our project and we made a rough design of our
product by using pen and paper. It contained motor, blades. This all operated by using
solar power. This was our first design as show in figure below

Conceptual design: -
Conceptual design 1: -

Figure 4.1 First design

This design consists of specially designed rotating plates.

Our basic aim was to insert rice thresher.

So, we decided a basic setup which required consist of
1. plates
2. Conveyor belt
3. Collecting tray
Conceptual design 2: -

Figure 4.2 Second Design

Then after some literature study, we made some relevant changes like we removed the
side fan and we get our final design.

4.2 Standard component detail

Hardware Requirements: -
1] Solar Panel
2] Battery
3] Charge Controller
4] DC Motor
5] High-Quality Chain
6] Freewheel
Description of components are as follows:
1] SOLAR PANEL

Fig.4.3 Solar Panel

Solar panels are those devices which are used to absorb the sun's rays and convert them
into electricity or heat.

Description: A solar panel is actually a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells, which
can be used to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect. These cells are arranged in
a grid-like pattern on the surface of solar panels.

Thus, it may also be described as a set of photovoltaic modules, mounted on a structure

supporting it. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged and connected assembly of 6×10
solar cells.

When it comes to wear-and-tear, these panels are very hardy. Solar panels wear out
extremely slow. In a year, their effectiveness decreases only about one to two per cent (at
times, even lesser).

Most solar panels are made up using crystalline silicon solar cells.

Installation of solar panels in homes helps in combating the harmful emissions of

greenhouse gases and thus helps reduce global warming. Solar panels do not lead to any
form of pollution and are clean. They also decrease our reliance on fossil fuels (which are
limited) and traditional power sources.

These days, solar panels are used in wide-ranging electronic equipments like calculators,
which work as long as sunlight is available.

However, the only major drawback of solar panels is that they are quite costly. Also, solar
panels are installed outdoors as they need sunlight to get charged.
2] BATTERY

Fig.4.4 Battery
The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physics Gaston Plante and is the
earliest type of rechargeable battery. Despite having a very low energy-to-weight ratio
and a low energy-to-volume ratio, its ability to supply high surge current means that the
cells have a relatively large power to weight ratio. These features, along with their low
cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required
by starter motors.
3] CHARGE CONTROLLER

Fig.4.4 Charge Controller

A solar charge controller is fundamentally a voltage or current controller to charge the
battery and keep electric cells from overcharging. It directs the voltage and current hailing
from the solar panels setting off to the electric cell. Generally, 12V boards/panels put out
in the ballpark

of 16 to 20V, so if there is no regulation the electric cells will damage from overcharging.
Generally, electric storage devices require around 14 to 14.5V to get completely charged.
The solar charge controllers are available in all features, costs, and sizes. The range of
charge controllers is from 4.5A and up to 60 to 80A.
] DC MOTOR

Fig.4.5 DC Motor

This is MY1016Z3 24V 350W Geared DC e cycle Motor kit with Electric Bike
Conversion Kit. The combo has all assembly product you need to build your Electric
Bike. It is an Electric Bicycle Permanent Magnet DC Motor. This MY1016Z3 is a very
popular high torque reduction motor, simply the most commonly useful motor for
Scooters, Bikes and quad’s available in the market.Now here it comes combo with all
necessary items to build your brand new eBike; to save your efforts in looking out for all
compatible products and you can get it in just one go at a reasonable cost.

The My1016Z3  Motor is quite powerful with its small size and extremely reliable with
its power requirements. We’ve sold these for so many different applications that they
were never designed for, but the robustness of the build makes them just go and go.

Operating Voltage - 24 V DC
Output Power - 350 W
Speed (after Reduction) - 324 RPM
 Torque - 11 N.m (110 kg.cm)
Stall Torque - 55 N.m (550 kg.cm)
Weight - 2.98 Kg.
Operating Current - 19.2 Amp Max
Shipment Weight - 3.2 kg
Shipment Dimensions - 16 × 10 × 12 cm

Fig 4.6 DC motors can be divided into brushed and brushless DC motors

DC motors are divided into two categories depending upon whether or not they use
brushes and commutators.

Brushed DC motors work by direct connection to a source of DC electric power.

Brushless DC motors, in contrast, require a drive circuit and work by supplying the
appropriate current through static windings based on the detected orientation of the
magnetic poles of the rotor.
Cutaway schematic diagram of brushed DC motor

Cutaway schematic diagram of brushless DC motor

5] High-Quality Chain

Fig.4.8 Chain

E-bikes generally combine both pedal-assist sensors as well as a throttle. Some electric
bikes have an electric motor that operates on a power-on-demand basis only. In this case,
the electric motor is engaged and operated manually using a throttle, which is usually on
the handgrip just like the ones on a motorbike or scooter.

The new 420 chain drive for MY1020Z promises to improve the efficiency of electric
bikes and extend their range. The reason for the increased wear potential is because the
power and
torque provided by the rider are boosted by the mid-motor and these higher loads are then
transmitted directly to the cassette by the chain. This chain ensures an efficient transfer of
power and also, prolonged and extended battery life.

6] Freewheel

Fig.4.9 Freewheel

 Tempered Alloy Steel Gear

 Metal Chain Sproket
 High Speed Gear
 E-Rickshaw Gear Chain Sproket
 E-Bike Motor Chain Sproket
 Product Dimensions :  12 x 12 x 2 cm

 Weight :  400 g
CHAPTER 5

FABRICATION
 THE FABRICATION OF SOLAR PORTABLE RICE PADDY
CLEANING MACHINE FOR CROPS

At first stage we select 1.5x1.5 inches square pipe

with 5mm width of heavy metal containing 8 kg of weight for used main frame or

base of the project. Then we create 305mm round circular 2 plates and having length

510mm with 4 internal supporting MS sheet bar with 30mm x 510mm length. The

circular round object having mounted on 10 wooden square bar with 9 and 10 nails,

with length 585mm x 18mm x18mm with nails distance 50mm distance. The nails

height is 2.5 inches with 3mm width. We use 2 bearing with outer dimension 35mm

and inner dimension 25mm. the both bearing attached with 25mm diameter shaft. The

hand base supporting 675mm x200 x 20mm wooden plate we used. The hand

supporting wooden plate mounted on L-type angle bar with height 27inches and L-

shape with 6 inches, the angle size is 25x5mm angle road. The model front side we

use rice paddy sliding wooden plate with 670x330x20mm.

 CHAPTER 6

ASSEMBLY AND WORKING

 ASSEMBLY

1. First, we made chassis by using M.S. square pipes with the help of welding,

machining, and grinding, etc.

2. Then we assembled front pulley assembly of shaft with the help ball bearing

and bar shaft and ball bearing clamp.

3. After that rotating pully mounted then nail mounted flame mount on pully.

4. Then we fitted freewheel Hub by using welding.

5. After that we assemble freewheel Hub then tight freewheel gear and motor

attached with frame and freewheel gear connected with motor via chain drive.

6. Then we adjust the chain alignment, because the loose chain not work properly.

Fig.6.1 Front assembly

 Fig.6.2 Back assembly

7. After chain alignment we mount hand support angle bar, both angle bar
mount and tight with screw.

8. After hand support bar mounted then hand support wooden plate with tight
nuts and bolt.

9. After finishing hand supporting wooden plate mount, Rice paddy sliding
wooden plate attached with metal wire.

10. After all part attached then battery clam screwed then solar panel attached.

Fig.6.3 Side assembly

 WORKING

As our project title suggests “Design and Fabrication of Solar Portable Rice Paddy
Cleaning Machine for Crops.” Our system works on the solar panel power. The solar
panel convert light energy into electricity. Coming electricity store in the battery via
battery charge controller. The battery charge controller is used for charging the
battery, protect over charging of the battery and last to protect over discharging of the
battery.

The powerful DC gear motor use battery power to run. The motor convert electricity
into mechanical motion, the motion provide to the freewheel gear, freewheel attached
with rice paddy cleaning shaft via freewheel hub. The rice paddy cleaning mechanism
with nail arrangement. The motor rotates the paddy mechanism the nail fire on the rice
paddy. The farmer takes rice plant on the rice paddy cleaning mechanism using
support base. The rice paddy drops on the slide wooden plate then on the earth. This
machine is portable and solar operated.
 CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

 ADVANTAGES

1. This is eco-friendly, free energy operation.

2. Portable and low coast.

3. Increase production and reduce human work load.

4. Less maintenance.
 LIMITATIONS

1. A
 APPLICATIONS

1. It is useful for portable Rice Paddy Cleaning Machine.

CHAPTER 8

COSTING
 COSTING

Sr. No MATERIAL PRICE

REQUIRED
1. Square Pipe M.S = 930/-
1.25x1.25 Inches,
162 inches

2. Nail = 2.5incchess 300/-

2kg

3. Shaft 30mm 400/-

23 inches

4. Ball bearing 2 300/-

OD35, ID25
5. Roller 12x27 inches 3500/-

6. L-type angle 35x5mm 600/-

6x30 inches
7. Wooden plates 1000/-
8. Battery clamp 200/-
6x4 inches

9. DC Gear Moror 4500/-

10. Solar Panel 900/-

10watt

11. Lead Acid Battery 1090/-

12V/7amp

12. Battery charge 600/-

controller 6 Amp capa.
13. Chain 150/-

14. Freewheel gear 120/-

15. Freewheel Gear Hub 150/-

Sr. No MATERIAL PRICE
REQUIRED
16. Nut, Bolt, Washer, 100/-
3/4th inches

17. Toggle Switch 100/-

18. Wires 100/-

19. Paint 200/-

20. U Clamp for bearing 100/-

TOTAL Rs. 15340/-

CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

A motorized paddy machine was designed and constructed in this technical report for the
purpose of rice threshing. Evaluation work was carried out on the machine to determine
its performance in terms of throughput capacity and efficiency at certain processing
conditions.
In carrying out the evaluation work, harvested rice with the straw was introduced into the
rice paddy machine through the feed tray to the threshing drum. Impact, stripping and
rubbing effects on the rice straw against the threshing drum brings about removal and
separation of the grains from the straw. The spiral nature of the spikes and the peg tooth
wraps the whole paddy on the drum and moves along the length of the threshing drum in
the forward direction until the unwanted straws and shrubs reach the draw chute and then
expelled by the straw thrower at the peripheral of the machine. Rice is collected at the
sprout provided after it has been separated from the straw and debris through suction
cyclone positioned around the grain sprout.
CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES
 REFERENCES

[1] Zhao Xiaoyu et.ai., "Based On Matlab Electrically Operated Windshield Wiper
Systems Design Method Research" Third International Conference on Measuring
Technology and Mechatronics Automation, 2011, pp. 621- 624.
[2] Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association (CEMA). “Belt Conveyors for Bulk
Materials” pp. 200-205.
[3] Pravin M. Singrua,*, Jayant P. Modak, “Dynamics of arm of a flat belt drive pulley
with explanation of belt flutter”.
[4] ASME. 1995. Design of Transmission Shafting. American Society of Mechanical
Engineering, New York, NY, USA.
[5] Ahmad Hanafie, A.Haslindah, Muh. Fadhli. 2015. Pengembangan Mesin Perontok
Padi (Combine Harverter) yang Ergonomis Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi, Majalah
Teknik Industri, Vol. 22/No.1/Juni 2015, ISSN. 14107015, Hal. 67-72.
[6] S. M. Shinde , R.B. Patil “ Optimization Technique Used for the Roller Conveyor
System for Weight Reduction”,PG student, Jawaharlal Nehru College of Engineering,
Aurangabad, India. Associate Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru College of Engineering,
Aurangabad, India. , International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 5, July – 2012
[7] V.B.Bhandari “Design of Machine Element,” Tata McGraw Hill publishing company,
eighth edition (2003)
 CHAPTER 11

PHOTO GALLERY
PHOTO GALLERY