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Week 1 ULO A

An information system has several key components: 1) Computers that accept data as input, process it, produce output information, and store it for future use. Computers contain hardware like processors, memory, and storage. 2) Input and output devices that allow users to enter and access data/information. Common input devices include keyboards and mice, while common output devices include displays and printers. 3) Memory that stores instructions and data needed for processing. Storage devices like hard drives also record and retrieve items.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

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Week 1 ULO A

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BIG PICTURE in Focus: ULO a.

Explain the different components of an

Information System.

Metalanguage
In this section, the most essential terms relevant to the study of this course to demonstrate the
ULO a will be operationally defined to establish a common frame of reference as to how the
text work in your chosen field or career. You will encounter these terms as we go through the
study of this course.

An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions

stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data
Computer
according to specified rules, produce information, and store the
information for future use.
Any hardware component that allows you to enter data and
Input Device
instructions into a computer or mobile device.
Any hardware component that conveys information from a
Output Device
computer or mobile device to one or more people.
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to
Memory
be executed and the data needed by those instructions.
A worldwide collection of computer networks that connects
Internet millions of businesses, government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals.
Involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental
Green Computing
waste generated when using a computer.
Consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common
Software
purpose.
Communication A hardware capable of transferring items from computers and
Device devices to transmission media and vice versa.
A collection of computers and devices connected together, often
Network
wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media.

Essential Knowledge
Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate.
Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile
devices, the web, and related technologies

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the

control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can
accept data (input), process the data according to specified
rules, produce information (output), and store the information
for future use. Computers contain many electric, electronic,
and mechanical components known as hardware. Electronic
College of Computing Education
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Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

components in computers process data using instructions, which are the steps that tell the
computer how to perform a particular task. A collection of related instructions organized for a
common purpose is referred to as software or a program. Using software, you can complete a
variety of activities, such as search for information, type a paper, balance a budget, create a
presentation, or play a game. One popular category of computer is the personal computer. A
personal computer (PC) is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output,
and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a time. Most
personal computers today also can communicate with other computers and devices.

Types of personal computers include laptops, tablets, and desktops, with the first two
sometimes called mobile computers. A mobile computer is a portable personal computer,
designed so that a user can carry it from place to place. A user is anyone who interacts with a
computer or mobile device or utilizes the information it generates. A mobile device is a
handheld computer or any other electronic device that is designed with portability in mind.
Some of the most common mobile devices we use today include:

Advantages and Disadvantage with the use of computers

Advantages:
• Speed
• Reliability
• Consistency
• Storage
• Communications

Disadvantages:
• Health Risks
• Violation of Privacy
• Public Safety
• Impact on Labor Force
• Impact on Environment

Data and Information

Computers process data (input) into information (output)
and often store the data and resulting information for

2
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3rd Floor, DPT Building
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Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

future use. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers,
images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning to users. Both business and home
users can make well-informed decisions because they have instant access to information from
anywhere in the world.

Components of a Computer
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as
hardware

Input
Users have a variety of input options for entering data into a computer, many of which
involve using an input device. An input device is any hardware component that allows you
to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device. The following sections
discuss common input methods.

 Keyboards A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device. All desktop keyboards have a typing area that includes
letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys. Some users
prefer a wireless keyboard because it eliminates the clutter of a cord.

 A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on
the screen called the pointer.

 Some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data instructions using voice
input and to capture live full-motion images using video input.

 A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a
form the computer can process

An output device is any hardware component that conveys information from a computer or
mobile device to one or more people

3
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3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

 A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium,
such as paper or other material

 A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as clothing, prosthetics, eyewear, implants,
toys, parts, prototypes, and more

 A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video
information

 Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music, voice, and other sounds
o Earbuds
o Headphones

Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and
the data needed by those instructions
 A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media
 A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
media

The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer

networks that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
 The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a
global library of information available to anyone
connected to the Internet
 The web consists of a worldwide collection of

4
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3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

electronic documents, each of which is called a webpage

 A website is a collection of related webpages
 A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer
 A browser is software that enables users with an Internet connection to access and
view webpages on a computer or mobile device
 A search engine is software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news,
maps, and other information related to a specific topic
 An online social network encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered users

It is important that users protect their computers and mobile devices from:

Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste
generated when using a computer. Green computing strategies include:
 Recycling
 Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features
 Regulating manufacturing processes
 Extending the life of computers
 Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Software, also called a program, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
 Types of Software
o System Software
 Operating system
 Utility program
o Application Software
 Installing a program is the process of setting up the program to
work with the computer, mobile device, printer, and/or other
hardware
 Once installed, you can run a program so that you can interact
with it
 You interact with a program through its user interface
 A software developer, sometimes called a developer or
programmer, is someone who develops programs and apps or
writes the instructions that direct the computer or mobile device

5
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Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

to process data into information

 In the course of a day, it is likely you use, or use information generated by, one or
more of these communications technologies

A communications device is hardware capable of transferring items from computers and

devices to transmission media and vice versa
 Examples of wireless communications technologies include:
 Wi-Fi
 Bluetooth
 Cellular radio

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media.
Home Networks
o Connect to the Internet
o Share a single high-speed Internet connection
o Access photos, music, videos, and other
content
o Share devices
o Play multiplayer games
o Connect game consoles to the Internet
o Subscribe to and use VoIP
o Interact with other devices in a smart home

 Business Networks
o Facilitate communications

6
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Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

o Share hardware
o Share data, information, and software

Technology Uses
 Education
 Government
 Finance
 Retail
 Entertainment
 Health Care
 Science
 Travel
 Publishing
 Manufacturing

Technology Users
 Home User
 Small/Home Office User
 Mobile User
 Power User
 Enterprise User

Self-Help: You can refer to the sources below to help you further
 Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell, J., & Frydenberg, M. (2016).
Discovering Computers 2016: Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact to Technology.
Cengage.

Let’s Check
Activity 1: Now that you know the most essential knowledge on the basic elements of a
computer system. Let us try to check your understanding of the lessons presented. Write T
for True and F for False in the space provided.

_____1. Electronic components in computers process data using instructions, which are the

steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task.

_____2. An all-in-one contains a separate tower.

_____3. Smartphones typically communicate wirelessly with other devices or computers.

7
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3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

_____4. Data conveys meaning to users, and information is a collection of unprocessed items,

which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.

_____5. A headset is a type of input device.

_____6. A scanner is a light-sensing output device.

_____7. Although some forms of memory are permanent, most memory keeps data and

instructions temporarily, meaning its contents are erased when the computer is turned off.

_____8. A solid-state drive contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use

magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information.

_____9. The terms, web and Internet, are interchangeable.

_____10. One way to protect your computer from malware is to scan any removable media

before using it.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1: Given the different scenarios below, provide your solutions. Support your
answers.

Scenario 1: Shopping for Software (10 points)

You are shopping for software that will assist you with your home’s interior design. The
package for the program you would like to purchase states that it was designed for the most
recent version of Windows, but an older version is installed on your computer. How can you
determine whether the program will run on your computer? Support your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Scenario 2: Trial Expired (10 points)

You have been using an app on your mobile device for a 30-day trial period. Now that the 30
days have expired, the app is requesting that you to pay to continue accessing your data.
What are your next steps? What steps could you have taken to preserve your data before the
trial period expired? Support your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

9
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Scenario 3: Discarding Old Computer Equipment (10 points)

Your company has given you a new laptop to replace your current, outdated desktop.
Because of the negative environmental impact of discarding the old computer in the trash,
your supervisor asked you to suggest options for its disposal. How will you respond? Support
your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

10
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

In a Nutshell

Activity 1. Based from the definition of the most essential terms and the learning exercises
that you have done, please feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

11
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

4. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Question and Answer List

Do you have any questions for clarification?

Questions/Issues Answers
1.

Keywords Index

Computer Memory Network

Input Device Internet Keyboard

Output Device Green Computing Pointing Device

Communication Device Software Scanner

12
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

Printer Display Speakers

Web Website Web Server

Browser Search Engine Online Social Network

Self-Help: You can refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson.

 Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell, J., & Frydenberg, M. (2016).
Discovering Computers 2016: Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact to Technology.
Cengage.

___________________________________________________________________________

_________________

Scenario 3: Incompatible App (10 points)

You are using your Android tablet to browse for apps in the Google Play store. You found an
app you want to download, but you are unable to download it because a message states it is
incompatible with your device. Why might the app be incompatible with your device?
Support your answer.

___________________________________________________________________________

13
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116

___________________________________________________________________________

In a Nutshell

Activity 1. Based from the definition of the most essential terms and the learning exercises
that you have done, please feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

14
College of Computing Education
3rd Floor, DPT Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 116