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    Paper is a thin sheet material produced from cellulose fibers derived mainly from wood. It is made through a mechanical and chemical process of processing fibers into a water suspension, draining water through a fine mesh to evenly distribute fibers, pressing and drying the fibers into a sheet. Paper has many uses including printing, packaging, writing, and more. The modern paper industry is global with China as the largest producer and the United States as the second largest.

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    Paper: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

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    17 views3 pages
    Paper is a thin sheet material produced from cellulose fibers derived mainly from wood. It is made through a mechanical and chemical process of processing fibers into a water suspension, draining water through a fine mesh to evenly distribute fibers, pressing and drying the fibers into a sheet. Paper has many uses including printing, packaging, writing, and more. The modern paper industry is global with China as the largest producer and the United States as the second largest.

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    Paper is a thin sheet material produced from cellulose fibers derived mainly from wood. It is made through a mechanical and chemical process of processing fibers into a water suspension, draining water through a fine mesh to evenly distribute fibers, pressing and drying the fibers into a sheet. Paper has many uses including printing, packaging, writing, and more. The modern paper industry is global with China as the largest producer and the United States as the second largest.

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    17 views3 pages

    Paper: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

    Uploaded by

    kate trisha
    Paper is a thin sheet material produced from cellulose fibers derived mainly from wood. It is made through a mechanical and chemical process of processing fibers into a water suspension, draining water through a fine mesh to evenly distribute fibers, pressing and drying the fibers into a sheet. Paper has many uses including printing, packaging, writing, and more. The modern paper industry is global with China as the largest producer and the United States as the second largest.

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    Paper

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    Jump to navigationJump to search
    For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation).

    Paper

    Paper products: book, toilet paper, ruled paper, carton, egg box

    Type Thin material

    Physical properties

    Density (ρ) From 10 gsm to 3000 gsm

    Paper

    "Paper" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters

    Traditional Chinese 紙

    Simplified Chinese 纸

    showTranscriptions
    Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically
    processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources
    in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the
    surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single
    sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10
    metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is
    a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging,
    decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation
    paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of
    industrial and construction processes.
    The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as
    105 CE,  by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological
    [1]

    fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China.  The modern pulp and
    [2]

    paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States
    following.

    Contents

     1History
     2Early sources of fibre
     3Etymology
     4Papermaking
    o 4.1Chemical pulping
    o 4.2Mechanical pulping
    o 4.3De-inked pulp
    o 4.4Additives
    o 4.5Producing paper
    o 4.6Finishing
     4.6.1Paper grain
     5Applications
     6Types, thickness and weight
     7Paper stability
     8Environmental impact
     9Future
     10See also
     11Citations
     12General references
     13Further reading
     14External links

    History
    Main article: History of paper
    Hemp wrapping paper, China, c. 100 BC

    The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern


    paper date to the 2nd century BCE in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed
    to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century CE Han court eunuch. [2]

    It has been said that knowledge of papermaking was passed to the Islamic world after
    the Battle of Talas in 751 CE when two Chinese papermakers were captured as
    prisoners. Although the veracity of this story is uncertain, paper started to be made
    in Samarkand soon after.  In the 13th century, the knowledge and uses of paper spread
    [3]

    from the Middle East to medieval Europe, where the first water-powered paper


    mills were built.  Because paper was introduced to the West through the city of
    [4]

    Baghdad, it was first called bagdatikos.  In the 19th century, industrialization greatly
    [5]

    reduced the cost of manufacturing paper. In 1844, the Canadian inventor Charles


    Fenerty and the Friedrich Gottlob Keller independently developed processes for pulping
    wood fibres. [6]

    Early sources of fibre


    See also: wood pulp and deinking
    Before the industrialisation of paper production the most common fibre source was
    recycled fibres from used textiles, called rags. The rags were
    from hemp, linen and cotton.  A process for removing printing inks from recycled
    [7]

    paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774.  Today this method is


    [7]

    called deinking. It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper
    production was not dependent on recycled materials from ragpickers. [7]

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