This spreadsheet was developed by Bill Gottesman of Precision Sundials LLC for noncommercial use.

This spreadsheet may

calculate times of Solstices and Equinoxes, Solar Noon, and Sun position as defined by time, altitude, or azimuth. Refraction o
not azimuth. In this spreadsheet, the term "True Altitude" means the effects of refraction have not been considered, and "Appa
have been estimated.

By using this spreadseet, the user agrees to hold Bill Gottesman and Precision Sundials LLC harmless for any errors in this sp
suffered from relying on the results given by this spreadsheet.

The formulas used are from Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd edition, by Jean Meeus. Most calculations are based on Chapter 25
accuracy" method which is reported to be accurate to 1/100th of a degree, or about 3 seconds of time.

Except for the light yellow "data input" boxes, each sheet is locked to prevent you from accidentally corrupting the calculations.
view the method for calculation, you can unlock any sheet by selecting Tools > Protection > Unlock sheet, and entering the pas
sheet. To view hidden calculations, select columns "D" through "O", and then Format > Cells > Number > General.

Dark yellow boxes contain labels for inputting data

Put your data in the light yellow boxes
Dark red boxes contain labels for results
Light red boxes contain values of results

Caution: The Azimuth and Altitude sheets use an iterative method which can introduce
Azimuth
minor errors near solar noon, solar midnight, and unpredictably at other times. For best
accuracy, do not rely on these results until they have been confirmed with the Position Calc. West
sheet, which uses a direct, non-iterative method.
Westward Azimuths
are positive
Unlock Password is "instructions" (+)

If Excel asks if it is OK to run Macros you must

say Yes for this spreadsheet to work
use. This spreadsheet may not be sold. Spreadsheet pages
ude, or azimuth. Refraction of the atmosphere affects altitude, but
been considered, and "Apparent Altitude" means effects of refraction

mless for any errors in this spreadsheet, and any for consequences

ns are based on Chapter 25, "Solar Coordinates," and use the "low
me.

y corrupting the calculations. If you would like to edit any sheet, or

k sheet, and entering the password given near the bottom of each
mber > General.

North

Azimuth Definition
West East

Westward Azimuths Eastward Azimuths

are positive are Negative
(+) (-)

South
Azimuth=0
Meeus, Chapt 27.
2007 Enter Year
-5 Enter Time Zone e.g. Enter -5 for Eastern Time Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany
Celestial Event Date & Time
Spring Equinox (DST) 3/20/07 8:08:28 PM
Summer Solstice (DST) 6/21/07 2:07:12 PM
Autumnal Equinox (DST) 9/23/07 5:52:05 AM
Winter Solstice 12/22/07 1:08:51 AM

Per Meeus, accurate to within 1 minute of VSOP87 theory. Starting in 2007, Spring Equinox occurs during DST in USA.

(Unlock Password is "equinox")

e Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany
Date & Tim Date & Time Date & Tim

Equinox occurs during DST in USA.

This sheet calculates times of Solar Noon for a given date and location.
Enter Time Zone -5 e.g. Enter -5 for Eastern Time Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany

Degrees or Deg:Min:Sec
Input Longitude -73.22 (Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)

#VALUE! Longitude #VALUE! (Confirms latitude both in degrees and degrees:minutes:secon

Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 10/8/2007

Daylignt Savings? yes (Type "yes" or "no")

Eot (Minutes:seconds) 12:25

Declination -5.9080967342845
Solar Noon #VALUE!

Unlock Password is "noon"

Eastern Time Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany

of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)

nfirms latitude both in degrees and degrees:minutes:seconds. West is negative)

 (Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA,
t is negative)
(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. U
(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)
This sheet calculates position of the sun at any given date and time.

Enter Time Zone -5 e.g. Enter -5 for Eastern Time Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany
Degrees or Deg:Min:Sec
Input Latitude: 44.476 (Southern Latitudes are negative)

Input Longitude -73.221 (Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)
Omega (nutation factor) Ω
#VALUE! Latitude #VALUE! (Confirms latitude and longitude both in degrees and degrees:minutes:seconds)
#VALUE! Longitude #VALUE!
5/1/1932 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) T Julian Centuries Lo Mean Long
21:05:00 Enter Time (HH:MM:SS)
yes Daylignt Savings?: Type "Yes" or "No"
15.263411995809 Declination
#VALUE! Solar Time
03:02 EoT (minutes:seconds) North
#VALUE! Theta in Degrees
Sun's Azimuth #VALUE! #VALUE!
True (Celestial) Altitude
of sun
Apparent (Refracted)
#VALUE! #VALUE! Azimuth Definition
Altitude of sun #VALUE! #VALUE! West East

Westward Azimuths Eastward Azimuths

are positive are Negative
(Unlock Password is "position") (+) (-)

South
Azimuth=0
Omega (nutation factor) Ω

M Mean Anomaly
Equation of Center (C) True Longitude () εo Obliquity of Ecliptic

εapp epsilon apparant

λ Lambda apparent longitude δapp Declination apparent αapp RA apparent
This sheet calculates the time and azimuth for a given date and altitude the sun. You can enter True or Apparent altitude.
Enter Time Zone -5 e.g. Enter -5 for Eastern Time Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany
Degrees or Deg:Min:Sec
Input Latitude: 44.476 (Southern Latitudes are negative)

Input Longitude -73.221 (Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)

#VALUE! Latitude #VALUE! (Confirms latitude and longitude both in degrees and degre
#VALUE! Longitude #VALUE!

5/31/2008 Date (MM/DD/YYYY)

yes Daylignt Savings?: Type "Yes" or "No"
7.889660254136 True (Celestial) Altitude in degs (Entering an True Altitude automatically adjusts
8 Apparent (Refracted) Altitude the Apparant Altitude, and vice-verca)

Caution: This Altitude sheet uses an iterative method which can introduce minor errors near solar noon, solar midnight, and
unpredictably at other times. For best accuracy, do not rely on these results until they have been confirmed with the Position
#VALUE!
Calc. sheet, which uses a direct, non-iterative method. #VALUE!

The sun reaches a given altitude twice a day (but only once for solar
noon and solar midnight). Some altitudes are never reached in a
given day.

AM PM
#VALUE! Declination (degs) #VALUE!
#VALUE! Azimuth (degs) #VALUE!
#VALUE! Civil Time #VALUE!
#VALUE! EoT (minutes:seconds) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
Unlock Password is "altitude" #VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
can enter True or Apparent altitude.
; 0 for London; +1 for Germany

. USA, are negative)

(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA,
nd longitude both in degrees and degrees:minutes:seconds)

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

cally adjusts

the Apparant Altitude, and vice-verca)

near solar noon,the Apparant
solar Altitude,
midnight, and and vice-verca)North
have been confirmed with the Position
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Azimuth Definition #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
West #VALUE!
East #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Westward Azimuths Eastward Azimuths

are positive are Negative
(+) (-)

#VALUE! South
#VALUE! Azimuth=0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. U

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
This sheet calculates the time and altitude for a given date and azimuth the sun.
Enter Time Zone -5 e.g. Enter -5 for Eastern Time Zone; 0 for London; +1 for Germany
Degrees or Deg:Min:Sec
Input Latitude: 45 (Southern Latitudes are negative)

Input Longitude -73.22 (Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)

#VALUE! Latitude #VALUE! (Confirms latitude and longitude both in degrees and degrees:mi
#VALUE! Longitude #VALUE!
10/8/2007 Date (MM/DD/YYYY)

yes Daylignt Savings?: Type "Yes" or "No"

0 Azimuth in degs

Caution: This Azimuth sheet uses an iterative method which can introduce minor errors near solar noon, solar
midnight, and unpredictably at other times. For best accuracy, do not rely on these results until they have been
confirmed with the Position Calc. sheet, which uses a direct, non-iterative method. #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

The sun is at this azimuth once, twice, or never

on a given day, depending on date and location
on a given day
Time 1 Time 2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
------------- Declination (degs) ------------- #VALUE!
------------- True Altitude (degs) -------------
------------- Civil Time -------------
------------- EoT (minutes:seconds) ------------- -------------
-------------
Unlock Password is "azimuth" #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
e; 0 for London; +1 for Germany

g. USA, are negative)

(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA,
nd longitude both in degrees and degrees:minutes:seconds)

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

zimuth
errorsinnear
degssolar noon, solar
se results untilAzimuth in degs
they have been North Azimuth in degs
d. #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Azimuth Definition
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

on a given day, depending

West on date and location on a given day, depending on date and loc
East
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! Westward#VALUE!
Azimuths Eastward Azimuths
#VALUE! #VALUE!
are positive are Negative
#VALUE!(+) #VALUE! (-) #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! South #VALUE!

#VALUE! Azimuth=0 #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. U

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Azimuth in degs Azimuth in degs

#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

on a given day, depending on date and location on a given day, depending on date and
#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(Longitudes west of Greenwich, e.g. USA, are negative)

Azimuth in degs
#VALUE!

on a given day, depending on date and location

#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
True (Celestial) Altitude in Apparent (refracted) Difference due to refraction
degrees Altitude in degrees In D:M:S (in degrees) In D:M:S:
0.5 0.916731814803455 0:55:00 0.416731814803455 0:25:00

Apparent (refracted) True (Celestial) Altitude in Difference due to refraction

Altitude in degrees degrees In D:M:S (in degrees) In D:M:S:
1 0.594514623613858 0:35:40 0.405485376386142 0:24:19

Unlock Password is "refraction"