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    Acceptance Criteria Boiler (API 573)

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    Nur Achmad Busairi
    This document provides recommendations for inspecting and accepting fired boilers and heaters based on deterioration mechanisms. It lists common deterioration mechanisms like creep, thinning from oxidation or erosion, and associated inspection techniques and typical acceptance criteria. For example, creep bulging in tubes should be inspected via strapping, gauging, or circumference shadows and have a maximum 1-5% growth. The goal is to predict issues and ensure minimum tube thicknesses are met to prevent failures.

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    Acceptance Criteria Boiler (API 573)

    Uploaded by

    Nur Achmad Busairi
    578 views1 page
    This document provides recommendations for inspecting and accepting fired boilers and heaters based on deterioration mechanisms. It lists common deterioration mechanisms like creep, thinning from oxidation or erosion, and associated inspection techniques and typical acceptance criteria. For example, creep bulging in tubes should be inspected via strapping, gauging, or circumference shadows and have a maximum 1-5% growth. The goal is to predict issues and ensure minimum tube thicknesses are met to prevent failures.

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    API 573

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    This document provides recommendations for inspecting and accepting fired boilers and heaters based on deterioration mechanisms. It lists common deterioration mechanisms like creep, thinning from oxidation or erosion, and associated inspection techniques and typical acceptance criteria. For example, creep bulging in tubes should be inspected via strapping, gauging, or circumference shadows and have a maximum 1-5% growth. The goal is to predict issues and ensure minimum tube thicknesses are met to prevent failures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    578 views1 page

    Acceptance Criteria Boiler (API 573)

    Uploaded by

    Nur Achmad Busairi
    This document provides recommendations for inspecting and accepting fired boilers and heaters based on deterioration mechanisms. It lists common deterioration mechanisms like creep, thinning from oxidation or erosion, and associated inspection techniques and typical acceptance criteria. For example, creep bulging in tubes should be inspected via strapping, gauging, or circumference shadows and have a maximum 1-5% growth. The goal is to predict issues and ensure minimum tube thicknesses are met to prevent failures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    INSPECTION OF FIRED BOILERS AND HEATERS 27

    Table 3—Recommended Inspection and Acceptance Criteria for Deterioration Mechanisms


    Deterioration Mechanism Manifestation Inspection Technique Typcial Acceptance Criteria Prevention Methods
    Creep/Stress Rupture Bulge in tube Strapping Maximum 1% – 5% Reduce operating metal temper-
    Gauging growth. ature and/or operating stresses.
    Circumference
    Shadows from flashlight
    Creep Bulge in tube In-situ metallography No defined criteria. Assess Reduce operating metal temper-
    significance and severity of ature and/or operating stresses.
    creep voids/cracks.
    Creep Tube sagging Measure amount of sag Maximum of 5 tube Review metal operating temper-
    (or Simple Yielding) (e.g., with straight edges) diameters. atures, tube support system.
    Metallurgical High hardness Hardness testing— Maximum 220 BHN for Prevent temperature excursions,
    Transformation of telebrinnel, Microdur Carbon steel and 280 BHN review burner operation/control
    Ferritic Materials for Cr-Mo. and process flow indicators.
    Polythionic Acid Stress Branched cracks Dye penetrant testing No defined criteria. Use stainless steel not
    Corrosion Cracking of Ultrasonic shearwave Can consider susceptible to PASCC.
    Austenitic Stainless steels Eddy current fitness-for-service analysis. Use preventive measures like
    soda ash washing. Refer to
    NACE RP 0170.
    Thinning—External General metal loss Ultrasonic thickness Predicted to be above Reduce tube metal temperatures;
    Oxidation gauging minimum required upgrade tube material with high
    thickness at next outage. oxidation resistance.
    Thinning—Erosion Localized metal loss Ultrasonic thickness Predicted to be above Review flow rates, review
    particularly at bends scanning minimum required process fluid composition,
    Profile radiography thickness at next outage. consider material upgrade.
    Thinning— General and localized Ultrasonic thickness Predicted to be above Review operating conditions
    Sulfidic Corrosion metal loss gauging minimum required such as concentration of sulfur
    Profile radiography thickness at next outage. compounds in process, metal
    temperatures. Consider material
    upgrade.
    Thinning—H2/H2S General metal loss Ultrasonic thickness Predicted to be above Review operating conditions
    gauging minimum required such as metal temperature and
    thickness at next outage. H2S concentration. Consider
    material upgrade.
    Thinning— Localized metal loss Ultrasonic thickness Predicted to be above Review organic acid species and
    Naphthenic acid Scanning minimum required concentration. Consider
    Profile radiography thickness at next outage. material upgrade.
    Metal Dusting/ Localized pitting/ Ultrasonic thickness Predicted to be above Review operating temperature
    Carburization grooving scanning minimum required and process conditions.
    Profile radiography thickness at next outage. Consider material upgrade.

    Tubes should be inspected externally for the following Figures 18 and 19 show examples of the bulging that may
    conditions: occur in tubes, Figure 20 shows an example of scaled tubes,
    Figure 21 shows an example of an oxidized tube, and Figure
    a. Sagging or bowing.
    22 shows an example of a split tube. Figure 23 shows exam-
    b. Bulging. ples of the external tube corrosion that may occur during a
    c. Oxidation or scaling. short shutdown period on a heater that has been fired with a
    d. Cracking or splitting. fuel of high sulfur content.
    e. External corrosion. Because of the arrangement of the tubes and refractory
    f. External deposits. walls, visual inspection of the external surfaces of the tube is
    g. External pitting. usually restricted to the fireside of the radiant tubes. Special
    h. Leaking rolls. attention should be given to the following locations:
    Fittings should be inspected externally for the following a. Welds.
    conditions: b. In vertical heaters, the area from the firebox floor to
    approximately 20 ft (6 m) above the firebox floor.
    a. Damage or distortion.
    b. Corrosion.

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