Pearl Irene Joy G.

Nilo 10- Agoho

SCIENCE

4TH QUARTER

WEEK 7

Learning Task 1: Race to the Finish Line

Guide Questions:

1. What causes a chemical reaction?

Chemical reactions happen when two substances come together. Technically, a chemical
reaction happens with pretty much any two substances coming together. For example, if you took a
bottle of water, added a bit of food coloring to it and waited, the food coloring would “react” with the
water and eventually cause the water to become colored. (Rearrangement/ regrouping of atoms
causes chemical reaction)

2. What must happen for a chemical reaction to take place?

In order for a chemical reaction to take place, the reactants must collide. The collision
between the molecules in a chemical reaction provides the kinetic energy needed to break the
necessary bonds so that new bonds can be formed.( For a chemical reaction to take place, there must
be effective collision of atoms/molecules.)

3. Describe fruitful/ effective collision resulting to formation of products.

A fruitful or effective collision that results to the creation of products occur when molecules
collide with each other having sufficient energy that creates a reaction. (There must be sufficient
energy and molecules should be properly oriented when they collide)

Learning Task 2

Write TRUE on the space provided if the statement is correct. Correct the underlined word, if the
statement is false.

TRUE 1. Catalysts speed up the chemical reactions but are not changed by them.

FALSE 2. Heat, light or change in odor can indicate a physical change.-CHEMICAL CHANGE

TRUE 3. Activation energy is the minimum energy required for reactions to start.

FALSE 4. Low temperature speeds up reaction rates.-HIGH/INCREASING

TRUE 5. A low concentration of chemicals slows reaction rate.

Learning Task 4.

Explain how the factors affect rates of chemical reactions.

The factors affecting reaction rate can be explained using the following way:

a) Particle size or Surface Area

Smaller particles size have bigger surface area. Bigger surface area means bigger exposed portions of a
solid which are available points of contact between reactants. (Breaking a large piece of a substance
into smaller parts increases the surface area. All the inner materials have no surface when it is inside
the large piece. Each time a large piece is broken however, more surface is exposed. The amount of
the material does not change but breaking it into smaller parts increases its surface area.)

b) Temperature

The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction. At higher temperature, atoms have
higher kinetic energy, making the particles move faster and therefore increases the chance for the
particles to come in contact with each other.

c) Catalyst

The presence of catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction. A catalyst provides an energy pathway
needed to start a reaction, therefore increasing the reaction rate.

d) Concentration

The higher the concentration, the faster the rate of reaction. Concentration is a measure of the
number of particles in a given volume. A higher concentration means greater number of possible
effective collisions among molecules resulting to faster rate of reaction.

V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 1 day)

(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Pearl Irene Joy G. Nilo 10- Agoho

SCIENCE

4TH QUARTER

WEEK 7

Learning Task 4.

Explain how the factors affect rates of chemical reactions.

A 1. It explains how collision between reactant molecules may or may not result in a successful chemical
reaction.

a. Collision Theory c. Evolution Theory

b. Tension Theory d. Plate tectonic theory

C 2. The following are the factors affecting reaction rate except_______.

a. Temperature c. surface area

b. Catalysts d. Stress

A 3. The higher the temperature, the ______ the reaction rate.

a. Higher c. both

b. Lower d. none of the above

B 4. These are substances that speed up a reaction

a. Temperature c. surface area

b. Catalysts d. concentration/ pressure

B 5. Catalyst _________ the activation energy and it provides an alternative pathway.

a. Increases c. both

b. Decreases d. none of the above

REFLECTION

I understand that a chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, also called
reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, known as products. ... A chemical
reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.

I realize that chemical reactions help us understand the properties of matter. By studying the
way a sample interacts with other matter, we can learn its chemical properties. These properties can
be used to identify an unknown specimen or to predict how different types of matter might react with
each other.
 I need to learn more about chemical reactions and how they break and form bonds between
atoms.

WEEK 8

Learning Task 1. Making Connections.

1. Analysis of set of pictures linking to acid rain.

a. What effect does acid rain has on limestone or marble statues?

When sulfurous, sulfuric, and nitric acids in polluted

air and rain react with the calcite in marble and limestone,

the calcite dissolves. In exposed areas of buildings and statues,

we see roughened surfaces, removal of material, and loss of

carved details. Stone surface material may be lost all over or

only in spots that are more reactive.

b. What effect does acid rain has on plant growth?

Acid rain and plant damage go hand in hand in areas

prone to this type of pollution, but the changes to a plant’s
environment and tissues are gradual. Eventually, a plant
exposed to acid rain will die, but unless your plants are
incredibly sensitive, the acid rain unusually potent and frequent or you’re a very bad gardener, the
damage is not fatal. The way that acid rain damages plants is very subtle. Over time, the acidic water
alters the pH of the soil where your plants are growing, binding and dissolving vital minerals and
carrying them away. As the soil pH falls, your plants will suffer increasingly obvious symptoms,
including yellowing between the veins on their leaves. Rain that falls on leaves can eat away the outer
waxy layer of tissue that protects the plant from drying out, leading to the destruction of the
chloroplasts that drive photosynthesis. When a lot of leaves are damaged at once, your plant may
become very stressed and attract a host of pests and diseases organisms.
D. Development (Time Frame: 1 day)

2 𝑁𝐻𝑂2 + 𝐻2𝑂 𝑁𝐻𝑂2 + 𝐻𝑁𝑂3

Nitrogen Dioxide + Water Nitrous Acid + Nitric Acid

Nitric Oxide 𝑁𝑂2, a product of combustion of gasoline in automobiles is one of the culprits in
the formation of acid rain. Referring to the equation above, analyze how nitric oxide converted to nitric
acid.

Nitric oxide reacts with the hydroperoxy radical (HO2•) to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which then can
react with a hydroxyl radical (•OH) to produce nitric acid (HNO3):

·NO + HO2•→ •NO2 + •OH

·NO2 + •OH → HNO3

Nitric acid, along with sulfuric acid, contributes to acid rain deposition.

Learning Task 2. Analyzing the issue.

1. What Natural processes can contribute to acid rain?

Some examples of natural processes that can contribute to acid rain are sulfur emissions from
volcanic eruption, and decaying vegetation.

Explanation: Acid rain can be caused by either natural processes or man-made processes. Natural
processes refer to interactions among animals, plants and other living organisms and natural
resources from the environment.

Examples of these interactions are the following:

 Pollination
 Photosynthesis
 Decomposition

Some examples of natural processes that can contribute to acid rain are sulfur emissions from
volcanic eruption, and decaying vegetation.

Volcanic eruption is considered as a natural process since volcano is an example of natural resource.
During this phenomenon, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is being emitted to the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide
released in the air will mix and react with water (if it rain). The acidic pollutant from this reaction will
be the acid rain.
Decaying vegetation in simple words is the decomposition of plants. An seen on the example above,
decomposition is considered also as natural interaction/ process. Decaying vegetation also releases
sulfur dioxide that causes acid rain.

Note: The other cause of acid rain is made-made; these are the activities made by humans that causes
air pollution. One good example is the use of car. Fossil fuels burned from using a car also releases
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. When these pollutants are released in the atmosphere, acid rain
will also be produced. For this question, natural processes is the one required not the made-made
causes.

2. How is acid rain produced?

Acid rain is caused by large-scale emission of acidic gases into the atmosphere from thermal
power plants, industries, and automobiles. The common ones are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides NOx,
volatile organic carbons VOCs and hydrogen chloride. NOx is also produced in the atmosphere through
lightning. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are changed in the atmosphere into sulfuric acid and
nitric acid by combining with oxygen and water.

3. What adverse effect can acid rain pose on living organisms and its environment?

Acid rain is undeniably harmful to living organisms, to the environment and even to non-living
things. Here are some of the adverse effects of acid rain to living organisms, environment, and non-
living things.

 Effects to Living Organisms

-To people, acid rain causes respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis and or chronic bronchitis and
etc.

-It also affects the breathing of humans due to the tiny particles in air which can be inhaled hence,
difficulty in breathing occurs.

-It can also damage the lungs of humans permanently

-It can destroy or kill plants like trees.

-It affects the food processing of the plants by weakening the process of photosynthesis

-It can kill marine life due to too much acidity it brings to the water. Too much acidity in water is
harmful to marine life.

 Effects to the Environment

-It dissolves the nutrients of the soil which are important minerals for trees and other plants.

-It increases acidity in different bodies of water

-Pollutes the air with harmful particles. Tiny particles that can affect the normal breathing of humans.

 Effects to Non-living Things

-It causes extensive damages to buildings, structures like statue, infrastructures like bridge and etc.

4. Who should be responsible for cleaning up the pollution problem?

It is the collective responsibility of every human to clean the environment and protect the
planet from further environmental degradation. All humans must be responsible for cleaning up the
pollution problem. Since we use the environment for our own needs and personal goals, it is just but
fair that we take care of it and maintain its cleanliness.

5. What measures are taken to address the problem?

Learning Task 3

1. Using any form of media, prepare a visual presentation of a chemical reaction involved in:

a. Food processing and preservation

b. Fire control

c. Corrosion control

d. Photochemical smog

e. Haber process

f. Catalytic converter

g. Car air bag

h. Formation of ozone layer in the stratosphere

i. Formation of acid rain.

2. Research on how the chemical reaction of the following poses useful or harmful effects to life and the
environment.

ChemiLearning Task 4.

Having known all chemical reactions that affect our environment, enumerate ways on how you can help
in preventing these
Ways on how we can help in preventing harmful effects of chemicals in our environment

1. Make Your Own Cleaning Products

It’s easy, fun, and cheap to make non-toxic cleaners from safe and effective ingredients like vinegar and
baking soda. Find recipes here. Or better yet, host a Green Cleaning Party to make these non-toxic
cleaners with friends in your community!

2. Avoid Fragrance

Shop for cleaners, laundry detergents, and personal care products labeled “fragrance-free” Warning:
“Unscented” does not always mean fragrance-free! Don’t use air fresheners.

3. Give Your Personal Care Products a Makeover

Read the label to avoid chemicals like parabens, sodium laureth sulfate, and oxybenzone. Use fewer
products, and use them less frequently to reduce exposures.

4. Go “BPA-Free”

Ditch the canned foods when possible and opt for fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables instead.

Look for products packaged in glass or lined cardboard instead of cans.

Don’t take paper receipts at ATMS, grocery stores, etc. unless you really need them.

5. Quit the Quats

Reduce your use of disinfectant products.

Avoid antibacterial handsoaps, hand sanitizers and cleaning products which contain quaternary
ammonium compounds (quats). Check the front label and avoid products which contain ingredients that
include “…onium chloride” in their names, like Benzalkonium chloride.

6. Choose Alternatives to Plastics (where possible)

Use glass jars or ceramic bowls to store food.

Never microwave plastic. Wash plastics by hand – not in the dishwasher.

Avoid plastics with recycle symbols #3 (PVC), #6 (polystyrene), and #7 (other) which have greater
potential to leach toxics and are difficult to recycle.

7. Keep Harmful Chemicals Out of the House

Take of your shoes before entering your house to avoid tracking in oils and chemicals from the street
outside.

Use a door mat to catch dirt at the door.

Dust with a micro-fiber cloth or wet cloth and vacuum your house regularly (with a HEPA-filter vaccuum
if you can).

8. Turn Down the Heat on Non-Stick Cookware

Keep the stove at or below medium heat when using Teflon or non-stick cookware.

Opt for cast iron or stainless steel pans for cooking when possible.

9. Ditch the Air Fresheners

Eliminate odor – Identify the smell and eliminate or prevent it.

Open a window – Ventilating your home with outdoor air has been shown to reduce symptoms
associated with asthma, allergies and infections.

Set out a bouquet of fresh or dried flowers to add a floral scent to your home.

Simmer herbs or spices on the stove. Try seasonal alternatives like pine cones, pine needles, or
cinnamon.

(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

A 1. It leads the significant destruction in our environment

a. Acid rain c. Oxygen cycle

b. Water Cycle d. Hydrogen cycle

A 2. The following are the causes of acid rain except _________________.

a. Reforestation c. Automobiles

b. Pollution d. increase of CO2

A 3. It is the substance that must be added top Nitrogen oxide to produce nitric acid.

a. water c. Chlorine

b. hydrogen peroxide d. none of the above

A 4.. Nitric acid and ______________ are the product of nitrogen oxide and water

a. Nitrous Acid c. Sulfuric acid

b. Citric acid d. All of the above

A 5. Acid rain causes the pH of bodies of water to______________.

a. Decreases c. both

b. Increases d. none of the above