English 4u Grammar Book 2

ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning
GRAMMAR BOOK 2
Intermediate level
Table of Contents
1. Some or any
2. Past simple
3. Simple future tense
4. Going to Future
5. Comparison of adjectives
6. Prepositions of place
7. Prepositions of time
8. Adjective or adverb
9. Possessive pronouns
10. Present perfect simple
11. Present perfect with for and since
12. Present perfect or past tense
13. Past progressive
14. Past simple or progressive
15. Relative clauses
16. Modal verbs (can, may, must)
17. Conjunctions
18. Reflexive Pronouns
19. Verbs with no progressive form
20. Irregular verbs list
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SOME – ANY
We use some und any with uncountable things or when we cannot specify or do not need or want
to specify a number or an exact amount.
SOME 1. In sentences when you expect a positive answer and with demands.
Examples: I bought some very nice postcards. Give me some orange juice, please.
2. In polite questions or requests or if we expect the answer "YES".
Examples: Would you like some more coffee? Do we have some time to go to the
cinema?
ANY 1. In questions Have you got any blue shoes?
2. In negations No, I haven't got any.
3. In conditional clauses If I had any, I would wear them.
Compound uses of some and any:
We can combine some and any with other words:
Something – anything
Somewhere – anywhere
Someone – anyone
Somebody – anybody
Examples:
Is someone at home?
I would like to go somewhere this summer.
We don’t have anything to eat.

SOME OR ANY
Fill in some or any into the gaps.
1. I'm going to buy posters.
2. They didn't have hair clasps.
3. There aren't shops in this part of the town.
4. Have you got brothers or sisters? No, I haven’t.
5. There are beautiful leather jackets in the shop window.
6. I haven't got stamps, but Ann has got .
7. I can pay. I've got money.
8. Are there letters for me this morning? No, there aren't.
9. We saw punks in Hyde Park.
10. Do you know good hotels in London?
11. Would you like tea? Yes, please.
12. We haven't got bread. I am going to buy .
13. When we were in London, we visited very interesting places.
14. If I had sweets, I would give you .
15. I went out to buy milk, but they didn't have in the shop.
16. Sorry, we’re late. We had problems with the car.
17. Why isn’t the radio working? Are there batteries in it?
18. Would you like cheese? No, thank you. I’m not hungry
more.
19. Everybody was standing because there weren’t chairs in the hall.
20. I can’t buy you a drink. I haven’t got money.

SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 1
Fill in some – any – something – anything – someone – anyone - somewhere.
1. Tell me exciting.
2. There wasn’t who was angry.
3. She started to do experiments.
4. There isn’t milk in the bottle.
5. I didn’t say .
6. I don’t have time for you.
7. Did you do sports?
8. He sometimes has good ideas.
9. I haven’t got money left.
10. Does know the answer?
11. helped them.
12. I think gave me some wrong information.
13. I haven’t done diving yet.
14. He didn’t have ideas.
15. There wasn’t on the beach.
16. was wrong with the car.
17. They live near the shopping mall.
18. After time he began to play better.
19. She wanted to do to help them.
20. I think had made a mistake.

Fill in some – any – something – anything – someone – anyone.
1. We had to look for else.
2. They didn’t like to eat.
3. There’s at the door.
4. We don’t have news for her.
5. Was there at the door?
6. I think made a mistake.
7. We didn’t find useful in the house.
8. There wasn’t in the woods.
9. I’ve really good friends.
10. Tom hasn’t done madness skiing yet.
11. There isn’t soup in the bowl.
12. Why aren’t there children in the classroom?
13. I can hear .
14. There is at the door.
15. He usually does his homework without help.
16. Would you like more orange juice?
17. There was hardly rain last month.
18. It’s easy. Almost can do it.
19. We have cake left from yesterday.
20. I have never met as friendly as her.

Fill in something / anything – somebody / anybody – somewhere / anywhere.
1. She said , but I didn't understand .
2. Has found my blue pencil? No, I'm sorry.
3. Would help me, please? Yes, I can help you.
4. Have you got to eat? No, I haven't.
5. Tom, can you give me to drink, please?
6. Is there in the house? No, it's deserted.
7. Do you know about London transport? No, I don't.
8. What's wrong? There's in my eye.
9. Do you like to drink? Yes, please.
10. has broken the window. I don't know who.
11. He didn’t tell me .
12. Have you seen my key? I can't find it .
13. I’m looking for my keys. Has seen them? No, I'm sorry.
14. Teach me exciting.
15. I didn’t eat because I wasn’t hungry.
16. Dad, can we go on Sunday? Yes, what about going to the zoo?
17. He lives near the city centre.
18. Where’s Dad? – In the garage. He is repairing .
19. She wanted to do to help me.
20. Sorry, I can’t see . It’s too dark.

Fill in some or any - something or anything - someone or anyone.
1. Look, there is sitting under the tree.
2. The children want to have crisps for their party, but we don’t have
3. I can’t find my bag. – Is there in it? – Yes, of course,
popcorn, chocolate but not money.
4. Where is Tom? - He is at the shop. He is buying for lunch.
5. I’d like milk for breakfast. - Sorry, but we haven’t got
milk. But you can have orange juice.
6. Yesterday I found a box in the street. - Was there in it? - Yes, there were
old magazines in it.
7. Look, there is someone in the garden. - Where? I can’t see .
8. I didn’t need to help me.
9. She bought new skirts.
10. He never does homework.
11. We have to eat for dinner.
12. I cannot hear because it’s too loud.
13. I have questions.
14. There wasn't at home.
15. broke the window.
16. He didn't want to eat .
17. Would you like tea?
18. I haven't got more questions.
19. I saw at the window.
20. I saw them minutes ago.

PAST SIMPLE
We use the past tense to talk about something that happened in the past.
Regular verbs
How to form: Infinitive (=1st form) + ed = 2nd form
Examples: walk + ed walked

laugh + ed laughed
want + ed wanted
Note: cry / carry cried / carried y i

love / hope loved / hoped Add only a “d” if there is an “e” at the end of the
word
stop / drop stopped / dropped if you speak a short vowel → doubling
Key words: yesterday, last week (month, Monday, October...), in 1984, ago
Irregular verbs
1st form 2nd form 1st form 2nd form

am, is was do did
are were take took
get got find found
go went run ran
see saw tell told
Negation: How to form: didn't (= did not) + infinitive
He didn't go to her last party.

They didn't like his story.
BUT: was not (wasn't), were not (weren't), could not (couldn't)
Question: How to form: did + infinitive
Did he go to her last party?

Did they like his story?
BUT: Was he angry? Were they late? Could they swim?

PAST SIMPLE 1
Put the sentences into past tense.
1. She wins the money. She the money.
2. They can eat. They eat.
3. She must go. She go.
4. We go shopping. We shopping.
5. She runs to school. She to school.
6. I can walk. I walk.
7. We buy a new car. We a new car.
8. They leave the party. They the party.
9. We collect coins. We coins.
10. You are allowed to eat. You allowed to eat.
11. Peter eats a hamburger. Peter a hamburger.
12. She has to wash it. She to wash it.
13. They want to go home. They to go home.
14. I close the windows. I the windows.
15. She studies for a test. She for a test.
16. They can drive. They drive.
17. Sam likes to laugh. Sam to laugh.
18. Mary goes home. Mary home.
19. We write a letter. We a letter.
20. She opens the window. She the window.

PAST SIMPLE 2
1. Fill in the past simple tense to tell the story.
On Friday, the children (talk) about a day out together in the country. The next
morning, they (go) to the country with their two dogs and
(play) together. Ben and Dave (have) some kites. Some time later the dogs
(be) not there. So they (call) them and
(look) for them in the forest. After half an hour the children (find) them and
(take) them back. Charlie (be) very happy to see them
again. At lunch time Nick (go) to the bikes and (fetch) the
basket with some meat sandwiches. Then they (play) football. Nick and Dave
(win). In the evening they (ride) home.
2. Fill in the correct simple past forms into the text.
The pupils of class 8B (do) a project last week. First the pupils
(choose) what they wanted to do. Then they (get)
information from books and brochures, and they (talk) to a lot of people. They
(find) some interesting photos in the library. Their teacher
(help) them when they (ask) her. Then they (make) a
poster and a video, and (tell) the other groups about their project.
3. A project about Cornwall. Fill in the correct word in the past simple.
arrange • bring • choose • decide • find • get • go • say • start
Last month Jenny, Nick and Ben to do a project together. They

Cornwall. First Jenny to a travel agency and
some brochures. Nick and Ben some interesting books in
the library. Then they working. A week later they all their
material to school and it on a poster. ”Your presentation is
interesting“, Miss Hunt.

PAST SIMPLE NEGATION 1
Use the first verb and write down the past simple negation.
1. Paula wrote back. Paula back.
2. We arrived late. We late.
3. He played football. He football.
4. I forgot her birthday. I her birthday.
5. He washed the car. He the car.
6. She hurt her leg. She her leg.
7. Sam was tired. Sam tired.
8. I found the keys. I the keys.
9. She tidied her room. She her room.
10. He jumped high. He high.
11. He drove very fast. He very fast.
12. Nicole found her ring. Nicole her ring.
13. They watched TV. They TV.
14. We met Sally, but we Frank.
15. He was in town. He in town.
16. She made breakfast, but she lunch.
17. He bought jeans, but he any T-shirts.
18. She liked Chris, but she Robert.
19. She talked to us, but she to Mr Brown.
20. They played tennis, but they football.

PAST SIMPLE NEGATION 2
Use the first verb and write down the past simple negation.
1. They were at the party yesterday. They at the party yesterday.
2. Martin visited his grandparents. Martin his grandparents.
3. Steve left the hotel three days ago. Steve the hotel.
4. She was in Italy last summer. She in Italy last summer.
5. They went to work by train. They to work by train.
6. Daniel opened a new restaurant. Daniel a new restaurant.
7. We saw Bill last Saturday. We Bill yesterday evening.
8. They did their English homework, but they their maths
homework.
9. Mr Brown read my essay. Mr Brown my essay.
10. I ordered a bacon sandwich. I ham and eggs.
11. The twins were at the party. The twins at the party.
12. The girls visited the Tower, but they Westminster Abbey.
13. We watched the news, but we the weather report.
14. We read chapter 1 to 4, but we the last chapter.
15. They were in Boston, but they in New York.
16. Paula sang well, but Christina well.
17. We gave her an expensive watch. We her an expensive watch.
18. They invited Linda to their party, but they Carol.
19. She got up early but he early.
20. We worked last Tuesday, but we last Monday.

PAST TENSE - NEGATION & QUESTION 1
Write down the negation.
1. She came to my party.
2. The weather was nice.
3. He wrote an email.
4. They came home late.
5. He ran fast.
6. She bought a new car.
7. They were angry.
8. She found her ring.
9. He was late.
10. They sang beautifully.
Form questions.
1. She went to the cinema yesterday. → and you?
to the cinema yesterday?
2. I was late last Monday. → and you?
late last Monday?
3. He was at home yesterday evening. → and Pam?
4. She learned for the test. → and you?
5. Linda got up early. → and you?
6. I watched TV yesterday → and you?

PAST TENSE - NEGATION & QUESTION 2
Write down the negation.
1. He came back in the night.
2. They went to the cinema.
3. He collected a lot of coins.
4. He watched TV yesterday.
5. She had breakfast yesterday.
6. They played in the park.
7. She called her grandma.
8. They met him yesterday.
9. He learned for the test.
10. They made a lot of noise.
Form questions.
1. He went shopping yesterday. → and you?
shopping yesterday?
2. He drove to London yesterday. → and you?
to London yesterday?
3. They wrote a postcard. → and you?
4. They stayed there for a long time. → and Paul?
5. Bill got a good mark. → and Sam?
6. He swam very fast → and your brother?

PAST TENSE – NEGATION & QUESTION 3
Write down negations (N) and questions (Q).
1. She met him at my party. N:
Q:
2. It was sunny last week. N:
Q:
3. He phoned me yesterday. N:
Q:
4. They read a book. N:
Q:
5. He did his homework. N:
Q:
6. She helped me a lot. N:
Q:
7. He was scared. N:
Q:
8. They left in the afternoon. N:
Q:
9. Bill was hungry. N:
Q:
10. They ran to the church. N:
Q:
11. He visited his uncle. N:
Q:
12. Pam read a book. N:
Q:

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
How to form: will + infinitive Short form: will = 'll Negation: will not = won't
Key words: tomorrow, next week (month, year, summer, Monday, weekend...), in 2020...
Examples: I think I will meet her tomorrow.

I hope he will be back before 9.30.
I think I'll be there at five.
I’m sure she won’t come to our meeting.
How to use the going to future:
1. It is used to talk about future actions we can't influence or control.
2. It is used to foretell future actions or to express hopes, expectations, fears, offers, promises
and refusals.
Key words: I’m sure, I believe, I expect, I hope, I suppose, I think, I'm afraid, I wonder, I fear, I
worry, I promise, I guess or perhaps, possibly, surely, probably, maybe
3. It is used with I / we for spontaneous reactions or making promises.
THE “GOING TO” FUTURE

How to form: form of to be + going to + infinitive
Examples: I am going to play football with my friends.

He is going to finish his homework in the evening.
She is going to travel to New Zealand.
We are going to meet our friends in the park.
They are going to give a party next Saturday.
How to use the going to future:
1. It is used to talk about future things you intend to do, plan or decided to do.
Example: Did you know that Sarah is in hospital?

Yes, I’m going to visit her next month. (planned action »»» going to - future)
2. It is used to foretell future actions for which we have proofs that they are going to happen.

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 1
Fill in the will-future of the words in the box.
have – go – meet – visit – walk – have – buy – not be – have – be
Tomorrow a great day. In the morning I my

friend George. We around and we a look at
the shops. Maybe I new jeans. Then we
George’s uncle and play football in his garden. In the afternoon we to
the movies and then we dinner at the new fast – food place. We
back before ten o’clock. I think we a great day.
When I’m older I will .....
1. stay out late – When I’m older, I will stay out late.
2. watch TV as long as I like – When I’m older,
3. go to parties – When
4. have two children -
5. buy a car -
6. go to the cinema -
7. buy a lot of sweets -
When I’m older I won’t....
1. do any homework – When I’m older, I won’t do any homework.
2. make my bed in the morning -
3. go for a walk with my parents -
4. wash my father’s car -
5. go to school -
6. write so much -
7. live in my parent’s house -

THE “GOING TO” FUTURE 1
Fill in the “going to” future tense. Use the verbs in brackets.
1. I him tomorrow. (meet)
2. They to Dublin. (drive)
3. He to the football match. (go)
4. They promised that it tomorrow. (not rain)
5. She her aunt. (visit)
6. We a test. (write)
7. They them tea. (offer)
8. We have decided that we dinner at a restaurant. (not
have)
9. My friends their holidays in Wales. (spend)
10. My uncle a birthday present for Harry. (buy)
11. I the rabbits. (feed)
12. I studied a lot for the exam. I . (not fail)
13. My father his car. (wash)
14. Tom you with the homework. (help)
15. There a meeting at our school. (be)
16. He us in English next year. (not teach)
17. Winter holidays in the first week of February. (be)
18. I it for you. (repair)
19. They Japanese. (learn)
20. Eva told me that she him anymore. (not date)

SIMPLE FUTURE OR “GOING TO” FUTURE 1
Fill in the correct future tense – simple future tense or “going to” future.
1. The weather report said that it sunny tomorrow. (be)
2. They are hungry. I some milk and cornflakes for breakfast. (get)
3. We some money to his charity organization. (probably donate)
4. It's a beautiful day today. I think I to the beach today. (go)
5. I feel very tired. I to bed early. (possibly go)
6. I'm not sure if he enough money to buy a new car
next year. (have)
7. Tom, with us next Saturday? (you hike)
8. I think Susan in love with Mike. (fall)
9. John to his new CD all evening. (listen)
10. It's late. I hope we the bus. (not miss)
11. I think the police the burglars. (arrest)
12. the new words this time, Peter? (you learn)
13. Jane and Sue a present for mum's birthday. (buy)
14. I expect that you me with the dishes, Julie. (help)
15. Next summer we at a campsite near a lake. (probably stay)
16. We to Scotland this summer. (go)
17. I promise, I you tomorrow. (phone)
18. Maybe he any time next weekend. (not have)
19. She a baby next April. (have)
20. I hope the train delayed. (not be)

SIMPLE FUTURE OR “GOING TO” FUTURE 2
Fill in the correct future tense – simple future tense or “going to” future.
1. I guess they the exam. (pass)
2. The sky is cloudy and grey. It (rain)
3. When the weather is fine, we a picnic in our garden.
(probably have)
4. him for help? (you ask)
5. Susan the bathroom next weekend. (paint)
6. I’m sure he her name. (find out)
7. I a walk in the garden this evening. (take)
8. Let's hope that the wind away the clouds. (blow)
9. Mary a good mark because she has studied hard. (get)
10. Are you sure, you in a tent in your holidays? (sleep)
11. Peter his new bike in the park. (ride)
12. I think Jane me to her party. (invite)
13. I dad's car tomorrow afternoon. (wash)
14. Mum thinks dad home early tonight. (come)
15. It very cold in the mountains. Take a sweater with
you. (probably be)
16. We our bikes in the park. Can you come with us? (ride)
17. It's my birthday next Friday. Mum a cake. (bake)
18. I offered him this job. I think he it. (take)
19. They cards this evening. (play)
20. You don’t need an umbrella. It . (not rain)

THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Monosyllabic adjectives are compared with -er, -est.
positive comparative superlative

strong stronger strongest
small smaller smallest
late later latest
nice nicer nicest
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
fat fatter fattest
Disyllabic adjectives ending with y, er, ow, le are compared with -er, -est.

easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
clever cleverer cleverest
narrow narrower narrowest
All the other adjectives are compared with more, most.

careful more careful most careful
expensive more expensive most expensive
difficult more difficult most difficult
tired more tired most tired
terrible more terrible most terrible
Examples:
Paris is bigger than Vienna. London is the biggest city.

Which dress is more expensive? Which dress is the most expensive?
This exercise is easier than the first one. What is the easiest exercise?

Disyllabic adjectives which can be compared with -er, -est or more, most.

clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever
common commoner / more common commonest / most common
likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely
pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant
polite politer / more polite politest / most polite
quiet quieter / more quiet quietest / most quiet
simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple
stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid
subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest / most subtle
sure surer / more sure surest / most sure
Irregular forms

good better best
bad worse worst
much more most
many more most
little less least
(not) as ... as – telling that someone / something is the same.
Ann is as tall as Mary.

I think tomorrow it will be as hot as today.
This test was not as difficult as the last one.

THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 1
Fill in the missing forms.
bad
regular
exciting
happy
wonderful
narrow
clever
friendly
beautiful
clear
few
empty
good
famous
little
popular
strong

Fill in the missing forms.
bad worse worst
regular more regular most regular
exciting more exciting most exciting
happy happier happiest
wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
narrow narrower narrowest
clever more clever / cleverer most clever / cleverest
friendly friendlier friendliest
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
clear clearer clearest
few fewer fewest
empty emptier emptiest
good better best
famous more famous most famous
little less least
popular more popular most popular
strong stronger strongest

Fill in the missing comparative forms of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Sue’s car isn’t very big. She wants a car. (big)
2. This house isn’t very modern. I like houses. (modern)
3. You’re not very tall. Your brother is (tall)
4. Bill doesn’t work very hard. I work . (hard)
5. My chair isn’t very comfortable. Your chair is . (comfortable)
6. Jill’s idea wasn’t very good. My idea was . (good)
7. These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are . (nice)
8. My case isn’t very heavy. Your case is . (heavy)
9. I’m not very interested in sports. I’m in reading. (interested)
10. It isn’t very warm today. Yesterday it was . (warm)
11. These tomatoes aren’t very good. The other ones taste . (good)
12. Ireland isn’t very big. France is . (big)
13. Liverpool isn’t very beautiful. London is . (beautiful)
14. This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a one? (sharp)
15. People today aren’t very polite. In the past they were . (polite)
16. Dad's car is much (fast) than mine.
17. I think scuba diving is (fascinating) than climbing.
18. His thirst grew (big) and (big).
19. He thinks this test was (difficult) than the last one.
20. This suitcase is (heavy) than the others.

Fill in the missing superlative forms of the adjectives in brackets.
1. The moon is the planet to earth. (close)
2. Jupiter is the planet in our solar system. (large)
3. Sirius is the star we can see from earth. (brilliant)
4. Venus is the planet in our solar system. (hot)
5. Ceres is the asteroid in our solar system. (big)
6. The Energya is the rocket. (powerful)
7. Karl Henize was the man in space. He was 58 years old. (old)
8. Saturn is the planet. (beautiful)
9. Venus is the planet in our solar system. (bright)
10. The Apollo project was the space programme. (expensive)
11. Mercury is the planet in our solar system. (small)
12. Romenko is the man in space. He spent over 420 days in space.
(experienced)
13. Pluto is the planet in our solar system. (cold)
14. Venus is the second object in the solar system. (bright)
15. Jupiter has the day of all planets. (short)
16. Uranus hits the temperatures of any planet. (cold)
17. Mercury is the planet in the solar system. (cratered)
18. Saturn has the rings in the solar system. (extensive)
19. The Uranian moon is Miranda. It has ice canyons and terraces.
(interesting)
20. With winds up to 1500 mph, Neptune has the winds recorded
in the solar system. (strong)

Fill in the missing forms of the adjectives in brackets – positive, comparative or superlative.
1. A cheetah is than a horse. (fast)
2. Susan’s hair is than Betty’s. (short)
3. The Mt Everest is the mountain. (high)
4. June is than May, but July is the . (hot)
5. Table tennis is than tennis. (easy)
6. Chinese is one of the languages. (difficult)
7. "Air Force One" is the film I have ever seen. (interesting)
8. No, I don’t think so. "Contact" is than "Air Force One". (interesting)
9. Hot dogs are than hamburgers. (good)
10. This is the chocolate cake I have ever eaten. (good)
11. Skiing is as as riding a bike. (easy)
12. Carol sings as as Mary. (beautiful)
13. Tennis is than skiing, but football is the
sport. (popular)
14. Detective films are as as western films. (boring)
15. No, I don’t think so! Romantic films are than western films,
but nature films are the films. (boring)
16. The United States are than Mexico, but Russia is the
country. (large)
17. A rat is than a mouse. (clever)
18. A canary is than an eagle. (colourful)
19. Peter is as as George. (smart)
20. January is usually as as February. (cold)

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
1) AT
• We use at for a point: at the window - at the entrance - at the door - at the end of the street -
at the station - at the top
Example: Bill is waiting for you at the bus stop.
• We say that someone is at an event: at a party - at a pop concert - at a conference - at a

meeting
Example: Tom is at a party.
• We say at with buildings when we say where the event (film, concert,...) takes place:
Example: Where were you yesterday? We were at the cinema.
• We say at someone's house:

Example: We were at Bill's house last Thursday.
• We say at for a place which is a part of our journey:

Example: We stopped at a very nice village.
Note these expressions:

at home - at work - at school - at university - at college - at the station - at an airport - at the
seaside - at sea (on a voyage) - at reception - at the corner of a street - at the back / front of a
building / cinema / group of people, etc. - arrive at with other places or events
2) ON
• We use on for a surface: on the wall - on the ceiling - on the floor - on a page - on a cover
Example: Have you seen the notice on the notice board?
• We use on with small islands:

Example: She spent her holiday on a small island.
• We say that a place is on the coast / on a river / on a road:

Example: Portsmouth is on the south coast of England.

on a farm - on the left - on the right - on the ground floor - on the first, second,... floor - on the
way - on the chair (sit) - on the radio - on television - on a horse - on the corner of a street - on the
back / front of a letter / piece of paper etc.

3) IN
• We use in for an enclosed space: in the garden - in the house - in London - in the water - in her
bag - in a row - in a town
Examples: There is nobody in the room. She lives in a small village.
• We say in when we talk about a building itself.

Example: The rooms in Tom's house are small.
• We usually say in with towns and villages:

Example: His parents live in York.

in the newspaper - in bed - in hospital - in prison - in the street - in the sky - in an armchair (sit) - in
a photograph - in a picture - in a mirror - in the corner of a room - in the back / front of a car -
arrive in a country or town
4) TO – INTO – BY
• We say go / come / travel / fly / walk / return / drive / have been etc. to a place or event:
Examples: Last year we flew to London. We went to work at seven.
• We say go into / come into etc. = enter a room / building etc.:

Example: He opened the door and went into the room.
• We say by to say how we travel:

Example: We went to Paris by plane. I usually go to work by bike / by car / by underground / by
bus
BUT:
• we say on foot
• we cannot use by if you say my car / the train / a taxi
• Then use in for taxis and cars.
• Then use on for bike / public transport.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 1
Fill in at, on or in.
1. The headquarters of the United Nations is New York.
2. In the most countries, people drive the right.
3. I usually buy a newspaper my way to work.
4. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday the Swiss Alps.
5. San Francisco is the west coast of the United States.
6. She spends most of the day sitting the window.
7. The report about the accident was the front page of the newspaper.
8. In the theatre we had seats the front row.
9. I saw Ken Dave's wedding.
10. It's dangerous to play football the streets.
11. I'll meet you at the corner of the street 10.
12. We got stuck in a traffic jam the way to the airport.
13. Look at the horses that field.
14. the end of the street is a path to our house.
15. Do you want sugar your coffee?
16. The exhibition the art gallery finished last Sunday.
17. She studied Paris for two weeks.
18. I saw Bill this morning. He was a bus which passed me.
19. Linda is a student Cambridge University.
20. Turn left the traffic lights.

Complete with at, on or in.
1. Her brother lives a small town the south coast of Spain.
2. The train arrives platform 3.
3. The sports results are the back page of the paper.
4. They got married Birmingham.
5. Vienna is the river Danube.
6. His office is the third floor.
7. What time did you arrive the hotel?
8. Tom is sitting an armchair.
9. The picture is the wall.
10. We meet the station at 7.
11. She was ill and stayed bed.
12. Are there any good films the cinema this week?
13. We went to see a play the National Theatre.
14. She is still hospital and recovers from her holiday.
15. We were sea for ten weeks.
16. Because of delay we had to wait for three hours the airport.
17. I didn't see her the party.
18. Write the name and address the front page of the envelope.
19. After some years he arrived back Scotland.
20. The train stopped every station.

Fill in at, on, in, to, into or by
1. I must go the bank today to change money.
2. The easiest way to go there is underground.
3. He was tired and went bed.
4. He has just returned France.
5. She arrived the airport at 6.
6. Have you ever been Ireland?
7. They got the car and drove off.
8. We drove the party Tom's car.
9. Get the train. It's going to leave.
10. The man chased by the police ran the shop.
11. The bird flew the room through the window.
12. He has never been a football match.
13. We usually go to work car.
14. We drove to the cinema a taxi.
15. They like to travel plane.
16. Does the train stop York?
17. When are you going Greece?
18. I missed the bus and had to go foot.
19. We decided not to go car.
20. What time did you arrive school?

Fill in to, at, on or in.
1. They were standing the corner of the street.
2. Are the kids still bed?
3. In her room there are a lot of paintings the wall.
4. He always goes work by bus.
5. The girls were playing the streets.
6. They love skiing the mountains.
7. Sam is studying Japanese university.
8. We saw some dolphins swimming the ocean.
9. The kids were swimming the lake.
10. The sandwiches are the table the kitchen.
11. There were several tourist boats the Thames.
12. I had to stand line for half an hour.
13. There are a lot of expensive shops Fifth Avenue.
14. We met the station yesterday evening.
15. There were dark clouds the sky.
16. They were stuck a traffic jam for hours.
17. She wasn’t home when I called her.
18. Come my house this evening.
19. Paula was the computer surfing the net.
20. He had an accident and is the hospital.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
1) AT
• We use at with times: at 5 o’clock - at 11.45 - at midnight - at lunchtime
Example: Tom usually gets up at 7 o’clock.
• We use at with these expressions: at night - at Christmas - at the moment / at present - at the
same time - at weekends - at the age of...
2) ON
• We use on with days and dates: on March 12th - on Friday(s) - on Friday morning(s) on Sunday
afternoon(s) - on Saturday night(s) on Christmas Day (but at Christmas)
Example: Her birthday is on a Tuesday this year. It’s on May 16th.
3) IN
• We use in for longer periods of time: in April - in 1986 - in winter - in the 19th century - in the
1970s - in the morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the evening(s)
Example: We usually go on holidays in August.
• In + a period of time = a time in the future.

Examples: Jack will be back in a week. The train will leave in a few minutes.
• In + how long it takes to do something:

Example: I learned to drive in four weeks.
4) DURING
• We use during + noun to say when something happens: during the film - during our holiday -
during the night
Examples: I fell asleep during the film. We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday.
5) UNTIL
• We use until/till to say how long a situation continues: during the film - during our holiday -
during the night
Examples: Let’s wait until it stops raining. I stayed in bed until half past nine.

6) FROM - TO
• We use from - to + beginning and end of a period:

Example: Last evening we watched TV from 5 to 8 o’ clock.
7) FOR
• We use for + a period of time: for six years - for two hours - for a week
Examples: I’ve lived in this house for six years. They have been watching TV for two hours.
8) SINCE
• We use since + a point in time: since April - since 1992 - since 8 o’ clock
Examples: It has been raining since one o’ clock. They’ve known each other since they were at
school.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 1
Fill in at, on, for, during or in.
1. The course begins 7 January and ends 10 March.
2. I went to bed midnight.
3. We arrived 5 o’ clock the morning.
4. Mozart was born in Salzburg 1756.
5. Are you doing anything special weekends?
6. Hurry up! We’ve to go five minutes.
7. I met him the evening.
8. He has lived in India two years.
9. I’ll phone you Tuesday morning about 10.
10. Tom’s grandmother died 1987 the age of 81.
11. Jack’s brother is out of work the moment.
12. The price of electricity is going up October.
13. I haven’t seen him Christmas.
14. Sunday afternoons I always get up late.
15. There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve.
16. I like walking around the town night.
17. Are you going to the cinema Friday night?
18. I’ve been waiting an hour.
19. Ann works hard the week, so she likes to relax weekends.
20. I’ve been invited to a wedding 14 February.

Fill in at, on, for, during, until, from-to or in.
1. I think I’ll have to work 7 o’ clock.
2. I suddenly felt ill the examination.
3. They were working in the garden 3 o’clock seven o’clock.
4. Carol got married 1994.
5. The book was easy to read. So I read it a day.
6. They have lived there 20 years.
7. We were at the party midnight.
8. They were at school 2 o’ clock.
9. I saw Ann Tuesday.
10. I did my homework the evening.
11. She started dancing 6 and now she’s a great star.
12. He learned driving a lorry three weeks.
13. He waited they were quiet.
14. summer he always goes jogging Sundays.
15. the age of twelve he wrote his first play.
16. We have to leave five minutes.
17. I’ve been waiting for her an hour.
18. He works hard the week, so he likes to relax weekends.
19. The prize of coffee is going up April.
20. I’ll be back half an hour.

Fill in on, at or in.
1. Can you help me the afternoon?
2. It gets cold night.
3. What are you going to do Saturday?
4. It often snows December.
5. They will be back ten minutes.
6. They are leaving the afternoon four o'clock.
7. I'll be back a moment.
8. Her birthday is 7th August.
9. We were in Australia 2006.
10. Let's meet again the weekend.
11. I have to get up early the morning.
12. They play chess Tuesday evenings.
13. I'm going on holiday two weeks.
14. He's always tired the end of the week.
15. I saw them 5:30 pm.
16. I'll call her the evening.
17. I watched a thrilling movie Friday.
18. I like going to the beach summer.
19. Let's meet again two days.
20. We don't have any plans Sunday.

ADJECTIVE – ADVERB
An adjective tells us more about a noun. Examples: an expensive car, a clever girl
An adverb tells us more about a verb. Example: He talked nervously.
THE ADVERB
Adjective + ly
sad sadly quiet quietly

nervous nervously soft softly
Adjectives ending in -y → ily
happy happily angry angrily
Adjectives ending in le → ly
terrible terribly capable capably
Adjectives ending in ly
friendly in a friendly way / manner daily daily

lively in a lively way / manner early early
lonely in a lonely way / manner monthly monthly
lovely in a lovely way / manner weekly weekly
silly in a silly way / manner yearly yearly
Irregular forms
good well low low

fast fast straight straight
hard hard extra extra
long long doubtless doubtless
Double forms (The adverbs have a different meaning)
hard hard hardly = kaum

near near nearly = beinahe
late late lately = in letzter Zeit

HOW TO USE THE ADVERB
Verb + adverb
The adverb describes a verb.
Examples: My friend drove us home carefully.

She could sell her house quickly.
The girls talked to each other quietly.
Adjective + adverb
The adverb describes an adjective.
Examples: Her necklace she bought in Paris was horribly expensive.

My brother was terribly sorry that he came late to the meeting.
That was an absolutely good experience for all of us.
Adverb + adverb
The adverb describes an adverb.
Examples: They played terribly badly.

He usually does his homework absolutely correctly.
They did extremely well in their last test.
No adverb with the following verbs:
forms of to be: am, is, are, was, were, will be, have been, had been
seem get turn grow sound
look* feel taste become smell
* You look great in your new dress. BUT She looked at me happily.

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB 1
Complete the sentences with an adjective or adverb.
1. He is a boy. (clever)
2. He is tired because he has worked . (hard)
3. He isn’t tired because he has worked. (hard)
4. She is a girl. (quiet)
5. She went to bed . (quiet)
6. He is not a good student but he writes . (good)
7. You should speak more . (soft)
8. The children behaved . (bad)
9. The brave men fought . (brave)
10. They lived together . (happy)
11. She looks . (pretty)
12. That milk tastes . (sour)
13. I don’t know where they live. (exact)
14. She turned . (pale)
15. This brown fur feels . (soft)
16. These children are at English. (good)
17. Your brother works at all. (hard)
18. Ann had an accident last Sunday. (near)
19. Have you been to the cinema ? (late)
20. Mary always dresses . (beautiful)

1. Yes, it was raining for two hours. (heavy)
2. He has painted it . (nice)
3. What a worker he is! (quick)
4. He is always very . (polite)
5. He is often . (nervous)
6. Arthur rode back to the inn. (quick)
7. They saw a butterfly on a rose. (beautiful)
8. When the teacher heard about the missing book, he said , "You should
be more careful." (angry)
9. When he told him the truth, he was . (quiet)
10. "This wound looks ," the doctor said. (bad)
11. The boys played so that they won the tournament. (good)
12. He was so busy with his new computer that he had time to help his
mother. (hard)
13. "Go and have a rest. You shouldn’t work so .” (hard)
14. From the top of the mountain he could see across the countryside. (far)
15. What a picture! (beautiful)
16. Arthur fought and they won the battle. (good)
17. "I love you," Camilla said in a voice. (soft)
18. The maid shut the door . (quiet)
19. They could hear a cry. (terrible)
20. Suddenly he woke up because the phone rang . (loud)

1. Jane opened the door . (careful)
2. I like driving . (fast)
3. She spoke to me very . (soft)
4. Paul lay in bed . (quiet)
5. He tasted the various kinds of tea . (careful)
6. Peter had an accident. (near)
7. Jim turned the book upside down . (quick)
8. It is raining . (heavy)
9. She dresses . (beautiful)
10. Tom looked at my lunch . (hungry)
11. Please, drive . (careful)
12. He didn’t sleep . (good)
13. We didn't hurry. So we walked . (slow)
14. New York is a city. (big)
15. He won the race because he drove . (good)
16. It was for me to come. (impossible)
17. Mary jumped up . (happy)
18. She worked all the day. She feels . (tired)
19. She dresses . (pretty)
20. She came home . (late)

1. He didn't have an accident because he's an driver. (excellent)
2. Sam is good at sports. He always runs . (fast)
3. Sandra stayed at home because she felt . (ill)
4. The weather was . It was cold all the time. (bad)
5. The exercise wasn't difficult. So we did it . (easy)
6. The soup is great. It tastes . (wonderful)
7. The house seems to be so without you. (empty)
8. She is a nice girl. She always answers . (polite)
9. I worked a lot yesterday and now I’m tired. (terrible)
10. We had to run to school yesterday. (quick)
11. I have learned very to pass the exam. (hard)
12. Five cars were damaged in the accident. (heavy)
13. Please read the instructions . (careful)
14. He was very that he won the race. (happy)
15. Paul is a policeman. He has a job (dangerous).
16. She doesn't like sports. So, she does any sports (hard).
17. She phoned me once a week. But she didn't (late).
18. I don't like her pictures. She paints . (terrible)
19. She is a tennis player, but her brother plays .
(bad / good)
20. The dog looked , so we gave him some food. (hungry)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
A possessive pronoun expresses that someone owns something. It replaces a possessive adjective
+ a noun and is used to avoid repeating information that is already known.
Example: This laptop is hers, not yours. = This is her laptop, not your laptop.
Subject Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
I have a house. This is my house. No, it's mine.

You have a bike. Is this your bike? No, it's yours.
He has a book. This is his book. Yes, it's his.
She has a pullover. Her pullover is green. No, hers is brown.
It looks for a ball. Here is its ball. --------------*
We have a dog. We like our dog. This dog is ours.

Do you have a car? Is this your car? Yes, it's yours.
They have an iphone. Is it their iphone? No, it isn't theirs.
* We do not us its as a possessive pronoun.
Examples:
Is this Peter’s bike? No, it’s my bike. or No, it’s mine.

Are these her keys? No, hers are on the table.
His pet is a cat. Her pet is a hamster, mine is a dog.
Is this car your neighbours’? Yes, it’s theirs.
Whose umbrella is this? Is it yours?

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 1
Complete the gaps with the correct possessive pronoun.
1. A: Is this my book?
B: No, it's . Yours is over there on the desk.
2. A: Do you really think that it was my fault?
B: Yes, of course it was .
3. A: Is this our neighbour’s dog digging in our garden?
B: Yes, it’s .
4. A: Who left that mobile phone on the shelf? Is it my brother’s?
B: Yes, I’m sure it’s .
5. A: Is this my glass?
B: No, it’s not . It’s mine.
6. A: Those are your kids’ bikes, aren’t they?
B: Yes, they are. They are .
7. A: Whose sunglasses are these?
B: They are . I was looking for them for some time.
8. A: Is that your car in the driveway?
B: No. We parked on the street.
9. A: Linda is looking for her keys. Are these ?
B: Yes, those are .
10. A: This is your parents' car, isn't it?
B: No, it's my . I bought it last Tuesday.
11. A: Someone forgot this umbrella? Is it your brother’s?
B: Yes, I think it’s .
12. A: Does that red SUV belong to your parents?
B: Yes, it’s .

Complete the sentences with a possessive pronoun.
1. “Dorothy, don't use this towel, please. It isn't .”
2. We gave them our phone number, and they gave us .
3. Your dog isn’t brown, is black.
4. Where is my coat? This one isn’t .
5. The white laptop is mine, the black one is . (my brother’s)
6. My brother has got his ticket, but I can’t find .
7. They say that this picture is .
8. I can’t find my eraser. Can I borrow ?
9. I know Peter well. He’s a friend of .
10. Which one is your sister’s bag? The bigger one is .
11. He claims this mobile phone to be .
12. This is not my parents’ car. is blue and much bigger.
13. This isn’t our son’s bike. is in the garage.
14. Idon’t think this umbrella is . (my sister’s)
15. Dad, we can’t find our passports. Have you got ?
16. The books belong to me and my sister. It is .
17. The car belongs to my uncle. It is .
18. This ball belongs to those girls. It is .
19. This laptop belongs to my brother. It is .
20. These books belong to my sister. They are .

Complete the sentences with a possessive pronoun.
1. That motorcycle belongs to her brothers. It is .
2. This cat belongs to our neighbour’s daughters. It is .
3. This house belongs to me and my brother. It is .
4. The shoes belong to my sister. They’re .
5. The tennis rackets belong to me. They are .
6. The mobile phone belongs to you. It is .
7. The bikes belong to my friends. They are .
8. This coat belongs to my aunt Deborah. It is .
9. This truck belongs to my neighbour Bill. It is .
10. The ball belongs to me and my sister. It is .
11. This book belongs to Peter. It’s .
12. Those glasses on the table belong to me. They’re .
13. Those shoes belong to my friend and me? They’re .
14. The yellow car belongs to Laura. It is .
15. The computer belongs to my parents. It’s .
16. The wallet Sarah found yesterday belongs to me. It is .
17. The parcel belongs to my mother. It is .
18. These gloves belong to you. They are .
19. This room belongs to my sister and me. It’s .
20. This pen belongs to my girlfriend. It’s .

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
The Present Perfect Simple is used, if an action happened in the past and there is a connection to
the present. This action has just stopped or is still going on. We do not use an exact expression of
time when the action happened.
Key words: already, just, yet, ever, never, for, since, so far, up to now, not yet, lately, recently
How to form the Present Perfect Simple
I, you, we, they have + 3rd form

He, she, it has + 3rd form
Examples: They have visited her uncle recently. - She has just baked an apple pie.
Short forms
I've never been there before. - We've studied a lot so far.

He's worked in this shop lately. - He's found his wallet.
Negation
I, you, we, they have not (haven't) + 3rd form

He, she, it has not (hasn't) + 3rd form
Examples: They haven't tidied up their room so far. - He hasn't finished his homework yet.
Questions
Have you already done your homework?

Have/Has - subject - verb
How long have you been there?

Question word - have/has - subject – verb

How to use the present perfect
Here are some examples which show the connection to the present.
PAST PRESENT
Nick has gone on holidays. result He is not in the office.
connection with the Do you know Italy? No, I

Have you ever been to Italy?
present have never been there.
connection with the

He has already met Sue. He likes her.
present
connection with the

He has just eaten something bad. He feels bad now.
present
connection with the

He has been in Spain for ten days. He is still there.
present
connection with the

He has been in Spain since Friday. He is still there.
present

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 1
Complete the following sentences with the correct present perfect forms.
1. My sister a fantastic cake. (make)
2. What you for lunch today, Mum? (make)
3. I my little dog yet. (not feed)
4. Sally and Jenny a new CD player. (get)
5. Chris wood for a raft. (not find)
6. The students their homework. (not do)
7. Nick can't play football. He an accident with his bike. (have)
8. Liz her homework yet. (not finish)
9. Julia to school today? (be)
10. Bill his room, but he the dishes yet.
(tidy up, not wash)
Write down the sentences. Use present perfect.
Example: Snoopy / climb / onto his house. Snoopy has climbed onto his house.
1. Brian / play / football
2. Susan / read / her new book
3. I / find / some money in the street
4. Mr and Mrs Baker / have / an accident
5. Tom Davis / win / the volleyball match
6. Alison Brown / lose / the tennis match
7. Mr Martin / make / breakfast for us
8. The girls / bring / some wood for the fire
9. They / buy / a van for their holidays
10. Mrs Black / wash / the dishes

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 2
Fill in the gaps using the present perfect tense of the words in the box.
not write – buy – tell – not be – do – fly – not see – reach – meet – show
1. I to Italy for five years.
2. They their highest speed since their start.
3. He many friends there.
4. Mary a lot this morning.
5. He an email to his parents since May.
6. I him since Monday.
7. The taxi driver them the way.
8. She them a nice story.
9. The birds to the south.
10. Their parents a new car.
take – visit – drive – eat – see – have – not go – buy – be – become
1. They her a new bike.
2. She to Southampton.
3. A dream true.
4. They a conference since nine in the morning.
5. I’m hungry because I anything since breakfast.
6. He the bus to get there.
7. They in Cornwall since Friday.
8. Peter many countries.
9. The children to bed.
10. He his aunt for a month.

PRESENT PERFECT – FOR OR SINCE
1. I haven't been to Italy July 2005.
2. She has lived in Paris January.
3. Jim has studied three hours. Now he is tired.
4. My friend has been ill a long time.
5. It has been raining more than four days.
6. I haven't seen him Eastern.
7. He hasn't had a holiday last summer.
8. He hasn't done any work a month.
9. We have had this car 1998.
10. We have been here two hours.
11. She hasn't written Christmas.
12. Carol hasn't eaten meat ages.
13. We have been working in his office three years.
14. It has been snowing yesterday morning.
15. I haven't spoken to her our quarrel.
16. Nobody has seen him last Friday.
17. It has been foggy some days.
18. He has been fishing six o'clock.
19. They've been living in France eight years.
20. The pilots have been on strike two months.
21. We've had terrible weather Saturday.
22. I've known Tom 1990.
23. We have been waiting for the bus half an hour.
24. She hasn't lost a match April.
25. Things have changed she's become headmaster.

PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST TENSE 1
Fill in the present perfect simple or the past simple.
1. I a great film yesterday evening. (watch)
2. a new car? (you ever buy)
3. Sue the flu last winter. (have)
4. A few days ago we to his uncle. (drive)
5. They bingo on Wednesday afternoon. (play)
6. He the bus to get there. (already take)
7. Last week my rabbit away. (run)
8. We a lot last Sunday. (do)
9. to India? (she ever be)
10. I him last Monday. (meet)
11. She yet. (not wake up)
12. I her since last Thursday. (not meet)
13. Bob well last night. (sleep)
14. I a letter from her two days ago. (get)
15. They in Germany. (already arrive)
16. I in Seattle for five years. (live)
17. Someone my bike! Now I'll have to walk home. (steal)
18. When Bob was young he in London. (live)
19. I would like to visit Berlin sometime. Unfortunately, I
there. (never be)
20. Tim to Scotland last year. (go)

1. I'm afraid I'm not hungry any more. I . (already eat)
2. They don't live here anymore. They two years ago. (leave)
3. reading the newspaper yet? (you finish)
4. We football yesterday afternoon. (play)
5. The weather very good last week. (not be)
6. Where are the girls? They yet. (not arrive)
7. Her friend is an actor. He in many movies. (play)
8. We our vacation in Florida last summer. (spend)
9. His grandfather in April last year. (die)
10. I'm ready to go shopping. I my homework. (just finish)
11. Sam a new cell phone a few months ago. (buy)
12. I didn't know that he bought a new bike. Yes, he it for a few
months now. (have)
13. Last year we to Scotland for our holidays. (go)
14. You look relaxed! Yes, I on vacation. (just been)
15. I can't join you now because I my homework yet. (not do)
16. I all my homework yesterday afternoon. (do)
17. I very well the last nights. (not sleep)
18. Are you tired? Yes, I a hard day. (have)
19. Here is the news. There an accident on the M1 near
Nottingham. (be)
20. I my keys. Did you take them with you this morning? (lose)

1. an accident? No, never. (you ever have)
2. My sister is going to Italy in the summer. That's why she to

learn Italian. (start)
3. I a cold last year. (not have)
4. It very dry this month, but it a

lot last week. (be / rain)
5. Last July, I to visit my relatives in Barcelona. (go)
6. I think I her once before. (meet)
7. I there last year, but I there

lately. (be / not be)
8. I can’t contact her because she me her email address. (not give)
9. I love this movie. It's the third time I it. (watch)
10. her today's paper article? (you read)
11. We our suitcases yesterday evening. (pack)
12. They home from their summer vacation. (just come)
13. I think he can’t work because he his leg last Friday. (break)
14. In 2012, they their house in the country and
to a flat in the city. (sell / move)
15. She as a lawyer since I her

eight years ago. (work / meet)
16. They since last Monday. (phone)
17. the late night show yesterday? (you watch)
18. We at the hotel at about eight, and

our friends two hours later. (arrive / meet)
19. lived in a foreign country? (live)
20. tennis last weekend? (play)

PAST PROGRESSIVE
How to form: I, he, she, it was + ing-form I was working.

You, we, they were + ing-form They were working.
Negation: I wasn’t working yesterday. He was not mowing the lawn.

We weren’t reading the paper. They were not studying for the test.
Questions: Was he watching the new series?

Were you cleaning your flat last weekend?
Key words: while, when
How to use:
• We use it when an action in the past lasted a long time.

Example: What were they doing yesterday?
• If an action happened while another action took place. We use the past simple for the
short action and the past progressive for the long action.
Example: When Tom was cooking, he burnt his hand.
• Two long past actions happen at the same time.

Examples: While I was repairing my bike, she was watering the flowers.
He was watching TV while she was reading a book.

PAST PROGRESSIVE 1
Fill in the past progressive tense into the gaps.
1. The girls cards in the living room. (play)
2. Greg for his wallet. (look)
3. Mr Miller his car. (not wash)
4. Susan her English homework. (do)
5. They football yesterday afternoon. (not play)
6. I for her in the park. (wait)
7. Carol and I dinner when he arrived. (have)
8. Tom in the pool. (not swim)
9. The boys home from school. (cycle)
10. She in her office. (work)
11. I the new words. (not learn)
12. Ann on the beach. (lie)
13. We on the bench for a long time. (sit)
14. He his aunt. (phone)
15. We the essay together. (write)
16. Frank breakfast. (prepare)
17. Mrs Summers to him. (not listen)
18. Daniel the shopping. (do)
19. They the book. (not read)
20. They their house. (decorate)

PAST PROGRESSIVE 2
Complete the sentences with the past progressive tense.
1. on the beach? (he relax)
2. He TV. (not watch)
3. Tom and I the castle. (visit)
4. The sun . (shine)
5. She the windows. (clean)
6. I them most of the sights. (show)
7. Ann a lot of photos. (not take)
8. We volleyball on the beach. (play)
9. They to their neighbours. (talk)
10. The siblings cards. (play)
11. My sister and I the floor. (sweep)
12. Sam the newspaper. (read)
13. A lot of children at the station. (wait)
14. Mum in her office. (work)
15. He to school. (walk)
16. The boys their favourite TV series. (watch)
17. I yesterday afternoon. (not work)
18. Tim and Maggie in the sun. (sit)
19. in the sea? (you swim)
20. Nora out leaflets. (hand out)

PAST SIMPLE OR PROGRESSIVE 1
Complete the sentences with the past simple or past progressive.
1. When I to school, I John. (walk / see)
2. When he in the kitchen, Mary . (help / come)
3. While she the soup, the children . (cook /
play)
4. When I in the garden, my uncle . (work / call)
5. Carol TV while Bob and Peter football. (watch /
play)
6. When she her hair, the baby to cry. (wash /
begin)
7. A strong wind when the plane . (blow / land)
8. When she tennis, it to rain. (play / began)
9. When I TV, the lights out. (watch / go)
10. While he the piano, she to him. (play / listen)
11. While she up her room, he his car. (tidy / wash)
12. The boys in the garden while she the flowers.
(help / water)
13. He Mary when he through the park. (meet /
walk)
14. We computer games while she a book. (play /
read)
15. My mother in the living room when someone
into our garage. (sit / break)

Complete the sentences with the past simple or past progressive.
1. Someone poison into the glass while we in
the kitchen. (put / talk)
2. I to the radio when the fire . (listen / break
out)
3. I the window because it to rain. (close /
start)
4. First she the lawn and then she shopping.
(cut / go)
5. She while I in the sun. (surf / lie)
6. In the middle of the night the phone . (ring)
7. They back yesterday at nine in the evening. (come)
8. I the housework when you at work. (do / be)
9. When they at her, she . (look / smile)
10. They tea when the doorbell . (have / ring)
11. Father his pipe while mother a magazine.
(smoke / read)
12. While he the lawn, it to rain. (mow / start)
13. He breakfast when the toaster up. (have /
blow)
14. When I into the office, my boss for me.
(come / wait)
15. When we Brian, he a taxi. (see / drive)

Fill in the past simple or the past progressive.
1. Father in the car while mother the shopping.
(wait / do)
2. When he , we dinner. (arrive / have)
3. While they chess, we shopping. (play / go)
4. They a party while he . (have / sleep)
5. He a photo when I the ducks. (take / feed)
6. They football when the lights in the stadium
out. (play /go)
7. While George and John their room, she the
ironing. (clean / do)
8. We at Victoria Station when the train . (wait /
arrive)
9. I out of the window and John. (look / see)
10. I to peel the potatoes when Mary in. (help /
came)
11. The sun when we the hill. (rise / reach)
12. He and his hand. (laugh / clap)
13. While they , he the piano. (sing / play)
14. A heavy wind when the helicopter . (blow /
land)
15. We to the church when the bell to ring. (go /
start)

Fill in the past simple or the past progressive.
1. While the police to the house, the burglars the
paintings into their bags. (drive / put)
2. The baby to cry when she on the radio. (start / turn)
3. While he through the park, he Phil. (walk / meet)
4. When they through the wood, they the stolen
car. (walk / see)
5. Although the pianist wonderfully, a guest
asleep. (play / fall)
6. She her hair while he on his clothes. (brush / put)
7. When they through the shopping centre, he to
buy her a ring. (walk / promise)
8. While they cards, the baby . (play / sleep)
9. Sam the ironing when Jack her. (do / phone)
10. While mother up the clothes, her two daughters
the dishes. (hang / wash)
11. Ann the floor while John the beds. (sweep /
make)
12. What yesterday morning? I for an exam.
(you do / study)
13. George off the ladder while he . (fall / paint)
14. Ann for me when I . (wait / arrive).
15. I Carol at the party. She a new dress. (see / wear)

RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative pronouns in English are who, which, whose and that. Whom is also sometimes used, but
very formal.
Relative pronouns introduce a relative clause. They link two main clauses:
I dated a girl. She lives next door.

I dated a girl who lives next door.
I dated a girl that lives next door.
This is my new laptop. I bought it two days ago.

This is my new laptop which I bought two days ago.
This is my new laptop that I bought two days ago.
I was invited by Peter. I met him last Monday.

I was invited by Peter whom I met last Monday.
I was invited by Peter who I met last Monday.
I have a friend. His brother is a mechanic.

I have a friend whose brother is a mechanic.
Whose bike is it? It’s Susan’s.
We use:
Who – when we talk about people

Which – when we talk about things or animals
Whose – when we talk about possessions.
That – when we talk about people, things or animals
Whom – when we talk about people (object) – very formal
Further information:
There are also non-defining relative clauses. We use them to give extra information about the
person or thing that is not important. We use commas in non-defining relative clauses, but we
don’t use that.
Sarah, who I met yesterday, worked at my father’s company.

Do you know that woman, who is standing at the corner?
My motorbike, which is very old, broke down last weekend.
The relative pronoun can be left out when the pronoun refers to the object of a sentence.
This is the watch her parents bought her for her birthday.
The girls we met yesterday are very smart.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS 1
Complete the sentences with who, whose or which.
1. The man spoke is my father.

2. The car he bought last Thursday was very cheap.
3. Tom is my brother won the match.
4. The waiter we gave the tip was very pleased.
5. That's the man house was destroyed by a tornado.
6. The man over there face is dirty saved the child.
7. The chair on I was sitting broke down.
8. The pupils he was speaking to were very noisy.
9. are you talking to?
10. The crowd was very angry began to shout.
11. The man you saw yesterday is my uncle.
12. The cupboard we bought last Saturday was expensive.
13. This is the bike I told you about last Sunday.
14. My friend I have been waiting for two hours hasn't returned.
15. Thank you for the present you sent me.
16. Do you talk about the girl brother is my friend?
17. I sent an email to my sister lives in Norway.
18. This test is for students native language is not English.
19. Is there a shop nearby sells fruit?
20. The man lost his key is waiting in the office.
21. They want to buy a car is cheaper.
22. The Euro is the currency is used in a lot of European countries.
23. This is the man sold me the watch.
24. There's a picture of the fire destroyed their house.
25. The laptop I bought last month doesn't work anymore.
26. This is Mr Miller works for our company.
27. I called my friend lives nearby.
28. I have a problem worries me.
29. That's the player career was ruined by health problems.
30. Do you know someone speaks Italian?

RELATIVE PRONOUNS 2
Fill in who or which into the gaps.
1. The newspaper I read yesterday was the Times.
2. A butcher is a man sells meat.
3. The man was arrested stole my bike.
4. The book is lying on the table is very old.
5. The snow fell last night caused a traffic jam.
6. Can you help the boy has lost his glasses?
7. The hat is made of straw belongs to my father.
8. I don't like pudding is too sweet.
9. The train to London arrives at 10.30 is late.
10. This is the pen I was looking for.
11. Where is the shop sells Chinese food?
12. The old lady is crossing the street lives next to me.
13. The house they had lived in was sold.
14. People live in cities are sometimes lonely.
15. Have you taken the tablets the doctor gave you?
16. Did you like the meal you had in the restaurant?
17. Is this the policeman helped you?
18. I like people are nice and friendly.
19. Can you see the rabbits are hopping in the grass?
20. What's the name of the film star plays the main part in "The Green Card"?
21. Have you seen the column is in the middle of the square?
22. Is there someone can lend me a pen?
23. The driver had caused a terrible accident was arrested.
24. The woman we helped yesterday is Nancy's mother.
25. The shirt you are wearing today is very trendy.

MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs are types of auxiliary verbs which express necessity, ability, permission or possibility.
We also use them to make requests and offers. The most common modal verbs are can, may and
must. Modal verbs don't have a past form (except can) and a past participle (3rd form). You can
only use them with the present tense. When you use other tenses you have to replace them.
CAN - MAY - MUST
No -s after he, she, it

He can speak English. - She may go there. - It must sleep now. - My sister can juggle.
No do, does in questions and negation

Can you come? Sorry, I cannot. - May he come to your party? No, he must not.
She cannot come at 10.
REPLACEMENTS
CAN – TO BE ABLE TO
I can drive. = I am able to drive.
Present tense Past tense Present perfect Will - future

I am able to drive. was able to have been able to will be able to
He, she, it is able to drive. was able to has been able to will be able to
You, we, they are able to drive. were able to have been able to will be able to
MUST – HAVE TO
I must learn. = I have to learn.
Present tense Past tense Present perfect Will – future

I, you, we, they have to learn. had to learn. have had to learn. will have to learn.
He, she, it has to learn. had to learn. has had to learn. will have to learn.
MAY – BE ALLOWED TO
I may go out. = I am allowed to go out.
Present tense Past tense Present perfect Will – future

I am allowed to was allowed to have been allowed to will be allowed to
he, she, it is allowed to was allowed to has been allowed to will be allowed to
you, we, they are allowed to were allowed to have been allowed to will be allowed to

MODAL VERBS 1
Put the modal verbs into the tenses.
Present simple: I can speak English.
Past simple:
Present perfect simple:
Will-Future:
Present simple: He must learn for the test.
Past simple:
Will-Future:
Present simple: I may go to the party.
Past simple:
Will-Future:
Present simple: We can help you in the garden.
Past simple:
Will-Future:
Present simple: She may invite friends.
Past simple:
Will-Future:

MODAL VERBS 2
Fill in can, cannot, must, may, might or need.
1. George has travelled a lot. He speak many languages.
2. I’m not sure where I’ll go for my holidays, but I go to Italy.
3. She not eat so much chocolate because it's bad for her figure.
4. It's later than I thought. I go now.
5. You a better trainer if you want to improve yourself.
6. Talk to Ann about your problems. I'm sure she help you.
7. You not vacuum the carpets because Carol has already done it.
8. He come to my party because he is ill.
9. It's not very important. You not do it now. You
do it tomorrow.
10. I don't know what I'm doing this weekend, but I go to London.
11. Smoking is very unhealthy. You stop it.
12. You have got plenty of time. You not hurry.
13. You have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
14. Many children in Britain wear school uniforms.
15. I'm not sure but Jane come to visit me this afternoon.
16. This test will be very difficult. So you learn a lot.
17. I don't the car. You can take it.
18. He does everything himself. He no help.
19. It’s going to rain. You shut the window.
20. You start a fire in the forest.

MODAL VERBS 3
Fill in can, could, must, may, might or should.
1. Are they ready? I'm not sure. They need some more minutes.
2. You be tired because you have worked very hard.
3. I come in? Yes, please.
4. You eat more vegetables because they are healthy.
5. I can't find Grace. She have gone out.
6. Bill isn't at work today. I suppose he be ill.
7. Peter drive, but he hasn't got a car.
8. we invite her to our party? Yes, I think we should.
9. Frank hurt his leg, so he not walk very well.
10. It's later than I thought. I go now.
11. He play golf very well.
12. They have been working all day. They be hungry.
13. Where is Sandra? She be in her office.
14. You drive on the right in Britain.
15. I think we take a travel insurance.
16. The weather forecast is not good. It rain today.
17. He go to the dentist when he has toothache.
18. you speak many languages?
19. Where will you spent your next holidays? I go to France.
20. I looked everywhere, but I not find it.

MODAL VERBS 4
Fill in can, cannot, need, must or should.
1. Andrea demanded that I apologize to her.
2. Susan has travelled a lot. She speak five languages.
3. We have plenty of time. We not hurry.
4. I understand him. He should speak louder.
5. My doctor recommended that I see a specialist.
6. You drive with an international licence for a year.
7. It's top secret. You not tell anybody else.
8. Rome is a wonderful city. You go there, too.
9. I watered the plants yesterday. You not water them today.
10. He go skating because he broke his leg.
11. I offer you a seat? Yes, that's very kind of you.
12. You have a passport to visit foreign countries.
13. He is a good boxer. You be careful.
14. When you come to Madrid again you come and see us.
15. I'm not very busy today. I visit you.
16. I can hear you quite well. You not shout.
17. We don't have much time. We hurry.
18. You need not go to the supermarket. You go tomorrow.
19. The restaurant is usually frequented well. We reserve a table.
20. He speaks a lot of languages, but he speak Chinese.

CONJUNCTIONS
Use of Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that join different kinds of grammatical structures. They connect words,
phrases or sentences and are used to give more information about time, place, persons and
things, but also give reasons, conditions and express contrast.
Conjunctions of Time
when, as, until, till, after, before, since, while, at first, but then
Janet was in her room when her mother called.

He waited until she came.
After Peter had had dinner, he read a book.
Conjunctions of Place
where
He didn't know where he had put his purse.
Conjunctions of Reason
because, therefore / that's why, why, in order (that)
He couldn't help them because he didn't have any time.

She was ill, and that's why she couldn't go to the party.
Conjunctions of Contrast
but
This city is nice to visit, but I wouldn't like to live there.
Conjunctions of Condition
if, unless, even if, in case (that)
Take your umbrella with you in case it starts raining.
Relative Clauses
who (persons), which (animals, things), that, whose
This is the man who / that won the race.

Is this the car which / that he bought last summer?

CONJUNCTIONS 1
Complete with and, because and but.
Don’t forget to add a comma when you use “but”.
1. They stayed at home it was raining heavily.
2. She had breakfast then she left.
3. I wanted to help him he said he could do it himself.
4. I like Sally I don't like Bob.
5. She is happy her cake tastes good.
6. I cannot come I don’t have time.
7. You can climb up the tree you must be careful.
8. She came in sat down.
9. I laughed Tom had told me a joke.
10. We had dinner, watched TV then we went to bed.
11. The exam was difficult Bob passed it easily.
12. I can't buy a new car I haven't got enough money.
13. It is very late I'm very tired.
14. I wanted to visit her I didn’t have any time.
15. He listened to her carefully then he told her what she could do.
16. I can't help you, you should ask Mary.
17. She went to bed early she was tired.
18. In the morning I always have coffee toast.
19. She likes her she is always friendly.
20. She wanted to open the door she couldn’t find the key.

CONJUNCTIONS 2
Complete with when, why, what and where.
1. Linda’s father always watches TV he comes home from work.
2. Tommy decided to leave it was dark outside.
3. Is this the hotel we stayed last year?
4. We were playing tennis it started to rain.
5. Do you know he started playing chess?
6. Tim knew he will work in his holidays.
7. I can’t understand she hasn’t phoned yet.
8. He broke his arm he fell down the tree.
9. Tell me you want to know.
10. I don't know he lives.
11. the squirrel saw me, it ran away.
12. This is the house I've lived for nine years.
13. Did you understand he told you that story?
14. I was not really interested in he was talking about.
15. I didn't know to go.
16. I have a test I'm always very nervous.
17. He didn’t know time they left the party.
18. That's not I asked for.
19. She always greets friendly I meet her.
20. I found out they are living.

CONJUNCTIONS 3
Complete with a proper conjunction.
1. Tommy went to his friends he had had lunch.
2. They were very proud they won.
3. Is that the story was written by him?
4. That's the boy mother is in hospital.
5. First it was sunny, then it started to rain.
6. Do you know they will drive to Spain next summer holidays?
7. I thought he was ill.
8. we had gone to the cinema, we went to a restaurant.
9. She learned a lot her stay in England.
10. Is there anything we can do for you?
11. That's my English friend helped me with my homework.
12. That's the painting my father bought last year.
13. In our house lives a man is a detective.
14. Tell me you can come.
15. He always thinks he is so clever.
16. That's the longest test we have ever written.
17. The police arrested the thief had stolen the money.
18. we had had dinner, we watched TV.
19. we went to the shopping centre, and then we went to the park.
20. you cross the street, you must look carefully.
21. It was very cold outside. , we didn't go out.
22. We visited Mr Smith has two dogs.
23. He waited she woke up.
24. We stayed at home it was raining heavily.
25. We were having dinner he arrived.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Reflexive pronouns are used to express that someone is doing something on his/her own. These
pronouns always refer back to the subject of the sentence. They end in -self in the singular, and in
-selves in the plural.
How to form the reflexive pronouns
Personal pronoun Reflexive pronoun

I myself
you yourself
he himself
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
you yourselves
they themselves
Examples:
He killed himself with poison.

I can do it myself.
The parents blamed themselves.
Sandra talked to herself.
Please help yourself to some cake.
We can do the exercise ourselves.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 1
Complete with the correct reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself,...).
1. Tom cut while he was shaving this morning.
2. We really enjoyed very much.
3. I repaired my bike .
4. Why don’t you clean the windows ?
5. Jack and I met at the party five years ago.
6. At Christmas friends often give presents.
7. The film wasn’t very good, but I liked the music.
8. The old woman sat at the park bench talking to .
9. Let’s paint the house .
10. Did you write it ?
11. The children cleaned their room .
12. Ann backed the cake .
13. The cat caught the mouse .
14. Sally saw in the mirror.
15. Tom can paint the picture because he's good at painting.
16. I like to watch in a video film.
17. Simon and George did their homework .
18. Sue, did you bake the cake ?
19. The boys opened the parcels .
20. Susan made a video film about cats .

1. Bob, can you find the way to the cinema ?
2. My father built the tree house .
3. The Millers drew all the paintings .
4. "Did Sue's dad write the story?" No, she did it .
5. "Shall I cook the soup?" No, I can do it .
6. "Your face is dirty! Look at in the mirror."
7. Jack's brother painted the bike .
8. Tell me a little about .
9. He never talks about .
10. She did all the work by .
11. They were concerned for in such an unsafe situation.
12. He has to fix that .
13. I want him to do the job .
14. The players clean the field .
15. She asked some questions.
16. I always find the way .
17. Elizabeth sang quietly to .
18. John hurt while he was repairing his car.
19. Mrs Miller planted the roses .
20. I went to the shop to buy some lunch.

1. The dog had fleas. He always scratched .
2. I shave every morning before I go to work.
3. Tom usually cuts his hair .
4. Carol dresses very well.
5. My computer system is damaged. It turns off.
6. I'm not going to do that for you. You can do it .
7. Mike's son is old enough to put on the clothes .
8. Susan and I walked to the store by .
9. They stood in front of the mirror and looked at .
10. When we go to the restaurant, I'll pay for my food and you can pay for yours
11. Mary doesn't like to drive to work. So, she usually takes the
underground.
12. The book was on the floor. It fell off the shelf by .
13. I asked him for a glass of water, and he told me to get it .
14. Rick and Maria are able to look after .
15. Ingrid, Paul! Please behave .
16. The pop star attended the wedding ceremony, as she had promised.
17. You can do the washing up .
18. I told that I could do it.
19. We looked at in amazement, but we didn't say anything.
20. Make at home, John. I'll be right back.

Complete with the correct reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself,...)
1. We've known since we were kids. We even were at school together.
2. I made a fool of by saying that stupid thing.
3. He hurt when he was playing soccer.
4. Bob repaired the car .
5. I went swimming in the sea by .
6. We usually play alone, by .
7. Look! There's a little bird washing in the river.
8. I kept the secret by .
9. He decided by not to go to the party.
10. I will do it by .
11. The man in the news accidentally shot in the foot.
12. We enjoyed at the seaside.
13. He went to the airport yesterday .
14. It is exciting for Peter to see on television.
15. I spoke to the Prime Minister .
16. He decided to go to Spain by .
17. All of our family caught a cold. So we had to take care of .
18. My sister lives in London by .
19. Did all of you go to Paris by ?
20. He surprised by waking up so early, but then he went back to sleep!

NO PROGRESSIVE FORM
We do not use the following verbs in the progressive (continuous) form.
love see know remember
like look1 understand forgive
hate smell realize belong
dislike hear recognize forget
be prefer think notice
want refuse last own
wish desire possess feel
need adore mean believe
care
1 only in the meaning of look like

IRREGULAR VERBS LIST
Infinitive (1st Past simple (2nd Past participle (3 rd Translation
form) form) form)
(to) be (I)was, (you) were been
am is was been
are were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt

fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got/gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lead led led
learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned)
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
overtake overtook overtaken

pay paid paid
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt smelt
speak spoke spoken
spell spelt spelt
spend spent spent
split split split
spoil spoilt spoilt
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen

swim swam swum
take (away) took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
upset upset upset
wake up woke up woken up
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

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ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning

www.english-4u.de for Speed English – Cursos Expert

2. In polite questions or requests or if we expect the answer "YES".

ANY 1. In questions Have you got any blue shoes?

2. In negations No, I haven't got any.

3. In conditional clauses If I had any, I would wear them.

Compound uses of some and any:

We can combine some and any with other words:

www.english-4u.de for Speed English – Cursos Expert

1. I'm going to buy posters.

2. They didn't have hair clasps.

3. There aren't shops in this part of the town.

4. Have you got brothers or sisters? No, I haven’t.

5. There are beautiful leather jackets in the shop window.

6. I haven't got stamps, but Ann has got .

7. I can pay. I've got money.

8. Are there letters for me this morning? No, there aren't.

9. We saw punks in Hyde Park.

10. Do you know good hotels in London?

11. Would you like tea? Yes, please.

12. We haven't got bread. I am going to buy .

13. When we were in London, we visited very interesting places.

14. If I had sweets, I would give you .

16. Sorry, we’re late. We had problems with the car.

20. I can’t buy you a drink. I haven’t got money.

www.english-4u.de for Speed English – Cursos Expert

Fill in some – any – something – anything – someone – anyone - somewhere.

2. There wasn’t who was angry.

3. She started to do experiments.

4. There isn’t milk in the bottle.

6. I don’t have time for you.

7. Did you do sports?

8. He sometimes has good ideas.

9. I haven’t got money left.

10. Does know the answer?

11. helped them.

12. I think gave me some wrong information.

13. I haven’t done diving yet.

14. He didn’t have ideas.

15. There wasn’t on the beach.

16. was wrong with the car.

17. They live near the shopping mall.

18. After time he began to play better.

19. She wanted to do to help them.

20. I think had made a mistake.

www.english-4u.de for Speed English – Cursos Expert

Fill in some – any – something – anything – someone – anyone.

1. We had to look for else.

2. They didn’t like to eat.

3. There’s at the door.

4. We don’t have news for her.

5. Was there at the door?

6. I think made a mistake.

7. We didn’t find useful in the house.

8. There wasn’t in the woods.

9. I’ve really good friends.

10. Tom hasn’t done madness skiing yet.

11. There isn’t soup in the bowl.

12. Why aren’t there children in the classroom?

13. I can hear .