Lab Slide Crank

Title: Slider Crank
Objectives
The objective of this experiment are to obtain a graph of piston velocity
against crank angle using the method of instantaneous centers, assuming that
the crank rotates at a constant angular velocity, to obtain the crank angles
which correspond to the maximum piston velocity, and to show that for a
slider crank chain the piston motion tends to approach simple harmonic
motion with increasing values of connecting rod/crank ratio.
Theory
The Slider Crank Chain is one of the two basic mechanisms which from the
basic for many more complicated motions.(The other one is the Four Bar Chain
or Chebyshev linkage of which over 800 forms are known.)
To find the velocity the method of instantaneous Centers
Consider a rigid body moving relative to axes OX and OY , as in the figure
below.
Supposed that the velocity Va and Vb of points A and B relative to OXY are
known. As far as A is concerned the body appears to be rotating about a point
anywhere on the line through A perpendicular to Va. Similarly the velocity Vb
can only result from rotation about a point somewhere on a line through B
perpendicular to Vb. If these two line meet at a point I, it is the point about
which the body is rotating at the instant considered. I is called the
Instantaneous Centre.
If the two lines are co-linear the instantaneous centre may be anywhere on
them. The two velocities will be parallel but necessarily equal. If the line are
parallel and not co-linear, I is at infinity and the two velocities are parallel and
equal. The body is therefore moving translationally and every point gas the
same velocity.
An instantaneous centre is not the same thing as a fixed pivot; unless the body
is constrained so that its motion is always a rotation about the same point.
Then the point of rotation and the instantaneous centre are co-incident. Thus
an instantaneous centre is at different points at different instants. So whilst
accelerations can be expressed relative to the instantaneous centre, to do so is
not usually helpful as the centre itself can have acceleration.
Consider the mechanism, in the position shown below :-
The instantaneous centre of the connecting rod AB is at IAB. The linear velocity
of A is :-
Apparatus
Slider Crank Chain with a variable connecting rod length.
Procedures
1) Set the crank to zero on the circular scale.
2) Slacken both knurled nuts and adjust the position of the piston pivot so
that the connecting rod is 115mm long. Make sure that spacer washer is
between the piston and the connecting rod. In normal use, the knurled
nuts will be just slack. However, the motion of the slider crank can be
locked at any position by tightening both knurled nuts.
3) For every 10° of crank rotation, record the piston displacement and the
cross-scale readings in the given tables. (Note : With the crank angle set
to zero, note the initial reading of the cross-scale. This will need
subtracting from all subsequent readings in order to obtain true reading.
The same procedure applies for the piston displament)
4) Repeat steps 1 to 3 for connecting rod lengths of 130,140,155 abd 175
mm.
Result (Data 1)
Connecting rod length : 210 Crank Radius : 75 Ratio: 2.8
Crank Angle Piston Displacement (mm) Piston Velocity (mm/s)
0 0 0
10
20 2 1
30
40 13 3
50
60 52 4.5
70
80 51 5.2
90
100 74 5.5
110
120 9 4.7
130
140 10.3 3.2
150
160 11.3 1.4
170
180 11.8 0
190
200 11.6 2.3
210
220 11 4.4
230
240 9.5 5.2
250
260 7.3 5.5
270
280 5.2 5.3
290
300 3.4 4.6
310
320 1.4 3.1
330
340 0.4 11
350
360 0 0
Result (Data 2)
0 0 0
10
20 5 20
30
40 20 40
50
60 35 50
70
80 50 50
90
100 80 55
110
120 95 40
130
140 107 25
150
160 113 7
170
180 115 10
190
200 115 30
210
220 105 45
230
240 90 60
250
260 70 65
270
280 50 60
290
300 30 45
310
320 15 20
330
340 5 15
350
360 0 0
Result (Data 3)
0 0 0
10
20 2 20.2
30
40 13 30.5
50
60 32 40.8
70
80 33 50.5
90
100 78 60.2
110
120 96 50.3
130
140 108 20.9
150
160 114 10.6
170
180 116 0
190
200 111 10.3
210
220 110 20.3
230
240 95 30.8
250
260 76 40.3
270
280 55 30.9
290
300 51 20.9
310
320 45 10.9
330
340 42 0.7
350
360 0 0

Lab Slide Crank

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Title: Slider Crank

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