Group 4 Relativity

Relativity
Presented by: Group 4

01 Relativity of Motion
02 Special Relativity
03 General Relativity
Table of Contents
Kirtjyan S. Cerezo
Albert Einstein
was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the
greatest physicists of all time. Einstein is known widely for developing the theory of
relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory
of quantum mechanics.
Hanson S. Pasiliao
What is Relativity?
Relativity is a theory of gravity. The basic idea

is that instead of being an invisible force that
attracts objects to one another, gravity is a curving
or warping of space. The more massive an object,
the more it warps the space around it.
01
Relativity of Motion
Krystal Leen B. Correa
• Prior to Einstein, the laws of Isaac Newton were used to understand the physics of motion. In 1687,
Newton wrote that gravity affects everything in the universe. The same force of gravity that pulled an
apple down from a tree kept the Earth in motion around the sun. But Newton never puzzled out the
source of gravity.
• Philosopher David Hume's 1738 "A Treatise of Human Nature" was a big influence on Einstein's
thinking about space and time. Hume was an empiricist and skeptic, believing that scientific concepts
must be based on experience and evidence, not reason alone. He also held that time did not exist
separately from the movement of objects. "It is very well possible that without these philosophical
studies I would not have arrived at the solution," Einstein wrote.
Krystal Leen B. Correa
• In 1905, Albert Einstein based a new theory on two principles. First, the laws of physics appear the same to
all observers. Second, he calculated that the speed of light – 186,000 miles per second (299,338
kilometers per second) – is unchanging. Prior to Einstein, scientists believed that space was filled with
luminiferous aether that would cause the speed of light to change depending on the relative motion of
the source and the observer. As a result of these principles, Einstein deduced that there is no fixed frame of
reference in the universe. Everything is moving relative to everything else, hence Einstein's theory of
relativity.
• A fast-moving object appears shorter along the direction of motion, relative to a slow-moving one. This effect
is very subtle until the object travels close to the speed of light.
Ma. Monica O. Cruz
• Mass and energy are different manifestations of the same thing. Einstein's famous
equation, E=mc^2, means "a quantity of energy is equivalent to a quantity of mass times the speed of
light squared." This is what enables the release of a huge amount of energy from a nuclear explosion.
As a result of E=mc^2, a fast-moving object appears to have increased mass relative to a slow-moving
one. This is due to the fact that increasing an object’s velocity increases its kinetic energy and, therefore,
its mass (since mass = energy).
• The increase in mass is the reason that Einstein says that matter cannot travel faster than light. The mass
increases with velocity until the mass becomes infinite when it reaches light speed. An infinite mass would
require infinite energy to move, so this is impossible.
Ma. Monica O. Cruz
The theory of relativity also resolves the question of absolute motion. When one speaks of an
object as being in motion, such motion is usually in reference to another object which is
considered at rest. Although a person sitting in a car is at rest with respect to the car, both in
motion with respect to the earth, and the earth is in motion with respect to the sun and the center
of the galaxy. All these motions are relative.
Example: If we measure the speed of a ball thrown atop a train, we can either measure the speed
of the ball with respect to the trains motion or with respect to the motion of the Earth.
Regine A. Manaois
The theory of relativity
• The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert
Einstein: special relativity and general relativity.
• Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity.
• General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of
nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including astronomy.
02
Special Relativity
Bea Karylle C. Tobias and
Jhon Alfred G. Ferrer Special Relativity
• Special relativity was originally proposed by Albert Einstein in a paper published on the 26th of
September 1905 titled "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”.
• It is known as special relativity because it applies only to special cases: frames of reference in
constant, unchanging motion. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory of relativity, which
applies to frames that are accelerating with regard to each other. Time does not pass at the same rate
for everyone. A fast-moving observer measures time passing more slowly than a (relatively) stationary
observer would. This phenomenon is called time dilation.
Bea Karylle C. Tobias and
Jhon Alfred G. Ferrer Special Relativity
• The incompatibility of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism and,
experimentally, the Michelson-Morley null result (and subsequent similar experiments) demonstrated
that the historically hypothesized luminiferous aether did not exist. This led to Einstein's development of
special relativity, which corrects mechanics to handle situations involving all motions and especially
those at a speed close to that of light (known as relativistic velocities). Today, special relativity is proven
to be the most accurate model of motion at any speed when gravitational and quantum effects are
negligible. Even so, the Newtonian model is still valid as a simple and accurate approximation at low
velocities (relative to the speed of light), for example, everyday motions on Earth.
John David P. Soriano and
Nikki R. Quibrantos Special relativity
• The theory of special relativity explains how space and time
are linked for objects that are moving at a consistent speed in a
straight line. One of its most famous aspects concerns objects
moving at the speed of light.
• Simply put, as an object approaches the speed of light, its mass
becomes infinite and it is unable to go any faster than light
travels. This cosmic speed limit has been a subject of much
discussion in physics, and even in science fiction, as people think
about how to travel across vast distances.
03
General Relativity
Ajin Ohmar M. Omoto and
Deina Shein M. Domingo General Relativity
Soon after publishing the special theory of relativity in 1905, Einstein started thinking about how to
incorporate gravity into his new relativistic framework. In 1907, beginning with a simple thought
experiment involving an observer in free fall, he embarked on what would be an eight-year search for a relativistic
theory of gravity. After numerous detours and false starts, his work culminated in the presentation to the Prussian
Academy of Science in November 1915 of what are now known as the Einstein field equations, which form the
core of Einstein's general theory of relativity. These equations specify how the geometry of space and time is
influenced by whatever matter and radiation are present. The 19th century mathematician Bernhard
Riemann's non-Euclidean geometry, called Riemannian Geometry, enabled Einstein to develop general
relativity by providing the key mathematical framework on which he fit his physical ideas of gravity. This idea was
pointed out by mathematician Marcel Grossmann and published by Grossmann and Einstein in 1913.
Irha Mae Tuliao
General Relativity
General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published
by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
General relativity generalizes special relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing
a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time or four-dimensional spacetime. In particular,
the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are
present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of partial differential equations.
• According to general relativity, objects in a gravitational field behave similarly to objects within an accelerating
enclosure. For example, an observer will see a ball fall the same way in a rocket (left) as it does on Earth (right),
provided that the acceleration of the rocket is equal to 9.8 m/s2 (the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the
Earth).
Resources
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity#Special_relativity
● https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity
● https://www.brightstorm.com/science/physics/linear-and-projectile-motion/relativity-
in-motion/
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity#Principle_of_relativity
● https://www.space.com/28738-einstein-theory-of-relativity-explained-infgraphic.html
RELATIVITY
Prepared by: Group 3
1. Ma. Monica O. Cruz 7. Krystal Leen B. Correa

2. John David P. Soriano 8. Ajin Ohmar M. Omoto
3. Regine A. Manaois 9. Jhon Alfred G. Ferrer
4. Hanson S. Sominatc 10. Deina Shein M. Domingo
5. Nikki R. Quibrantos 11. Bea Karylle C. Tobias
6. Irha Mae E. Tuliao 12. Kirtjyan Amir C. Catalan

Group 4 Relativity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Group 4 Relativity

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Group 4 Relativity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Relativity

Presented by: Group 4

Relativity is a theory of gravity. The basic idea

• Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity.

1. Ma. Monica O. Cruz 7. Krystal Leen B. Correa

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.