MATH Deductive Reasoning Application

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Lesson 3.

2: Deductive Reasoning Application

A. Magic Squares. A magic square of order n is an arrangement of numbers in a


square such that the sum of the n numbers in each row, column, and diagonal is
the same number. Use deductive reasoning to determine the missing numbers in
each magic square.

1. A magic square of order 4

16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1

2. A magic square of order 5

11 24 7 2 3
0
4 12 25 8 16
17 5 13 2 9
1
10 18 1 1 22
4
23 6 19 2 15

B. Complete the following:


1. In order to get a student driver’s license, a person must be 16 years old. Rowena will be
16 years old in two days.
Conclusion: Rowina will get a student driver’s license in two days

2. Employees have a “wash day” every Friday to allow them to wash their office clothes.
Today is Friday.
Conclusion: Employees have wash day today

3. All humans are rational. I am a human.


Conclusion: I am rational

4. All tangible materials are destined to depreciate. A car is a tangible material.


Conclusion: A car is depreciated

5. All students are eligible to be in the dean’s list. Edwin is a student.


Conclusion: Edwin in the dean’s list

C. Solve the following completely.


1. 3x + 8(x – 1) = 47
Answer: 3x + 8(x – 1) = 47
3x + 8x – 8 = 47
11x – 8 = 47
11x = 47 + 8
11x=55 x=5
2. ½(x + 2) = 5(x + 2)
Answer: ½(x + 2) = 5(x + 2)
= x/2 +1 = 5 x + 10
= x/2 – 5x = 10 – 1
= x- 10x =9
2
= - 9 x 2 18
= x = 18
-9
= x=-2
3. -2x – 1 ≤ -9
Answer; -2x ≤ - 9 + 1
- 2x ≤ - 8
2x > 8
X>4

4. Fifty-four less than 4 times a number is equal to the number. What is the number?
Answer: 54 –(4) n=n
=9

5. Two planes fly toward each other. They are 3500 kilometers apart. They pass each other
after 7.5 hours. If their speeds differ by 65 kilometers per hour, what are their speeds?
Answer: 387. 25 meters

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