Developing The Research Topic and Question: Methods of Research Roju M. Dumdum, PHD

DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH
TOPIC AND QUESTION

Methods of Research
Roju M. Dumdum, PhD

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, the students should have:
1. Defined research and enumerated its major components;
2. Analyzed the difference among research area, research topic, and
research question;
3. Provided workable statement of the problem and research objectives in
their chosen field of inquiry;
4. Prepared two-three concept papers that enable student-researchers to put
their ideas into paper for research consideration.

https://quotesgram.com/begin-with-the-end-in-mind-quotes/
RESEARCH DEFINED
• Research is an “original investigation undertaken to gain
knowledge and understand concepts in major subject areas of
specialization, and includes the generation of ideas and
information leading to new or substantially improved scientific
insights with relevance to the needs of society”(Balakumar,
Inamdar & Jagadeesh, 2013, p.130).
• “A study does not necessarily have to break completely new
ground, but it should extend previous knowledge in a useful way,
or alternatively refute existing knowledge” (Perneger & Hudelson,
2004, p. 191).

GOAL OF RESEARCH
• The principal goal of research is the preservation and
improvement of the quality of human life.
• All kinds of research are directed towards this end.
• The purpose of research is to serve man.
• The goal of research is the good life.
“Research without purpose is a meaningless endeavor.”
A review of related STEPS IN RESEARCH

literature/studies
Formulation
Development
Taking
Collection,
Identification
of Research
of Research
Problem
of the
Designing the
Research
Analysis, and Presentation of
Conclusions and
Course
Problem and
Theoretical
Framework
Methodology
Interpretation
of Data
Recommendations
of
Objectives
Action
THE RESEARCH TOPIC
A research topic is a general

area on interest that you
would like to pursue in your
research.
Newness of the topic
Qualifications of the Researcher
CONSIDERATIONS
Availability of Data
FOR THE TOPIC/
RESEARCH SELECTION Time Constraint
Edralin, 2002
Availability of Resources
Significance of topic
STEPS IN SELECTING A RESEARCH TOPIC
1. Identify a broad area of interest in your own field.
2. Dissect the broad area into sub-areas by holding a
brainstorming session with yourself, peers, groups, and
others to identify the sub-areas.
3. Select a sub-area or areas in which you would like to
conduct your research. Start with a process of elimination.
4. Raise research questions that would like to answer through
your study.
5. Assess the objectives to ascertain the feasibility of
attaining them in light of time, resources, and technical
expertise at your disposal.

STEP 1
IDENTIFY
ALCOHOLISM
STEP 2
DISSECT
1. Profile of Alcoholism
2. Causes of Alcoholism
3. The process of becoming an alcoholic
4. The effects of alcoholism in the family
5. Community attitudes towards alcoholism

STEP 3
SELECT
Effects of Alcoholism in the Family

STEP 4
RAISE QUESTIONS
1. What is the impact of alcoholism on marital
relations?
2. What are the effects of alcoholism on family
finances?
3. How does it affect the various aspects of
children’s lives?

STEP 5
ASSESS
1. Is it relevant?
2. Is it interesting?
3. Can it address the problem within the given time
frame?
4. Does it have available related literature or other
resources to shed light on the topic?
5. Is it not too technical or too sensitive?

DEPED RESEARCH PRIORITIES

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• How are the curriculum/MELCs able to

contribute in achieving learning
outcomes?
• How are the MELCs responsive and
relevant to learners?

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLE LEARNING DELIVERY

MODALITIES (LDMS) / IMPROVING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
• What are the factors affecting teacher’s delivery of

the curriculum in LDMs?
• What strategies ensure inclusive and learner-
centered education in LDMs?
• What factors affect the learning behaviors of
learners in LDMs?
• How is assessment conducted and utilized in LDMs?

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLE LEARNING DELIVERY

MODALITIES (LDMS) / IMPROVING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
• How is the language of instruction affecting teaching and

learning?
• How does achievement of learning outcomes vary in
terms of LDMs?
• How can DepEd address child protection concerns such
as bullying, teenage pregnancy, child abuse, addiction,
and media consumption in distance learning?
• How gender-responsive are the structures and policies of
distance learning?

THE RESEARCH QUESTION

• the next most crucial;
• Should be a thought-provoking question;
• the question setting as the framework;
• emerges from the title, findings/results, and problems observed in
previous studies
• mastering the literature, attendance at conferences, and discussion in
journal clubs/seminars are sources for developing research questions
Balakumar, Inamdar, & i Jagadeesh, 2013, p.130-138

KEY ATTRIBUTES OF A GOOD

RESEARCH QUESTION
The research question should be precise and not
merely identify a general area of inquiry.
• (i) specificity;
• (iI) originality or novelty; and
• (iii) general relevance to a broad scientific

community.
The question should be of interest to others who work in

Perneger & Hudelson, 2004, p.191-192
the same scientific area.
EXAMPLE OF DEVELOPING
THE RESEARCH QUESTION
Research Area:
Income Utilization
a central principle on
Research Topic: which all else
depends;
Income Utilization of OFW Families
Research Question: Relationship between two

or more variables is phrased
What is the income utilization of OFW as a question; precise and
Families in Bacolod City? focused

 
FORMAT: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
➢The Statement of the Problem becomes the
general objective (from the research question)
stated in declarative form:
Example:
• This study is aimed at identifying the income utilization
of OFW Families in Bacolod City. Specifically, it will
answer the following questions:

FORMAT: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
• The Objectives of the Study (no sub-heading) follows the Statement of the
Problem, specifying the “aims or the purposes that need to be attained at
the end of the investigation” (Edralin, 2002) in question form.
1. What is the socio-economic profile of OFW Families in terms of:
a. Household size;
b. Family type; (nuclear, extended)
c. Number of children;
d. Average Monthly Allotment;
e. Other Income ?
2. How do the participants utilize their income as to:
a. Food;
b. Transportation;
c. Education;
d. Recreation;
3. Is there a significant relationship between average monthly allotment and income utilization?
THE RESEARCH TITLE

• A working title is created until the complete paper is done.
• It can help anchor the focus of the study in much the same way
the research problem does.
• Referring back to the working title can help you reorient yourself
back to the main purpose of the study if you feel yourself drifting
off on a tangent while writing.
• Use the words in your Statement of the Problem to capture the
key variables/key words that reflect the contents of the paper.
Source: https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185911

HOW TO FORMULATE AN EFFECTIVE

RESEARCH TITLE
• Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.
• Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader
interest.
• Identify key variables, both dependent and independent.
• Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.
• Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions.
• Avoid stating if possible: grade levels, sections, name of school,
and acronyms
• Avoid using abbreviations.

An Investigation on the Use of Quick Drill Approach to

✗ Improve Grade 9 Students’ Mathematical Skills on
Integers at Walingwaling Integrated School
An Investigation on the Use of Quick Drill Approach to

Improve Grade 9 Students’ Mathematical Skills on
Integers at Walingwaling Integrated School
Quick Drill Approach on Students’

✓ Mathematical Skills on Integers
REFERENCES
Balakumar, P., Inamdar, M.N., & Jagadeesh, G. 2013. The critical steps for successful research:
The research proposal and scientific writing. Journal of Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics, Pages 130–38. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.110895
Edralin, D.M. 2002. Business Research: Concepts an Applications, 2nd ed. De La Salle University
Press: Malate, Metro Manila.
Perneger, T.V. & Huldeson, P.M. 2004. Writing a research article: advice to beginners.
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 191- 192, https://
doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzh053

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DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH

TOPIC AND QUESTION

“Research without purpose is a meaningless endeavor.”

A review of related STEPS IN RESEARCH

A research topic is a general

Effects of Alcoholism in the Family

DEPED RESEARCH PRIORITIES

• How are the curriculum/MELCs able to

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLE LEARNING DELIVERY

• What are the factors affecting teacher’s delivery of

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLE LEARNING DELIVERY

• How is the language of instruction affecting teaching and

THE RESEARCH QUESTION

Balakumar, Inamdar, & i Jagadeesh, 2013, p.130-138

KEY ATTRIBUTES OF A GOOD

• (iI) originality or novelty; and

• (iii) general relevance to a broad scientific

The question should be of interest to others who work in

Research Question: Relationship between two

FORMAT: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND

THE RESEARCH TITLE

HOW TO FORMULATE AN EFFECTIVE

An Investigation on the Use of Quick Drill Approach to

An Investigation on the Use of Quick Drill Approach to

Quick Drill Approach on Students’

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