BEFORE AND AFTER: WELL-BEING OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESSES IN

REGARDS TO PANDEMIC

A Research Proposal Presented to Marielle De la Cruz

By
Aaron James C. Quiambao

November 20, 2020

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 Republic of the Phillipines
ACLC College of Ormoc
Ormoc Campus
Lilia Avenue, Brgy Cogon, Ormoc City, Leyte

APPROVAL SHEET

This Research study entitled “BEFORE AND AFTER: WELL-BEING OF SMALL SCALE

BUSINESSES IN REGARDS TO PANDEMIC” from a student of ACLC College of Ormoc

SY 2020-2021 submitted by Aaron James C. Quiambao in partial fulfillment of the requirements

in their Research Subject has been examined and would like to have an approval and acceptance

from the respected and Honorable barangay captain Dennis L. Laurente, to allow the researcher

to conduct such study in Brgy. Alta Vista, Ormoc City, Leyte.

Hon. Dennis L. Laurente Ms. Marella Dela Cruz

Barangay Captain Research Instructor

Ms. Jerelyn Panis Mr. Aaron James C. Quiambao

Class Adviser Researcher

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Acknowledgement
First and foremost, with the forever encouragement of him and also to my research

mentor Ms. Marielle Dela Cruz, I must thank our beloved creator without their support and

committed participation in every phase of the process, this paper would never have been

accomplished. In view of the current health problems, I would like to thank you very much for

your support and understanding in recent days and months.

It took more than academic help to get through my dissertation, and I have many, many

people to thank for listening and, at times, having to tolerate me over the days. I can't begin to

articulate my love and gratitude for their friendship. In their personal and professional support

during the period, Ronnie Villegas Jr, Elmer Arradaza, Argie Cabahug, Mateo Villarin, Jane

Andreanne Romo, Richlyn Mae Campehios and Cherry Ann Abrillo. I've got to thank everyone!

Most significant, without my family, none of this could have happened. My mother

despite my own limited commitment to correspondence, she offered her time and love through

heart-to-heart speech and unwavering encouragement. It would be an understatement for my

parents and my siblings to say that, as a family, we have endured some ups and downs in the past

yet we still continue to strive. You didn't let me go every time I was about to leave, and I am

forever thankful. This study stands as a testament to your unconditional love and support.

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Dedication
This research study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our parents whom who loves us

unconditionally, source of inspiration to make the ballpoint of the pen to keep on stroking the

letters towards progress and gave us strength to conquer individuals procrastination that affects

the overall well-being of a every matter related to us. They boost ourselves not only emotionally

but also in other aspects of health such as physically, mentally, socially and spiritually.

To our brothers, sisters, relatives, neighbors, mentors, friends and classmates who shared

their words of wisdom to help in finishing this study.

And lastly, we dedicated this such study to the Almighty being, thank you for your

guidance not only in this field of stuff but also into the overall life being. All of these things, we

offer to you.

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 Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected the global and

Filipino Economy. Major victims of the COVID-19 outbreak are micro, small, and medium-

sized enterprises (MSMEs). This article aims to assess the well-being of COVID-19 outbreak on

small scale businesses in barangay Alta Vista. We adopted correlational methodology with

comprehensively reviewing the available literature, including policy documents, research papers,

and reports in the relevant field. Further, to add empirical evidence, we collected data from a

barangay in the Philippines by administering questionnaires. The data were analyzed thoroughly.

The results indicate how the pandemic affects the well-being of the research in terms to the

business world.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table of Contents
I. The Research Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
II. Review of Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
III. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Research Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Research Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Research Tool/Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Research Locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Data Collection Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
IV Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Respondent’s Demographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 22

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 Before the Covid-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
After the Covid-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Correlated Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
V Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

In this world of human kind many threats in life have been deciphered for the past

centuries, millennials and decades ago as we progressed into modernization and yet health issues

is the common one we failed to prevail for as we are not that immortals such as the Pandemic.

The terms endemic, outbreak, epidemic and pandemic relate to the occurrence of a health

condition compared to its predicted rate as well as to its spread in geographic areas (Grennan,

2019). Due to this threat, many factors have been affected ever since. Like in the world of

business. Business is an activity related to gain money by simply buying or selling of products.

Small scale business is one kind of it. According to Wikipedia Small businesses are privately

owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and/or less

annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation. Different businesses large scales to

small case one’s have been affected with their decisional making because of this health issues.

In this current times, by the existence of recent health issue drove the business world in to

affection. There are certain decisional making for the path of their business in relation to the

pandemic. That is why their decisional has been disrupted and the overall well-being of their

business seems to falter. According to DTI Sec Lopez last August 2020 said 25.9% of businesses

in the Philippines have closed, 52% in partial operation and only 22.1% in full operation in a

survey they did for the month of September (Cahiles-Magkilat2020)

However, since the start of the business health issue was been addressed of how they will

compete with it in regards for their business to strive. Some of whom were not prepared to

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handle the crisis management of companies. While several business organizations with

additional financial support have effectively managed the situation with their crisis management

plans or strategies and are now on their way to recovery however to those small scale business

entities still struggles. Early work on crisis management indicates that a sudden and unexpected

event threatens business goals and exert stress on management to take prompt action to respond

(Hermann 1963).

The researcher seek to find the overall well-being of small scale businesses in relation to

the recent the recent health issues which is the Covid-19 Pandemic. The purpose also of this

study is to find out if there is a significant relationship between Small scale business and the

Covid-19 Pandemic that shook the global business output. The researcher wanted to test out by

choosing small scale business around the barangay.

The researcher believe that this research will contribute to the principles of business,

health related issues and different aspect in life as the pandemic affects mostly of it. There are

ideas and thoughts behind the scenes of this issue that needs to be interpreted to be cleared and

oriented in current problem in the business world.

HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship of the Covid-19 to the well-being of small

scale business in the barangay.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the Covid-19 and the well-

being of the small scale businesses in the barangay.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this section, this will show the conceptual paradigm to present the figure the study:

Independent Variable (IV) Dependent Variable (DV)

How may the small scale business in the How may the small scale business in

barangay be describe in terms of; the barangay be describe after the

pandemic in terms of:

a. Monthly Income
a. Monthly Income
b. Monthly Production Rate
b. Monthly Production Rate
c. Operating hours per day
c. Operating hours per day
d. No. of personnel
d. No. of personnel

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework for The significance between the Small scale business

and the Covid-19 Pandemic in the barangay Alta Vista.

The figure shows the concept of this research entitled “BEFORE AND AFTER: WELL-

BEING OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESSES IN REGARDS TO PANDEMIC” The independent

variable is the small scale business of barangay Alta Vista in terms of their weekly income,

weekly production rate, operating time per day and no. of personnel’s. The dependent variable of

such study was the after the Covid-19 pandemic in the barangay. The scope were weekly

income, weekly production rate, operating time per day and no. of personnel’s.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify if there is a significant relationship between small scale

business and Covid-19 pandemic in Brgy. Altavista, Ormoc City, Leyte that needs to be

addressed and studied.

The general problem was specified below

1. How may the small scale business in the barangay be describe in terms of;

a. Monthly Income

b. Monthly Production Rate

c. Operating Hours

d. No. of personnel

2. How may the small scale business in the barangay be describe after the pandemic in terms of;

a. Monthly Income

b. Monthly Production Rate

c. Operating Hours

d. No. of personnel

3. Is there a significant relationship between small scale businesses and Covid-19 Pandemic in

the barangay?

4. What implications can be seen from the results to further enhance the small scale business in

the midst of pandemic?

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Significance of the Study

This study entitled “BEFORE AND AFTER: WELL-BEING OF SMALL SCALE

BUSINESSES IN REGARDS TO PANDEMIC” is being created will greatly contribute the

following;

Students. It will set as a guide especially for those graduating college students in relation to their

chosen profession to business.

Community. The community will support the study and will give importance to this situation to

help the entrepreneurs

Starting Business owners- It will help them in regards to their decisional making throughout the

different pattern apprehended by themselves.

The Researcher. The researcher’s research skills will improve and at the same time, as the

guidance services in-charge, it is a learning opportunity to identify programs that will also help

the beneficiaries.

Future Researchers. The data on this research will serve as a guide for prospective researchers
who plan to apply similar ventures.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study entitled “BEFORE AND AFTER: WELL-BEING OF SMALL SCALE

BUSINESSES IN REGARDS TO PANDEMIC” will encircle small scale business in the said the

area which is the barangay Alta Vista. All small scale business owners will be included and it

will only tackle in related to the overall well-being of business towards the pandemic by the

researcher at the ACLC College of Ormoc for the year 2020-2021.

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The main objective of the analysis is to consider the impact and consequences of the pandemic

on entrepreneurs. The study considers personal details such as the name (optional) age, gender,

business and personal experience of the respondent chosen. In order to ensure that the data

collected are manageable, the informative questionnaires are available end-to-end answers. The

data for the analysis will be based on the interview. Researchers are aware of ethical

considerations involving the identification and personal information.

Definition of Terms

To provide the readers a better understanding of the frequently used terms in the study,

the following terms are defined operationally:

Well-Being-refers to the condition or state of a being.

Pandemic-an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (as multiple

countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population: a

pandemic outbreak of a disease.

Small Scale business-Small businesses are privately owned companies, partnerships or sole

proprietorships with fewer employees and/or less annual income than a company or corporation

of a regular size. Businesses are defined as "small" in terms of being able to apply for

government support and qualify for preferential tax policy varies depending on the country and

industry.

Entreprenuer -an individual who, in order to do so, organizes and runs a company or

companies, takes on greater than usual financial risks.

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 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

The captive problem over the years shook each country in the world that has been faced

with a diverse pandemic, but the most recent of all that affects the global community as a whole

is COVID-19 (Abodunrin , Oloye G., et al Adesola 2020). This corona virus has taken the

world's entire continent into a state of dilemma, rendering economic countries' global influence

incapable of curbing this virus. Since the outbreak of the coronary virus pandemic a few months

ago, governments around the world have been confronted with the challenge of finding a lasting

solution to this devastating virus. As of March 31 2020, more than 37,800 people worldwide

have died of COVID-19, a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by coronavirus. More

than 787,000 people have tested positive and over 178 countries/regions were affected, according

to data collected by Johns Hopkins University.

Coronaviruses, according to the World Health Organization, are a family of viruses that

cause diseases ranging from common colds to more severe illnesses such as Extreme Acute

Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (MERS). These

viruses were passed on from animals to humans. When Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

(MERS) transferred from a camel type to humans, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

was transmitted from civet cats to humans.

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 The term coronavirus is derived from the Latin word corona, which means "halo crown."

This appears to be surrounded by a solar corona under an electron microscope. The novel

coronavirus, described by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020, and since linked to SARS-

CoV-2, is a new strain that had previously been identified in humans. Coronaviruses play an

important role in the transmission of gastrointestinal disease in humans, poultry, and livestock.

SARS coronavirus (or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) causes a highly infectious

respiratory disease in humans, characterized by symptoms of fever, cough, and body aches, as

well as progressive trouble breathing. Coronavirus and Torovirus are two containing genera that

differ in nucleocapsid morphology. The first is helical, while the second is tubular. The virus first

appeared in humans in 2002, and it is thought to have spread from human to human. A reservoir

for animals, most likely a horseshoe bat. The ability of the SARS coronavirus to spread to

humans eventually needed genetic changes in the virus. These changes are thought to have

occurred in the palm civet because the SARS virus present in horseshoe bats is incapable of

directly infecting humans.

The coronavirus epidemic has internationally impacted the economy. In the United

States, Europe and internationally, more economists warn of a recession as coronavirus

containment steps carry whole sectors halting the world's economy. The swiftness and magnitude

of the coronavirus slowdown has also been compared by many to the Great Depression that

started in 1929.COVID-19's shock to the global economy has been faster and more severe than

the global financial crisis of 2008 and even the Great Depression. It is observed that stock

markets collapsed by 50% or more, credit markets froze up, massive bankruptcies followed,

unemployment rates soared above 10% and GDP contracted at an annualized rate of 10% or

more. But all of this took around three years to play out. But all of this took around three years to

15
play out. In the current crisis, similarly dire macroeconomic and financial outcomes have

materialised in three weeks (Roubini, 2020).

The hardest-hit western country so far is Italy, which has especially close economic links

to China, is the hardest-hit western country so far. The new Wuhan, Northern Italy is (the

Chinese megacity where the coronavirus first emerged). The Italian government has jammed on

the brakes with its health system overloaded, shutting down the retail economy and quarantining

the entire country. All shops are closed except pharmacies and grocery stores. Humans have.

They have been told to stay at home and can only visit public places for required shopping or

commuting to work. There has been a cessation of certain public and private debt commitments

(such as housing rentals and interest payments). Italy is trying to pause the economic clock until

the coronavirus has died out (Hans, 2020). Meanwhile, while Germany so far has had very few

deaths from coronavirus, the number of infections is now skyrocketing as fast as everywhere

else. The German government has implemented a short-term job allowance in response to the

crisis and has provided generous credit aid, guarantees or tax deferrals to struggling businesses.

Public activities have been postponed around the country and they have advised

schoolchildren to stay at home. And Austria, for its part, has closed its border with Italy for a

long time. Austrian schools, colleges and the majority of shops were also closed down. France

initially followed a more relaxed approach, but now, like Spain, it has shut down its schools,

restaurants and shops as well. Denmark, Poland and and the Czech Republic have closed their

borders with Germany (Hans 2019). This pandemic also reflects not only United States but also

to other countries such as Middle Eastern one’s and Asia. Another coronavirus capable of

causing a severe acute existed yet it is located in the near east or Middle East. It is called Middle

East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The first case was found in Saudi Arabia, and other cases

16
were registered in France, Germany, Jordan, Qatar, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and the

United Kingdom in the following year. Both reported cases have been directly or indirectly

connected to the Middle East. Of all the reported cases recorded by 2019, nearly one-third ended

in death. It is speculated that Camelus dromedaries is one of the possible ways of transmission.

Similar to other coronaviruses believed to have originated in bats, the novel MERS coronavirus

was thought to have been spread from bats to other species before being transmitted to humans.

In Wuhan, China, a virus apparently closely related to the SARS coronavirus appeared in

late 2019. The Wuhan coronavirus, later referred to as extreme acute respiratory syndrome

coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused a SARS-like disease known as COVID-19 that was mainly

characterized by fever and respiratory signs. The virus was likewise highly contagious. By early

2020 it had spread throughout regions of China and had reached the United States and Europe,

having been carried by travelers from affected regions. In March the World Health Organization

declared the outbreak a pandemic. The immediate effect propagated by commodity networks and

financial markets, with global oil and metals prices dropping to multi-year lows, causes many

large EMDEs to face pressure from the financial sector.

The pandemic also affected the economic status of different status in other countries not

only in our continent. The uprising victims continue to soar high as the time flees. Countless

people are suffering in terms of their health issues and the sectors of the living life

accommodates the downfall due to this unpreceded virus Covid-19. The Philippine Economy

during the COVID Pandemic the first quarter 2020 saw a decline in GDP of -0.7%. January 2020

was affected by the eruption of Taal Volcano which threw ashes as far out as Metro Manila, and

affected transportation, agriculture and livestock in the surrounding areas. The author, however,

thinks that the small decline in GDP in the first quarter is more due to the strong lockdown

17
(Enhanced Community Quarantine) imposed on Mar. 17 to May 31. Though this involves less

than half a month in the first quarter, the economy had already been hit hard starting Mar. 7

when the first local transmission of the COVID19 virus at Greenhills, San Juan City was

confirmed. Since then, people panicked and avoided malls and crowded areas. Many remained at

home. This affected retail sales of manufactures, transportation, and services. Also, all over the

world, there was a sharp contraction in air travel for tourists and businessmen due to lockdowns

abroad or voluntary cancellation of individuals afraid of contracting COVID-19 in other

countries. Lim (2020). This shows that during the introduction of the year 2020 in Philippines

implies negative economic status as well as the other sectors in economy.

The Global Economic status is in the grave of danger caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic

that broke out in the City of Wuhan, China. Most economical status saw a massive downfall in

the beginning year of 2020 due to hustled spreading of this unforeseen virus. It is just like a kind

of nebula that enraged abruptly affecting the surroundings. Variations of preparations and

counterfeiting to ease the content and minimize the effect of virus is can be seen worldwide.

The Philippines is in serious crisis over the inability to curb the COVID pandemic and

the need for lockdowns and strong physical distance policies, which in effect decreases many

economic activities, especially in travel, tourism, arts and entertainment, hotels and restaurants,

and most goods for manufacturing and many services due to decreased demand as most people

stay indoors. The bulk of the time. In both countering COVID and addressing the economy, the

Philippine government needs to shape up by creating a stronger fiscal stimulus for a collapsing

economy. It has one of the world's lowest economic incentives. There should be a forward-

looking Philippines. Most possibly, the COVID problem will be solved in three years. As the

18
propagation and research for the vial of cure to this vaccine we must remain diligent, faithful and

strong.

CHAPTER III
Methodology
Research Design

This study will employ the use of Correlational research design. A correlational research

design measures a relationship between two variables without the researcher controlling either of

them which is the impact caused by the independent variable by the small scale business in the

barangay to the dependent variable by the Covid -19 pandemic. This is a quantitative method

that uses survey questionnaires to collect data from the respondents.

Research Sampling

The study shall employ the use of Convenience Sampling, it is the easiest method of

sampling, because participants are selected based on availability and willingness to take part.

Useful results can be obtained, but the results are prone to significant bias, because those who

volunteer to take part may be different from those who choose not to (volunteer bias), and the

sample may not be representative of other characteristics, such as age or sex (PHAST 2020).

Since the study is intended to show the significance between the small scale business and the

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Covid-19 pandemic, the researcher chose to do the research to the available and willing

participants only.

The population of the study will be compromised of 50 participants of small scale

business owners in barangay Alta Vista in which 74% of them will be used respondents.

According to Population Proportion Sample Size Calculator, the suggested population for

the small scale business owners must be 74% of the total participants to get a reliable results.

Table 1. Research Sampling

No. of small scale business SAMPLING

owner’s in the barangay

50 37.5

Research Respondents

The respondents in this study comprises the small case business entrepreneurs in Brgy.

Alta Vista, Ormoc City. The respondents will be selected randomly both female and male.

Research Instrument

For the success of this research the instrument used for this study will be printed and be

disseminated to the small scale businesses in the area. It compromises three parts about

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respondent’s demographics and the before and after well-being of the small scale businesses in

the barangay.

Research Environment/Locale

The researcher will conduct such study in Brgy. Alta Vista, Ormoc City where the

researcher and respondents are currently living.

Data Collection Procedure

In this section will state the sequence of how the researcher will gather the data.

At first the researcher constructs a title and was being validated to the Instructor. The researcher

made use of Experimental method.

DATA ANALYSIS

The responses on the instrument were collected and analyzed. Percentages were

calculated from the responses out of the total study sample response per item. The hypothesis

were tested by calculating the correlated data from the independent and dependent variable.

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 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the analysis and interprets the data gathered in order to draw out

important information and significant points about the well-being of small scale business in

barangay Alta Vista, Ormoc City, Leyte

Part I: Respondent’s Demographic

Table 1.A: Gender

No. of
Sex Percentage
respondents
M 27 54%

F 23 46%

TOTAL 50 100%

Table 1.A shows that 54% percent of the respondents were male while 46% of it were

female.

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Table 1.B: Age

No. of
AGE Percentage
respondents
18-30 20 40%
31 and
30 60%
above
TOTAL 50 100%

Table 1.B shows how many percentage do 18-30 years of age and 31 and above of age

participated in such study. 20 respondents ranges 18-30 years of age and 30 respondents were 31

and above.

Part II: BEFORE

Table 2.A: Monthly Income before the Covid-19

Month
Average Income
Category Percentage per
Feb. March. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. month

(0-3,999 PHP)
LOW INCOME 15 17 12 10 7 8 8 8 9 7 10
CATEGORY

PERCENTAGE
out of 50 30% 34% 24% 20% 14% 16% 16% 16% 18% 14% 20% 20%
respondents

(4,000-,7,999
PHP ) Medium 20 20 25 25 30 25 29 27 25 23 27
Income Category

PERCENTAGE
out of 50 40% 40% 50% 50% 60% 50% 58% 49% 50% 44% 49% 50%
respondents
(8,000-and
above PHP)
15 13 13 15 13 17 13 15 16 20 13
High Income
Category
PERCENTAGE
out of 50 30% 26% 26% 30% 26% 34% 26% 30% 32% 40% 26% 30%
respondents

The table 2.A shows the Monthly Income of the respondents before the C0vid-19 and it

was subdivided into three groups which are the Low income Category ranging the monthly

income from 0-3,999 pesos, Medium Income category ranging 4,000-7,999 pesos and High

23
Income Category ranging 8,000 pesos and above. Percentage out of 50 respondents were also

presented starting from the month February until December (11 months). Average Income per

month shows that 20% of the respondents belong to the Low Income Category, 50% for Medium

Income Category and 30% for the High Income Category.

Table 2.B: Monthly Production Percentage before the Covid-19

Monthly Production Percenatage

Scale No. of Respondents Percentage Category
0-25% Poor
26-50% Good
51-75% Better
76-100% 50 100% Best

The table 2.B shows the Monthly Production Percentage before the Covid-19 and it was

subdivided into four categories which are the Poor 0-25%, Good 26-50%, Better 51-75% and

Best 76-100%. 50 out of 50 respondents has the monthly percentage of 100% which means that

they belong to the category of the best.

Table 2.C: Operating Hours per Day before the Covid-19.

Operational Hours

No. of hours No. of Respondents Percentage

2 0
4 1 2.00%
6 0
8 30 60.00%
10 and above 19 38%

24
 Table 2.C represents the Operational hours per day before the Covid-19 of the small scale

business in the barangay. The 2% of the respondents has 4 hours of operation per day, 60% has 8

hours operation a day and 38% has 10 hours and above operation a day.

Table 2.D: No. of Personnel’s within the business before the Covid-19.

Personnel within the business

No. of personnels No. of Respondents Percentage
1 12 24.00%
2 11 22.00%
3 6 12.00%
4 14 28.00%
5 and above 7 14%

Table abovementioned shows the no. of personnel within the business before the Covid-

19. It shows that 24% or 12 out of 50 respondents has 1 personnel, 22% or 11 percent has 2

personnel, 12% or 6 respondents has 3 personnel, 28% or 14 respondents has 4 personnel and

14% or 7 respondents has 5 personnel and above

PART III: AFTER

Table 3.A: Monthly Income after the Covid-19

Month
Average Income
Category Percentage per
Feb. March. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. month

(0-3,999 PHP)
LOW INCOME 36 33 35 36 32 32 28 27 23 24 27
CATEGORY

PERCENTAGE
out of 50 72% 66% 70% 72% 64% 64% 56% 54% 46% 48% 54% 61%
respondents

(4,000-,7,999
PHP ) Medium 14 17 15 14 18 18 22 23 27 26 23
Income Category

PERCENTAGE
out of 50 28% 34% 30% 28% 36% 36% 44% 46% 54% 52% 46% 39%
respondents
(8,000-and
above PHP)
High Income
Category
PERCENTAGE
out of 50 0%
respondents

25
 The table 2.A shows the Monthly Income of the respondents after the Covid-19 and it

was subdivided into three groups which are the Low income Category ranging the monthly

income from 0-3,999 pesos, Medium Income category ranging 4,000-7,999 pesos and High

Income Category ranging 8,000 pesos and above. Percentage out of 50 respondents were also

presented starting from the month February until December (11 months). Average Income

percentage per month shows that 61% of the respondents belong to the Low Income Category,

39% for Medium Income Category and 0% for the High Income Category.

Table 3.B: Monthly Production Percentage after the Covid-19

Monthly Production Percenatage

Scale No. of Respondents Percentage Category
0-25% 3 6% Poor
26-50% 37 74% Good
51-75% 5 10% Better
76-100% 5 10% Best

The table 3.B shows the Monthly Production Percentage before the Covid-19 and it was

subdivided into four categories which are the Poor 0-25%, Good 26-50%, Better 51-75% and

Best 76-100%. 3 out of 50 respondents has the monthly percentage of 6% that belongs to the

poor category, 37 respondents or 74% belong to the good category, 10% belong to the better

category and only 10% belong to the best category.

Table 3.C: Operating Hours per Day after the Covid-19.

Operational Hours
No. of hours No. of Re spondents Perce ntage
2 3 6.00%
4 10 20.00%
6 23 46.00%
8 13 26.00%
10 and above 1 2%

26
 Table 3.C represents the Operational hours per day after the Covid-19 of the small scale

business in the barangay. The 6% of the respondents has 2 hours of operation per day, 20% has 4

hours operation a day, 46% has 8 hours operation a day and 2% has 10 hours and above

operation a day.

Table 3.D: No. of Personnel’s within the business after the Covid-19.

Personnel within the business

No. of personnels No. of Respondents Percentage
1 28 56.00%
2 14 28.00%
3 5 10.00%
4 0 0.00%
5 and above 3 6%

Table abovementioned shows the no. of personnel within the business after the Covid-19.

It shows that 56% or 28 out of 50 respondents has 1 personnel, 28% or 14 percent has 2

personnel, 10% or 5 respondents has 3 personnel, 0 respondents for 4 personnel and only 6% or

3 respondents has 5 personnel and above.

PART IV: Correlated Data

Chart 1: Correlated Monthly Income

27
 Correlated Monthly Income
Low Income Category Medium Income Category High Income Category

61%

50%

39%

0.3

20%

Before After

The Chart above shows the results about the Correlated monthly income of small scale

businesses in the barangay. The progress of monthly income in Low Income Category, from a

percentage of 20% it increased to 61% after the pandemic while the medium income category

decreased from 50% to 39% and the high income category greatly declined from 30% down to 0.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship of the Covid-19 to the well-being of small

scale business in the barangay.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the Covid-19 and the well-

being of the small scale businesses in the barangay.

Chart 2: Correlated Monthly Production Rate.

28
 Correlated Monthly Production Rate
120%
Poor Good Better Best

100%
100%

80% 76%

60%

40%

20%
12%
6% 6%

0%
Before After

The chart above shows the represents the data gathered about Correlated Monthly

Production rate of the small scale businesses in barangay. It is categorized into four different

groups with specific ranges of production rate namely the poor, good, better and best. 50 or

100% of the respondents produced a 100% production before the pandemic in which it 100% of

the respondents categorized best in terms of monthly production rate. After the pandemic the

category of poor has a 6% production rate, good has a 76% rate, better with a 6% rating and best

with only a 12% production rate.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship of the Covid-19 to the well-being of small

scale business in the barangay.

29
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the Covid-19 and the well-

being of the small scale businesses in the barangay.

Chart 3: Correlated Operational hours per day

2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 10 hours

35
Correlated Operati onal Hours Per Day
30
30
NO. of respondents

25 23
20 19

15 13
10
10
5 2 2
0 1 1
0
Before After

The Correlated Operational hours per day above shows the progress of the small scale

business in barangay before and after Covid-19. As the time before the pandemic, 19 respondents

have 10 hours and above of operating a day, 30 respondent with a 8 hours of operation, 2

respondent with a 6 hours of operation and only 1 respondent with a 2 hours of operation. The

sudden changes burst because after the pandemic only 1 respondent has a 10 hours and above of

operation, 13 respondent with 8 hours of operation, 23 respondents with a 6 hours of operation,

10 respondents with a 4 hours of operation and 2 respondents with 2 hours of operation a day.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship of the Covid-19 to the well-being of small

scale business in the barangay.

30
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the Covid-19 and the well-

being of the small scale businesses in the barangay.

Chart 4: Correlated No. of personnel

Correlated No. of personnels

1 2 3 4 5 and above

56%

0.28 28%
24% 22%

12% 14%
10%
6%
0

Before After

The chart shows the data of how was the well-being of the personnel in the small

scale businesses in the barangay progressed. Before the Covid-19 24% of the respondents has an

only 1 personnel, 22% has 2 personnel within the business, 12% has 3 personnel, 28% has 4

personnel and 14% has a personnel and above. The moment after the pandemic stricken,

respondent with 1 personnel increased to 56%, respondent with 2 personnel from a percentage of

22% it increased to 28%, respondent having 3 personnel declined to 10% from 12%, respondents

with 4 personnel decreased into 0 and 5 personnel and above respondent’s decreased into 6%.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship of the Covid-19 to the well-being of small

scale business in the barangay.

31
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the Covid-19 and the well-

being of the small scale businesses in the barangay.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY

The main purpose of this study is to explain how the Pandemic shook the business world

that leads into many consequential decision making of an entrepreneur. This study is directed to

the small scale business owners around the barangay of Alta Vista Ormoc City Leyte. Researcher

used questionnaires to obtain information regarding to the chosen study. Simple Random

Sampling will be used for such study

32
CONCLUSIONS

In the sense of the business world, downfall and breakthrough of businesses is normal

and expected to happen controversially. Different entrepreneurs usually face varieties of

conjunctions in their as a business owners ethically. This Research Paper aims to subdue and

comprehends how the business owners in small scale business react and put actions in regards to

the global concern of health with such protocols.

It is crystal clear that the coronavirus pandemic has affected the world generally, its

implication on the global economy cannot be undermined because first, on page 14 the result of

the correlated monthly income of the owners comprehends that the pandemic made mostly of the

entrepreneurs to be categorized in the lowest category which is the “Low Income Category.

Second, on page 28 the soaring high production rate of the business was stricken down by the

Covid-19 as per “Chart 2: Correlated Monthly Production Rate” showed. Third, on page 29

operating actions in business towards also fell of as the data shows by the “Chart 3: Correlated

Operating Hours per Day” and lastly, a recent decreased of personnel were also seen by the data

on page 30 in “Chart 4: Correlated No. of Personnel. Entrepreneurships nowadays in the midst of

the pandemic tackles the downfall of it. Based on the researcher’s different findings from the

information obtained from the respondents; The Pandemic negatively impacted the businesses

due to different factors such as financial difficulties, government health protocols, Jobless

persons continues to soar, deaths and country’s income rate deflation. The current situation puts

up a reaction to every individual widely causing them stressors, opted to find ways for personal

care solely, discriminations, poor people being left behind, and etc..,

Yet this current situations gave us the strength to continue moving forward. It makes the

mindset of an individual being not to stop, not to give up, not to end but continue to stand for

33
each and every sunrise to be seen. There is a Chinese proverb that’s says “A Gem cannot be

polished without nor man without problems in life.” We must continue to grind ourselves to the

bitterness of the reality that we are facing with for us to see the better versions and stronger

improvements of ourselves in the near future as we slowly beat the pandemic.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The study therefore recommends that:

 Palliative measures should be put in place for everybody; this will help in reducing the

economic hardship been experienced as a result of this pandemic

 Government must ensure that residences adhere strictly to all rules and regulations set

aside to avert the spread of the virus to lessen the impact.

REFERENCES

[1] Abodunrin , Oloye G., et al Adesola (2020), CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AND ITS
IMPLICATION ON GLOBAL ECONOMY. CORONAVIRUS-PANDEMIC-AND-ITS-
IMPLICATION-ON-GLOBAL-ECONOMY.pdf (researchgate.net)
[2] Cahiles-Magkilat, B. (2020), “Closure of 26% of PH businesses alarms DTI,” Business

News, Manila Bulletin, July 16, 2020, https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/16/closure-of-26-of-

ph-businesses-alarms-dti/

[3] Greenan D. (2019). What Is a Pandemic?. What Is a Pandemic? | Global Health | JAMA |

JAMA Network

[4] Hans, S. (2019). Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420European patients

with mild-to-moderate coronavirusdisease 2019. Clinical and epidemiological

34
 characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild‐to‐moderate coronavirus disease

2019 (wiley.com)

[5] Herman, C. (1963). “Some Consequences of Crisis Which Limit the Viability of

Organizations”. Some Consequences of Crisis Which Limit the Viability of

Organizations on JSTOR

[6] Lim, J. (2020). The Philippine Economy During the COVID Pandemic. ADMU WP

2020-1ateneo.pdf

[7] “Philippines GDP Annual Growth Rate”. https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/gdp-

growth-annual

[8] Roubine, N. (2020). A Greater Depression?. a-greater-depression.pdf

[9] Yeo, L. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Asia-Europe relations.

Yeo2020_Article_ImpactOfCovid-19PandemicOnAsia.pdf

APPENDICES

Good Day everyone! My name is Aaron James C. Quiambao from grade 12 Abm-b of

ACLC College of Ormoc. I am here to conduct a study entitled “BEFORE AND AFTER:

WELL-BEING OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESSES IN REGARDS TO PANDEMIC“. This such

study will interpret of what is the current condition/s of the small scale business in regards to the

Covid-19 in barangay Alta Vista, Ormoc City. The aim of the study is to assess the overall well-

being of small businesses in relation to recent health issues, such as the Covid-19 Pandemic. The

aim of this research is to see if there is a correlation between small businesses and the Covid-19

Pandemic, which wreaked havoc on global business performance.

35
 The researcher may make the respondents' names optional before they have completed

their detailed information in order to protect the respondent's data. The researcher should ensure

that the information obtained from the respondents is encrypted, highly secret, and kept

confidential. This paper is intended for academic purposes only, panelist, school’s dean, and

room advisers have access to the results. The researcher will ensure the safety of respondent’s

information.

Please put a check on the box below and signature on the line given in order to confirm

your approval to proceed to the questions in regards to the study.

I have totally read and understand the terms and willing to proceed.

(Respondent’s Signature)

The study entitled “BEFORE AND AFTER: WELL-BEING OF SMALL SCALE

BUSINESSES IN REGARDS TO PANDEMIC “will use structured questionnaires as a tool
for collecting and gathering the data.
Survey Questionnaire
PART 1: RESPONDENTS INFORMATION
NAME (OPTIONAL): ________________________________
DATE: 2021
SEX: ____
AGE: ____
BUSINESS TYPE: _________________

PART 2: BEFORE
Instructions: Please check if your monthly income is in the range given below.
1.
MONTHLY INCOME

36
 AMOUNT Feb. March April May Jun July Aug Sept Oct. Nov Dec.
e . . .
0-999 php
1,000-1,999
php
2,000-2,999
php
3,000-3,999
php
4,000-4,999
php
5,000-5,999
php
6,000-6,999
php
7,000-7,999
php
8,000-8,999
php
9,000-9,999
php
10,000 and
Above php

2. Monthly Production rate (Percentage):______________

Instructions: Please check if your operating hours per day is in the range given below.

3.

OPERATING HOURS PER DAY

2 hours
4 hours
6 hours
8 hours
10 hours and above

4. No. of personnel within the business entity: ___________

PART 3: AFTER THE PANDEMIC

Instructions: Please check if your monthly income is in the range given below.

1.

37
 MONTHLY INCOME

AMOUNT Feb. March April May Jun July Aug Sept Oct. Nov Dec.
e . . .
0-999 php
1,000-1,999
php
2,000-2,999
php
3,000-3,999
php
4,000-4,999
php
5,000-5,999
php
6,000-6,999
php
7,000-7,999
php
8,000-8,999
php
9,000-9,999
php
10,000 and
Above php

2. Monthly Production rate (Percentage):______________

Instructions: Please check if your operating hours per day is in the range given below.

3.

OPERATING HOURS PER DAY

2 hours
4 hours
6 hours
8 hours
10 hours and above

4. No. of personnel within the business entity: ___________

38
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

39
Name: Aaron James C. Quiambao

Address: Barangay Alta Vista, Ormoc City, Leyte

Birthday: February 11, 2002

Contact #: n/a

Email address: aaronjamesquiambao113@gmail.com

Civil status: Single

Sex: Male

Height: 175.26cm

Weight: 59 Kg

Reliogion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Father’s Name: Florante L. Quiambao

Occupation: Collector

Mother’s Name: Mila C. Quiambao

Occupation: Bookkeeper

EDUCATIONJAL BACKGROUND

Primary: Ormoc City Central School

Junior High School: New Ormoc City National High School (NOCNHS)

40
Senior High School: Aclc College Of Ormoc

41