Name: Oliveros,Christian Joy, M.

Section: BSP-13 Date: September 18,2021

THE CELL

Draw the plant cell and animal cell. Label its parts. Make one label only at the center of the
two cells so as to differentiate the presence or absence of cell parts.
Name: _____________________ Section: ________________ Date: _____________

Enumerate the parts of a typical cell and give its description and its functions.
Definition and Function of the Plant Cell

1. Cell Membrane - Cell membranes protect and organize cells. All cells have an outer
plasma membrane that regulates not only what enters the cell, but also how much of
any given substance comes in.

2. Cell Wall - This is the rigid outermost layer of a plant cell. It makes the cell stiff
-providing the cell with mechanical support - and giving it protection.

3. Cytoplasm - Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen.

4. Nuclear Membrane – The nuclear envelope is a barrier that separates the nuclear
contents from the surrounding cytoplasm in plant and other eukaryotic cells.

5. Nucleus - The nucleus is responsible for controlling and regulating the cell's
functions such as development and metabolism as well as carrying the genes.

6. Ribosomes - A ribosome is a micro-machine that produces proteins. Special proteins

and nucleic acids make up ribosomes

7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – The rough ER's job is to provide a location for
ribosomes to create proteins, and proteins are one of the most critical components of
a cell.

8. Vacuoles – Plant vacuoles are huge compartments that occupy a major portion of
plant cells up to 90%.

9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – The rough ER is involved in the manufacture,

folding, quality control, and dispatch of certain proteins, and is studded with
millions of membrane bound ribosomes.

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum – Proteins enter the endomembrane system through the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is also involved in lipid generation and storage.

11. Chloroplast - Photosynthesis is the most important function of chloroplasts. Fatty

acid and amino acid production are among the activities they perform.

12. Golgi Body - also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process
and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be
exported from the cell.
 13. Mitochondria - Mitochondria are a type of mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells.
The primary function of mitochondria is cellular respiration.

Definition and Function of the Animal Cell

1.

Name: ________________________ Section: _____________ Date: _______

 MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

MATERIALS NEEDED:
Microscope
Iodine Solution
Toothpicks
2 pcs. Glass slide and cover slips
Onion bulb
CYTOLOGY

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It is the common
denominator of all living things. The size and form of the cells vary, but each kind is fairly
uniform in a given species of animal. The study of cells is called CYTOLOGY. For much
cytological study with a microscope, cells or group of cells are killed and fixed by chemical
reagents or frozen, cut into sections, mounted on glass slides, and stained to differentiate
the parts.

PLANT CELL
FRESH MOUNT, PLANT CELL

Peel off a small thin layer of the onionskin and spread it on a glass slide. Put a drop
of iodine solution, and cover with a cover slip. Focus first using the scanner objective then
shift to LPO. Examine a cell under HPO. Observe the tiny structures inside the nucleus of
the cell.
Draw two cells under the LPO and one cell under the HPO. Label the following
parts: cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleus. Under HPO label the nuclear membrane,
chromatin material and nucleolus.

Plant Cell, Fresh Mount Plant Cell, Fresh Mount

LPO HPO
 ANIMAL CELL

FRESH MOUNT, ANIMAL CELL

Gently scrape the inner lining of your cheek with the blunt end of the toothpick.
Spread this on a glass slide then put a drop of iodine solution and cover with a cover slip.
There seems to be nothing on the toothpick but there are plenty of tiny cells attached to it.
Focus under the scanner then LPO. Take note of the shape of the cells. Study a cell under
HPO. Compare this cell with the plant cells previously seen.
Draw two animal cells under the LPO and label the following parts: cell membrane,
cytoplasm, and nucleus. Draw one cell under the HPO and label the above parts including
the nuclear membrane, chromatin materials and nucleolus.

Animal Cell, Fresh Mount Animal Cell, Fresh Mount

LPO HPO
Name: _________________________ Section: ______________ Date: ____________

QUESTIONS: CYTOLOGY

1. Using LPO, what parts of the cell were seen and identified? Under HPO?

LPO- The only parts seen under LPO was the cell membrane, nucleus, and
cytoplasm. In the LPO the cells were farther and you could only see a few
organelles.

HPO- Under the HPO, the parts of the cell that were seen were the cell
membrane, nuclear membrane, and cytoplasm, the chromatin materials
inside the nucleus, and the nucleolus
 2. Differentiate an animal from a plant cell on the basis of:

Animal Cell Plant Cell

a. Shape -Animal cells are mostly round and irregular in shape while plant cells
have fixed, rectangular shapes.

b. Size - Animal cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length, while plant

cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length

3. What are the parts present in animal cell absent in plant cell and vice-versa?

-Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not.
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large
central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.

4. What is the purpose of iodine solution in preparing fresh mounts of cells?

- In addition to making slides easier to examine, iodine is often used as a starch

indicator in science experiments. When iodine is introduced to a substance that contains
starch, it will turn to a dark blue or blue-black hue.

Name: _____________________ Section: _________ Date: __________

CELL DIVISION

For a study of animal mitosis, get a prepared slide of whitefish blastula or the uterus
of Ascaris and examine this under HPO. Identify all the stages of mitosis and the parts of
the cell. Identify the centriole, asters and cleavage furrow, which cannot be seen in plant
mitosis. Draw a cell undergoing interphase. Label the parts.
INTERPHASE

Draw the cell undergoing the different stages of mitosis. Label the parts
Name: __________________ Section: ___________ Date: _________
 Questions for Review: Cell Division

1. What is the importance of cell division?

-Cell division is essential for the growth and development of all living creatures. Cell
division is a necessary part of all living creatures' reproduction because it allows
them to pass on their genetic material to their offspring

2. What is mitosis?

-Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell
division). During mitosis one cell? divides once to form two identical cells. The
major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells.

3. What is the importance of Interphase?

-Each cell spends over 90% of its life in the process of interphase. Without
interphase there is no possible way a cell would be able to divide because there
would be nothing to divide. Interphase is the period of time where the cell grows,
creates necessary proteins, and most importantly duplicates its chromosomes. If the
DNA was not replicated then the cell would not have the amount of needed
materials to divide.

4. If an animal cell contains 46 chromosomes in prophase, how many

chromosomes will be present in each cell at late telophase?

-At this point, nuclear division begins, and the parent cell is divided in half, forming 2
daughter cells. Each daughter cell will have half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23
chromosomes.

5. Do all cells in the body undergo mitosis? Why?

-No, because other cell not undergo mitosis like skin cell, red blood cell and etc