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    NPTEL Course: Ground Improvement

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    Industry Standard Structural Design
    This document provides an overview of ground improvement techniques. It discusses the need for ground improvement due to problematic soil conditions and scarcity of suitable construction sites. Various types of problematic soils are described such as collapsible, liquefiable, expansive, and soft soils. The document then classifies ground modification techniques and lists common ground improvement and treatment methods. Key factors for selecting techniques are outlined, including soil type, project requirements, costs, and construction time. Objectives of ground improvement like increasing strength and reducing compressibility are also mentioned.

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    NPTEL Course: Ground Improvement

    Uploaded by

    Industry Standard Structural Design
    59 views12 pages
    This document provides an overview of ground improvement techniques. It discusses the need for ground improvement due to problematic soil conditions and scarcity of suitable construction sites. Various types of problematic soils are described such as collapsible, liquefiable, expansive, and soft soils. The document then classifies ground modification techniques and lists common ground improvement and treatment methods. Key factors for selecting techniques are outlined, including soil type, project requirements, costs, and construction time. Objectives of ground improvement like increasing strength and reducing compressibility are also mentioned.

    Original Title

    Lecture 02

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    This document provides an overview of ground improvement techniques. It discusses the need for ground improvement due to problematic soil conditions and scarcity of suitable construction sites. Various types of problematic soils are described such as collapsible, liquefiable, expansive, and soft soils. The document then classifies ground modification techniques and lists common ground improvement and treatment methods. Key factors for selecting techniques are outlined, including soil type, project requirements, costs, and construction time. Objectives of ground improvement like increasing strength and reducing compressibility are also mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views12 pages

    NPTEL Course: Ground Improvement

    Uploaded by

    Industry Standard Structural Design
    This document provides an overview of ground improvement techniques. It discusses the need for ground improvement due to problematic soil conditions and scarcity of suitable construction sites. Various types of problematic soils are described such as collapsible, liquefiable, expansive, and soft soils. The document then classifies ground modification techniques and lists common ground improvement and treatment methods. Key factors for selecting techniques are outlined, including soil type, project requirements, costs, and construction time. Objectives of ground improvement like increasing strength and reducing compressibility are also mentioned.

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    Lecture 2

    NPTEL Course

    GROUND
    IMPROVEMENT
    Prof. G L Sivakumar Babu
    Department of Civil Engineering
    Indian Institute of Science
    Bangalore 560012
    Email: gls@civil.iisc.ernet.in
    Module I
     Need for Ground Improvement
     Different types of problematic soils
     Emerging trends in ground Improvement
    Introduction

     Scarcity of suitable construction sites

     Problem soils
     Collapsible soils
     Liquefiable soils
     Waste materials
     Expansive and shrinkage
     Marshy and soft soils
     Karst deposits
     Wide application

     Economy
    Classification of ground modification
    techniques

     Mechanical modification
     Hydraulic modification
     Physical and chemical modification
     Modification by inclusion and confinement
     Combination of the above
    Methods for Soil Improvement
    Ground Ground Ground
    Reinforcement Improvement Treatment

    • Stone Columns • Surface • Soil Cement


    • Soil Nails Compaction • Lime Admixtures
    • Micropiles • Drainage/Surcharge • Flyash
    • Jet Grouting • Electro-osmosis • Dewatering
    • Ground Anchors • Compaction • Heating/Freezing
    • Geosynthetics grouting • Vitrification
    • Fibers • Blasting
    • Lime Columns • Dynamic
    • Vibro-Concrete Compaction
    Column
    • Mechanically
    Stabilized Earth
    • Biotechnical
    Factors affecting the selection of ground
    improvement technique
     Type and degree of improvement
    required
     Bearing capacity improvement, settlement
    reduction, permeability enhancement/decrease,
    long term/short term, liquefaction resistance.

     Type of soil, geological structure, seepage


    conditions
     Type of clay/sand and foundation, role of pore
    pressure and seepage, presence of diffcult
    geological condition.
     Costs, equipment, specifications
    • Size of the project, availability of equipment,
    transportation costs, experienced contractors,
    Specification of work, guidance documents.

     Construction time
    • Construction time available, use of accelerated
    construction techniques
     Possible damage to adjacent structure
    or pollution of ground water resources

     Tolerable levels of loading and deformation, pore


    water contamination

     Durability of the materials involved


     Short term and long term, corrosion, aggressive
    soil condition.
    Continued… :

     Toxicity and corrosivity of any chemical


    additives

    • Government regulations may restrict the choice of


    additives
    • Using Vitrification of soils to limit radio active or
    hazardous wastes,
    • Ex: Remediation of chromium-contaminated soil
    through ex situ vitrification (ASCE journal paper)

     Reversibility or irreversibility of the process

     Ex: Lime added to expensive soil reacts in presence


    of sulphate
     Reusability of components such as steel,
    plastics, concrete etc
     Reliability of methods of testing, analysis and
    design

    • Good methods of testing, proven methods


    of design and analysis should be used and
    empirical approaches need to be avoided

     Feasibility of construction control and


    performance measurements

    • Documents of quality control and


    performance are required in major ground
    improvement projects
    Objectives of ground improvement
    techniques
     Increase strength
     Reduce distortion under stress (Increases
    stress-strain modulus)
     Reduce compressibility (volume decreases
    due to a reduction in air voids or water
    content under loads)
     Ex: Additives, fibers, reinforcement

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