National Science Research Program - 26 Jan

Science Research Program of Ethiopia
Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MoSHE)

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
November, 2020
Science Research Program of Ethiopia. MoSHE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. November 2020
Table of Contents
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... 3
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 5
2. BACKGROUND AND STRATEGIC CONTEXT........................................................................... 6
2.1 Situational Analysis ..........................................................................................................7
2.2 Approach and Scope .........................................................................................................9
2.3 Policy Statement ..............................................................................................................9
2.6 Expected Outcomes ........................................................................................................ 10
3. PROGRAMME COMPONENT ............................................................................................. 11
3.1 Human Capital Development .......................................................................................... 11
3.1.1 Strategy 1: Expanding and Strengthening Science in Basic Education ...................................................11
3.1.2 Strategy 2: Establishing Scientific and Technology Institutes ................................................................13
3.1.3 Strategy 3: Producing Highly Qualified Science Research Professionals ...............................................15
3.2 Enterprises Development ............................................................................................... 16

3.2.1 Strategy 1: Promoting Science Research for Productive Enterprises Opportunities ..............................17
3.3 Scientific Research and Innovation.................................................................................. 19

3.3.1 Strategy 1: Establish Scientific Research and Innovation Institutions ....................................................19
3.4: Knowledge Management ............................................................................................... 21

3.4.1 Strategy 1: Establish a National Science Information System ......................................... 22
3.4.2 Strategy 2: Establishing Research, Innovations and Publications Ethics System ....................................23
3.5 Partnership and International Cooperation ..................................................................... 24

3.5.1 Strategy1: Ensure Incorporation of Science Capacity Building Elements in Bilateral and
Multilateral Agreements............................................................................................ 24
3.6.1 Strategy1: Create Strong Incentive and Reward Schemes .....................................................................26
4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ..................................................................................... 29

5. REVIEW OF THIS SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM (SRP) ...................................................... 54
5.1. Procedures of the updating of the SRP ........................................................................... 54
5.2 Authority of updating the SRP......................................................................................... 54
6. RESULT-BASED MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS (RBM) OF THE SRP ............................................ 54
7. SYNERGY OF THE VARIOUS PROGRAM COMPONENTS OF THE SRP IN RELATION TO
NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCIENCE RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ................................................. 55
ACRONYMS
HCD Human Capacity Development

HEIs Higher Education Institutes
HERIs Higher Education Research Institutes
IRB Institutional Review Board
KPIs Key Performance Indicators
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
MOSHE Ministry of Science and Higher Education
PC Program Component
R&D Research and Development
RBM Result-based Management
RIs Research institutes
SRP Science Research Program
STI Science, Technology and Innovation
TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training
UIL University-Industry Linkage
UNESCO United Nation Economic Social and Cultural Organization
WSF World Science Forum
Definition of Key Terms
Science: A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge by virtue of testable
explanations and predictions about the universe. It is the observation, identification, description,
experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. It is also the
pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following
a systematic methodology based on evidence.
Science culture: The term science defined above, when it combines with culture as science
culture, it creates harmonious combination of knowledge, practices, social organization
conceived as the instrument of integration and processing of values, attitudes and designs in the
development of society lead by science with critical thinking, and the due respect and
acknowledgement of social ethics and norms as they make progressive dynamic changes over
time.
Research: The creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and
creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could
include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative
outcomes.
Knowledge Management: the process of capturing, storing, distributing, and effectively using
knowledge.
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E): These are two distinct but complementary processes that
mutually reinforce each other. In general, M&E is designed to monitor the impact of a policy, or
progress of program activities, against the overall goals, objectives and targets. M&E also
assesses the outcome relevance of an activity, and the impact of a program, or effectiveness of
a policy, as well as its efficiency and sustainability that should be implemented periodically and
spontaneously.
1. INTRODUCTION
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge by virtue of reproducible
explanations and predictions about the universe. It is the observation, identification, description,
experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. It is also the
pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following
a systematic methodology based on empirical evidence.
Research is defined as a process of investigation leading to new insights, effectively shared.

Scientific culture is the product of humans’ or particular groups of human’s activities. It makes
people think from a scientific point of view and gradually develop a scientific mode of thinking.
When we think of science of the future, we have to be concerned as to how the culture of science
will develop and influence the future of mankind. In order to protect and preserve the good
features of the science culture, scientists would have to bear social and moral responsibility for
situations arising from scientific pursuit. The least developed countries are still suffering from
chronic shortage of basic needs such as safe drinking water and adequate food. This is yet to
benefit from the scientific knowledge that has accrued. We should do everything possible to
spread scientific temper and knowledge amongst all the peoples of the world.
In Ethiopia, science research and development (R&D) has a long history but its contribution to
social and economic development of the country has been marginal. The main bottlenecks that
hinder science R&D include: lack of capacity in human resource and infrastructure; shortage of
public fund; lack of systems for integration and coordination among stakeholders; and poor
science governance and regulatory systems. Over the past fifteen years, the country has been
making strenuous efforts to eradicate poverty and bring about sustainable development by
transforming its economy as envisaged in its Growth and Transformation Plan (MoFED, 2016). To
this end, emphasis has been given to the creation of knowledge-based society, knowledge-
intensive and technology driven economy as well as expanding higher education and scientific
research organizations and societies. It is therefore, the main stream of science has to flow
everywhere creating new channels and tributaries. Such a river of knowledge can only be created
by the involvement of enlightened scientists in science education, research and human capacity
development.
The Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MoSHE) is embarking upon a reform that the
science research and science culture shall be implemented at all levels, from individuals to
community level, and Institutions level (adult education, basic education and higher education
institutes).
2. BACKGROUND AND STRATEGIC CONTEXT
Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries in which the higher education environment
is characterized by rapid institutional and enrollment expansion.
In order to expand the horizons of knowledge, strengthen the teaching learning process and solve
the problems of the society, a system shall be developed to enable teachers to conduct practical
research individually or collectively.. A system of research which could help improve the teaching
and learning process through strengthening the higher education and training institutions
relationship shall be developed. National science research system should ensure that the
conducted research is always based upon community problems and strengthen the teaching
learning process.
There shall be a national science education standard that offers a coherent vision of what it
means to be scientifically literate, describing what all students, regardless of background or
circumstances, should understand and be able to do different grade levels in various science
categories. These include exemplary practice of science teaching that provides students with
experience that enable them to achieve scientific literacy; criteria for assessing and analyzing
students’ attainment in science and the learning opportunities that school science programs
afford; the nature and design of the school and district science program; and the support and
resources needed for students to learn science.
This Science Research Program (SRP) has interrelated six components, namely, Human Capital
Development, Enterprise Development, Scientific Research and Innovation, Knowledge
Management, Partnership and International Co-operation, and Financing and Incentive Schemes.
Each component has its own strategies and objectives, that address quality, relevance, access
and equity issues and key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess their implementation.
2.1 Situational Analysis
Science plays a vital role in economic growth and human capacity development. Unfortunately,
there are factors that hinder the expectations. Limited human capacity, insufficient funding for
R&D; fragmented approach to problems, limited infrastructure, resource constraints, poor
organizational capacity in science policy making; weak local, regional and international linkages,
etc.
A prerequisite for evidence-based educational policy formation is the timely provision of

scientifically solid and up-to-date information to policymakers. The extent to which such research
is translated into policy action, however, is dependent on the success of communication
strategies between researchers and policymakers. Unfortunately, research outputs that could
serve as inputs to policy makers are not communicated effectively and adequately. Rather
dissemination of research outputs is limited to traditional and passive forms of communications
channels such as publications in academic journals, presentations at annual conferences and
proceedings thereof.
Quality infrastructure to support world-class science research and advance technology is lacking.
The role of internet in enhancing research productivity cannot be overemphasized. Readiness to
support innovation and facilitate competitive business activities also requires infrastructure such
as broadband internet access, basic telecommunication services, reliable supply of electricity and
water, good transportation networks, and laboratory facilities.
Realizing the fundamental role science research plays in the development of nations, UNESCO is
strongly committed to promoting a culture of science in society, where all can discover the
wonders of science, learn about the influence of science in their daily life, and explore how they
themselves can contribute to science. Further, UNESCO and member states celebrate the World
Science Day for Peace and Development (10th November) to highlight science, peace and
development are interlinked. In conjunction with this celebration, individuals and institutions
that make important contributions to communicating science to society, promoting population
science, and empowering people in making well-informed decisions, are recognized.
The situational analysis of the National Science Research in Ethiopia is summarized as SWOT
(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis in Table 1.
Table 1. Matrix of situation analysis based on SWOT analysis, January 2021
Strengths Weaknesses
• Weak university-industry linkage (UIL)
• Improved government research fund • Limited private companies’ investment on science
• Increased local partnerships/international research
strategic partnerships • Absence of national database on science research
• Technology supported data/knowledge information
management system • Absence of national research act
• Establishment of independent Ministry of • Absence of incentive mechanisms for investors to
Science and Higher Education conduct R&D in the area of their investment to
• Differentiation of HEIs based on their capacity improve production and services with quality
and geographic advantage • Poor science research M&E
• Plagiarism
• Science research is not aligned with the national
development agenda
• Less emphasis on the development of indigenous
knowledge
• Limited market linkage for scientific research
products
• Limited infrastructure for science research
• Limited research in public HEIs and more so in
private HEIs
• Absence of private science research institutions
• Less number of female researchers
• Shortage of researchers, think-tanks and policy
experts
• Shelved science research outputs (not reaching end
users or commercialized)
• Strong culture of lecture-based teaching rather than
practical-oriented, experience-based and
inquiry/curiosity-based teaching-learning
Opportunities Threats
• Political instability
• Presence of enabling research policies, directives • Inflation
and guidelines • Youth unemployment
• Presence of science research institutions • Donor-driven research with no contribution to local
• Expansion of HEIs research agenda
• Presence of professional societies • Global dynamism
• High proportion of young population • Resource constraints (Poverty limiting inputs to
• High percentage of trainable workforce quality education and research)
• Home grown economy initiatives • Dependence on imported and cheap knowledge and
• Expansion of industries technology
• Global competitiveness
2.2 Approach and Scope
Science is fundamentally the pursuit of knowledge through systematic studies of the structure
and behavior of the physical and natural world and societies. Scientists or researchers, across
public and private institutes, are the key actors often organized and represented through
academies of sciences, professional societies, universities, and other research institutions.
Governments typically have a responsible ministry, in Ethiopian context, the ministry of science
and Higher Education for science policies and funding agencies administering research programs.
In line with the principles of UNESCO and the World Science Forum (WSF), MoSHE will facilitate
the participation of all actors in setting out the path ahead for science, policy and society. It will
strive to strengthen interaction between science, policy and society. The MoSHE will foster
quality in science, both internally and externally.
Quality in science internally entails the necessity to allocate resources in an optimal way; the
necessity to stimulate competition within all structures of the HEIs; the necessity to stimulate
new ideas, cooperation, networks within and beyond the university; and the necessity to define
criteria to reward high quality on all levels-personal, departmental, within facilities between
facilities etc.
Quality in science externally on the other hand requires exploring the possibility to improve fields
of excellence for national and international competitions; the possibility to set criteria for
assessing and analyzing excellence in national and international fund applications; the possibility
to present these fields of excellence to governmental and industrial partnerships; the possibility
to attract excellent scientists, teachers and students; and the possibility of identifying excellence
for national usable knowledge and technology developments.
2.3 Policy Statement

Recognizing the interplay between human capacity development (HCD), quality education,
research, and sustainable development, HCD has been identified as a major driving force for the
progress and advancement of the nation as well as the implementation of the Science Policy. The
development of science capabilities among firms and entrepreneurs is a focus of attention in the
formation and implementation of this policy due to its role in conducting and supporting scientific
research activities. The promotion of research should contribute to a well-balanced sustainable
growth such as improved efficiency in the use of resources, measurable social and economic
outcomes, and intervention schemes. Research facilities shall be established/ strengthened at
national and regional levels in all major areas of research undertakings and availed for
researchers and teaching/learning.
The MoSHE shall be a strong advocate for science in the country and serve as a governing body
in the coordination and harmonization of the country’s science policy and programs. The
Ethiopian Government shall play a central role in mapping, reviewing and analyzing scientific
indigenous knowledge and managing knowledge by drawing together a broad range of
knowledge repositories and services. The government shall establish funding mechanisms and
earmarked funds for science R&D activities to be undertaken by higher education and research
institutes and other organizational set ups involved in the promotion and growth of indigenous
knowledge.
The Science Research Program shall have sufficient resource allocations to meet Quality,
Relevance, Equity and Access. Higher education and science research institutions shall strengthen
their national and international partnerships with academics, research institutes (RIs) and
industries. .
2.4 Program Goal:

The goal of the program is strengthening science research in science institutions (HEIs, RIs and
industries) and its contribution to the society at large.
2.5 Program Objectives

The objectives of the Program are:
1. To ensure science research is aligned with the national development agenda;

2. To create sound management system for education, research, discovery, innovation,
and dissemination of indigenous and international scientific knowledge and information.
3. To enhance HCD in science research through skill-based short- and long-term trainings.
4. To improve the quality of science research at individual and institutional levels.
5. To enhance science research outputs.
6. To improve beneficiaries’ satisfactions through science research development and
practices.
7. To create a regulatory environment that ensures stakeholders’ rights and advance the
provision of optimized, quality and competitive science education and R&D.
2.6 Expected Outcomes

Through the successful implementation of the SRP the following outcomes are expected:
1. Established system aligning science research with national development agenda.
2. Effective and efficient science research management system,
3. Availability of critical human capital mass and dynamic HCD system in science research,
4. Quality science research at individual and institutional levels,
5. Quality Science research outputs,
6. Satisfied beneficiaries,
7. Effective and efficient regulatory environment.
3. PROGRAMME COMPONENTS
The Science Research Program has the following six major program components.
1. Human Capital Development;
2. Enterprise Development;
3. Scientific Research and Innovation;
4. Knowledge Management;
5. Partnership and International Co-operation; and
6. Financing and Incentive Scheme.
3.1 Human Capital Development

The key focus of this human capital development strategy is to develop and utilize the scientific
human resources that can sustain our country's economic growth. The experience of various
countries shows that the key to economic growth is through manpower development.
Recognizing the interplay between human resource, quality education, research, and sustainable
development, HCD has been identified as a major driving force for the progress and advancement
of the nation as well as the implementation of the Science Policy. Through HCD, the following
strategies comprising of informal, formal, vocational, and educational training program strategies
are proposed which address both the ordinary citizens and intellectual societies.
3.1.1 Strategy 1: Expanding and Strengthening Science in Basic Education

OBJECTIVE: Produce educated citizens that are familiar with the basics of science
knowledge and practices, and with a better potential of joining the skilled labor market.
Indicator 1: Ratio of primary and secondary schools meet set quality
standards/parameters of science research.
Indicator 2: Ratio of students with enhanced attitude and awareness
to modern science research and globalization.
Indicator 3: Availability of well-equipped basic laboratories and
teaching aids in schools especially for science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
Indicator 4: Percentage of school student’s that pass qualification
exams in basic science at national level.
Indicator 5: Availability of institutionalized career development
Quality schemes for teachers and school managers.
Indicator 6: Established system for regular induction trainings to
teachers joining the teaching profession and updating them with the
science policy and strategy.
Indicator 6: Continued student-teacher ratio improvement.
Indicator 7: Integrated programs of schools and the community in
practical learning, school management and community services, with
a closing gathering for an annual school open day.
Indicator 8: Number of exchanges of good practices among schools.
Indicator 9: Communicating science with society
Indicator 1: Enrollment ratio of gifted/talented students in organized
model science and technology schools at national and regional levels;
Availability of accelerated and enriched instruction materials
Indicator 2: Percentage of students accessed with adequate science

research and information technology.
Indicator 3: Percentage of students with special needs, females, and
Access remote inaccessible communities accessed with developed national
capacity building programs
Ratio of addressed pastoralists’ school needs, ( with mobile schools
or static schools with mobile students moving to the next school).
Indicator 4: Percentage of retarded children accessing especially
established schools for them.
Indicator 1: Percentage of customized curricula/curricular materials
inclusive of indigenous knowledge and technologies
Relevance Indicator 2: Number of organized science clubs, science fairs,

exhibitions, symposia, and visit programs conducted.
Indicator 3: Number of engagements with community leaders and
intellectuals in problem-solving school activities.
Indicator 1: Proportion of women's enrollment provided with special
support in basic science education.
Equity Indicator 2: Proportion of women in science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics fields.
Indicator 3: Availability of open science in the wider society.
Indicator 4: Proportion of students with disability who have access to
basic science education
Indicator 5: Proportion of disadvantaged communities (e.g.,
pastoralists), remote inaccessible communities and special needs
students engaged in basic science education.
3.1.2 Strategy 2: Establishing Science and Technology Institutes

OBJECTIVE: Produce medium and highly skilled technicians, engineers, and scientists that
the country's economy needs
Indicator 1: Proportion of institutions that produce medium- and highly

skilled technicians, engineers, and scientists of the required standard.
Indicator 2: Presence of dynamic system that enhances quality of
trainings in institutional legislations, management
procedures/regulations, recruitment procedures of qualified trainees
and trainers/teachers, and updating promotion criteria with prevailing
requirements.
Quality
Indicator 3: Presence of standardized performance and quality
evaluation system for national journals, HEIs, TVETs, and RIs and
proportion of publications in international peer reviewed journals.
Indicator 4: Presence of dynamic system in HEIs, in strengthening their
mission in science research and dissemination.
Indicator 5: Proportion of established private HERIs and RIs engaged in
problem-solving research activities.
Indicator 6: Percentage research incubation centers contributing to the
development of start-ups.
Indicator 7: Presence of quality assurance system for assessing
institutional and individual staff outputs.
Indicator 1: Proportion of science research institutions that introduce
new approaches of scientific measuring and ranking.
Indicator 2: Presence of science research accreditation system for
differentiated universities to meet the required standards of global HEI.
Indicator 3: Proportion of private research institutions playing a role in
Relevance national innovation, science, and technological activities.
Indicator 4: Provisions of capacity building programs to professional
societies and journal editors
Indicator 5: Proportion of aligning theoretical classes with hands-on or
problem-based learning programs.
Indicator 6: Number of scientific research thematic areas being
pursued.
Indicator 7: Number of technologies injected into society that improve
the input / output relations (producing more for less).
Indicator 8: Providing technical products and services at affordable
prices.
Indicator 1: Enrollment rate to science and technology institutes
Indicator 2: Percentage access to established and shared central or

nodal laboratories to meet access to resources (human, financial,
Access
infrastructural, facilities, etc.).
Indicator 3: Percentage access to reputable journals by staff and society
as appropriate.
.
Indicator 3: Proportion of women researchers who published their
scientific findings in reputable peer reviewed journals.
Indicator 1: Proportion of research projects that address problems of
underserved community members
Indicator 2: Proportion of beneficiaries from the scientific research
Equity projects.
Indicator 3: Number of affirmative actions to accommodate special
needs, females and disadvantaged community as students and
academic/administrative personnel in the institutes
3.1.3 Strategy 3: Producing Highly Qualified Science Research Professionals

OBJECTIVE: Produce highly qualified science research professionals who are competent in
the global professional market
Indicator 1: Proportion of researchers who are trained in globally recognized

research institutions.
Indicator 2: Proportion of research carried out with international
partnership.
Indicator 3: Increase in competitive research income and collaborative
partnerships
Indicator 4: Percentage of research papers presented in internationally
organized symposium/workshops/conference.
Indicator 5: Number of patents registered through international
collaborative research.
Quality Indicator 6: Percentage of researchers who have registered patents.

Indicator 7: Percentage of publications made with international researchers
as co-authors.
Indicator 8: increase in the number of cited publications in international
journals per researcher.
Indicator 9: Enhanced increment in the number of full professorships
awarded
Indicator 10: Increased number of career development programs.
Indicator 11: Enhanced staff mobility to national and / or international
institutes to upgrade their skills and to conduct value adding research
Relevance Indicator 1: Amount of research fund secured through international
partnerships.
Indicator 2: Number of public lectures made on science research nationally
and internationally.
Indicator 3: Proportion of usable research technologies produced.
Indicator 4: Number of commercialized research outputs/products.
Indicator 5: Proportion of joint research projects conducted with industries.
Indicator 1: Percentage of postgraduate students who are advised by

qualified Ethiopian researchers.
Indicator 2: Number of established short-term science research training
centers.
Indicator 3: Number of researchers trained in demanded research skills.
Access
Indicator 4: Proportion of researchers who secured research fund from
industries.
Indicator 5: Amount of research fund mobilized through alumni associations.
Indicator 6: Proportion of positions taken by competent female, special
needs and minorities professionals in the institute.
Indicator 1: Number of research projects that addressed problems of
Equity underserved community members.
Indicator 2: Number of beneficiaries from the scientific research projects.
Indicator 3: Proportion of women researchers who published their scientific
findings on reputable journals.
Indicator 4: Percentage of females, special needs and minorities involved in
institutional management.
3.2 Enterprise Development

Science research furthers national goals in many areas, including the workforce, infrastructure,
economy, health, agriculture, energy, environment through tailored enterprises. The
development of science capabilities among firms and entrepreneurs is a focus of attention in the
formation and implementation of scientific research activities. For this purpose, the following
strategies are designed to avail scientific information to enterprises with the purpose of
enhancing their development and growth and inter-firm cooperation for facilitating innovation.
3.2.1 Strategy 1: Promoting Science Research for Productive Enterprises to

Support Job Creation Opportunities
OBJECTIVE: To Create productive enterprises that will use science research outputs with diverse
opportunities for job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity, and innovation
Indicator 1: Proportion of established incubation and research
commercialization centers capable of producing knowledge-based enterprises.
Indicator 2: Proportion of value-adding research products and technologies
Quality used by the enterprises.
Indicator 3: Ratio of fund allocated for R&D by private and public enterprises.
Indicator 4: Number of technologies adapted / adopted or created.
Indicator 1: Number of established and strengthened science business firms and
entrepreneurs.
Indicator 2: Number of produced products added to the export market.
Indicator 3: Number of established enterprises that enhance indigenous

Relevance
knowledge and technologies.
Indicator 4: Number of research products that can substitute imported
products.
Indicator 5: Number of relevant positions (jobs) made available by enterprises
Indicator 1: Provisions of support by the government and non-governmental
organizations to enterprises and business firms.
Equity Indicator 2: Percentage of alignments of science organizations, professional

societies, research institutions, science parks, and technological parks with
business enterprises.
Indicator 3: Provisions of reward systems that help strengthening linkage among
private and public firms.
Indicator 4: Provisions for award system to enterprises for addressing equity in
engaging females, special needs, and underserved sectors of society.
Indicator 5: Proportion of created reward system that promote gender equality
and underserved community.
Indicator 1: Availability of science information to enterprises to enhance their
development, and inter-firm cooperation for mutual benefit.
Indicator 2: Presence of adequate number of clusters that facilitate information
Access exchanges among governmental and non-governmental enterprises.
Indicator 3: Provisions of funding and incentive schemes.
Indicator 4: Provisions for capacity building programs, especially for micro, small,
and medium enterprises.
Indicator 5: Access to science and technology bureaus that facilitate and lead
partnerships among private and public firms.
Indicator 6: Adequacy of supports given by enterprise to local community
(children, mothers, health services, etc.)
3.2.2 Strategy 2: Enhancing the capacity of entrepreneur’s creativity and

innovativeness
OBJECTIVE: Enhance the capacity of entrepreneurs’ creativity and innovativeness in using the
outputs of scientific research
Indicator 1: Proportion of trained entrepreneurs with creativity and innovative
research ideas.
Indicator 2: Proportion of entrepreneurs who own business enterprises with
unique brand.
Quality Indicator 3: Proportion of job opportunities created by trained entrepreneurs.

Indicator 4: Availability of a system for career development programs and
experience sharing with national and international agencies.
Indicator 5: Adequacy support facilities to females, special needs and
underserved sectors professionals in the enterprise.
Indicator 1: Number of produced import-substitute products.
Indicator 2: Number of transferred technologies to consumers.

Relevance Indicator 3: Number of commercialized science research outputs.
Indicator 4: Number of entrepreneurs with national and international business
networks.
Indicator 5: Number of completed career development programs that resulted in
personal and institutional proficiencies.
Indicator 1: Proportion of women entrepreneurs trained with business creativity
and innovativeness.
Indicator 2: Proportion of entrepreneurs from underserved community.
Equity Indicator 3: Proportion of entrepreneurs with disability whose capacity is
enhanced through training.
Indicator 4: Proportion of career development programs equitably provided to
females, special needs and underserved professionals.
Indicator 1: Percentage access to entrepreneurship training centers
Indicator 2: Percentage access by entrepreneurs to entrepreneurship related
trainings packages.
Access Indicator 3: Number of experience-sharing programs organized both nationally
and internationally.
Indicator 4: Access to webinar trainings and career development programs.
Indicator 5: Distribution of entrepreneurship training centers across the regions.
3.3 Scientific Research and Innovation

The pursuit of scientific research and innovation contributes to well-balanced sustainable growth
such as improved efficiency in the use of resources, measurable social and economic outcomes,
intervention schemes, etc. In order to achieve growth and development in the country, the role
played by a well-established scientific research and development system is vital. Major strategic
areas for scientific research and innovation shall include quality and intellectual property rights,
indigenous knowledge.
3.3.1 Strategy 1: Establish Scientific Research and Innovation Institutions

OBJECTIVE: To establish institutions that enhance the contribution of
science, research and innovation in the national sustainable development
Indicator 1: Percentage of fulfilled and strengthened research infrastructure
due to allocation of at least 1% of the national GDP for R&D.
Indicator 2: Provisions of the necessary guidelines for the establishment and
implementation of the strategies and objectives of a National Research
Foundation.
Indicator 3: Amount of fund raised to strengthen research infrastructures.
Relevance
Indicator 4: Number of established National Research Councils established to
oversee the relevance of research activities in various sectors.
Indicator 5: Number of research institutions with adequate research workforce.

Indicator 6: Proportion of research conducted by higher education and research
institutions solving the problems of the industry.
Indicator 7: Proportion of research conducted by higher education and research

institutions addressing indigenous knowledge and technology.
Indicator 8: Number of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research activities

geared towards meeting national development agenda.
Indicator 1: Number of evolving research centers of excellence in existing HEIs

and research institutions.
Indicator 2: Number of established institutions’ intellectual property right

system to benefit researchers and institutions
Indicator 3: Provisions for scientific equipment maintenance, counseling

services and capacity building programs provided.
Indicator 4: Availability of established system that enables efficient use of the

Quality limited research infrastructure (of RIs and HEIs).
Indicator 5: State of research infrastructure, centers of excellence with central

laboratories that share common resources for research conducted in
universities, research Institutions and industries.
Indicator 6: Proportion of established science research funding institutions that

enhance science, research, innovation, and science culture enhancement in the
country.
Indicator 7: State of research institutions specialized in emerging technologies

produced using Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Material Science, Space
science, AI, that directly help addressing national (PDC, STI), continental (STISA-
2024, AU-2063), and global (SDGs-2030) development agenda.
Indicator 1: Proportion representation of Identified stakeholders and council

members from core areas, namely agriculture, environment, health, industry,
etc.
Indicator 2Presnce of establishments and commissioning of sub-councils in

major sectors (agriculture, health, industry, environment etc.).
Indicator 3: Provisions for science fund to motivate individuals, professional

societies, and institutions engaged in indigenous knowledge and modern
Equity scientific research.
Indicator 5: Proportion of implemented plans that are market-oriented and

thematic-areas focused on research and development activities.
Indicator 6: Proportion of research oriented- programs designed to address

issues related to industries.
Indicator 7: Proportion of enhanced quality of research conducted by

postgraduate program students and academic staffs.
Indicator 8: Number of collaborations made with the scientific professional

societies.
Indicator 9: Proportion of established research programs targeting gender

equality, special need and pastoralist community.
Indicator 1: Number of created strong research linkage among universities,

research institutions, and industries.
Access Indicator 2: Presence of established system to create conducive environment
for industries to utilize research institution’s and HEI’s results.
Indicator 3: Number of national journal citations made with international

publications.
Indicator 4: Number of national platforms established to publish and distribute

research results in local languages.
3.4: Knowledge Management

Government shall develop and establish a national science information system to avail science
information at a national level and create mechanisms for exchanging the same among national,
regional and international information centers. Encouragements shall be made for responsible
institutions to develop an ICT-based knowledge management system that will allow the creation,
acquisition and management of science information. The Ethiopian Government shall play a
central role in mapping, reviewing and analyzing scientific indigenous knowledge and managing
knowledge by drawing together a broad range of knowledge repositories and services. By
extension, private enterprises and new investors may take up promising indigenous knowledge
and turn them into profit making technologies with all the legal approval procedures followed.
Knowledge management shall also focus and include strategies that address environmental,
cultural and social protections.
3.4.1 Strategy 1: Establish a National Science Information System

OBJECTIVE: Share perspectives, ideas, experiences, information, and make them available at
the right place at the right time to enable informed decisions
Indicator 1: Availability of quality national data repository system for science,
science culture, innovation, and research activities created.
Indicator 2: Provisions for capacity building programs for extracting and using
information from data repository for science, science culture, innovation, and
research activities.
Quality
Indicator 3: The presence of data management regulations, including
intellectual property rights and management of generated innovations and
technologies.
Indicator 4: The presence of sound ethical clearance and research ethics
control regulations.
Indicator 1: Number of developed national science information systems to
avail science information at a national level.
Relevance
Indicator 2: Number of mapped, reviewed, and analyzed scientific indigenous
knowledge and emerging technologies addressed.
Indicator 1: Number of inclusive knowledge management made and
addressed in environmental, cultural, and social protections.
Indicator 2: Number of assisted institutions in developing an ICT based
Equity knowledge management system that will allow the creation, acquisition, and
management of science information.
Indicator 3: Presence established system for the provision of user-friendly
information to disable people.
Indicator 4: Number of supports made to females, special needs and other
underserved professional in knowledge production, publications, conference
participations to observe their participation in knowledge production.
Access Indicator 1: Access for information exchange among national, regional,

continental, and international scientific agencies.
Indicator 2: Number of regulations for formulating data / knowledge
dissemination , including knowledge protection in cases of infringing of
national and enterprise interests.
Indicator 3: Provisions of regulations in ethical distribution of knowledge,
innovations and technologies.
3.4.2 Strategy 2: Establishing Research, Innovations and Publications Ethics

System
OBJECTIVE: Strengthen Institutes, researchers and reviewers to achieve and sustain the
overall research ethics system
Indicator 1: Availability of research ethics act to protect human, animal

and plant subjects in research and production systems.
Indicator 2: Availability of adequate number institutional review board
(IRB) that examines proposal and the conduct of research, production
and the fair distribution of products and knowledge.
Quality
Indicator 3: Increase in collaborations and networking in research ethics.
Indicator 5: Increase in the number of graduates in research ethics.
Indicator 6: Provisions for upgrading periodic trainings offered to staff
and guide booklets distributed
Indicator 1: Number of research proposals/protocols, publications and
innovations protocols reviewed.
Indicator 2: Presence of community representative in IRB.
Relevance
Indicator 3: Number of rejected projects that could have affected the
wellbeing of humans, animals and plant materials when used as subjects
in research.
Indicator 1: Proportion of women and other social sectors (gifted,
special needs, etc.) members in IRB.
Equity
Indicator 2: Proportion of women and other underserved community
sectors who participated in capacity building programs on research
ethics.
Access Indicator 1: Number of established institutional review boards (IRB)s

working on research, publications and innovation ethics.
3.5 Partnership and International Cooperation

Nowadays, international partnership and collaboration are considered paramount in fostering science
research. Such partnerships can help the research system produce world-class research. Strong
university-industry partnerships often are the means by which industries invest in university R&D,
strengthen scientific and technological research, and provide opportunities for the
commercialization of research outputs. HEIs, and RIs are therefore expected to strengthen
partnerships and collaborations at national and international levels.
3.5.1 Strategy1: Ensure Incorporation of Science Capacity Building Elements in

Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements
OBJECTIVE: Ensure that agreements are formulated based on mutual benefits
Indicator 1: Increase in Ethiopian researchers participating in researches

done with international collaboration
Indicator 2: Increase in bilateral/multilateral science research projects
Indicator 3: Increase in researchers participating in international
research exchange visits
Indicator 4: Proportions of projects based on the comparative
Quality advantages of Ethiopia
Indicator 5: Proportions of international projects in which Ethiopian HEIs
play leading roles.
Indicator 6: Amount of grants won per year nationally and
internationally
Indicator 7: Increase in the number of projects and the associated
funding won to support females, special needs, gifted, retarded children
and underserved sectors of the society and staff
Indicator 8: Increase in stakeholder events, media activity, conferences
and workshops
Indicator 1: Increase in agreements made with partners that have a direct
contribution to the sustainable development agenda.
Indicator 2: increase in collaborative research conducted geared

towards national development agenda
Relevance
Indicator 3: Number of capacity building activities conducted as per the
bilateral/multilateral agreements.
Indicator 4: Number of reports completed to the best satisfaction of
different sectors of society (females, special needs, gifted, retarded and
underserved sectors) who benefited from the agreements or projects.
Indicator 1: Proportion of women researchers participating in capacity
building programs.
Equity
Indicator 2: Proportion of special needs and gifted researchers
participating in capacity building programs.
Indicator 3: Proportion of researchers from underserved regions
participating in capacity building programs.
Indicator 4: Increase in collaborations with the research institution at
HEIS and TVETS.
Indicator 5: Number of appropriated funds in fair and transparent ways
among all national and international partners.
Indicator 6: Number of disadvantaged community members
participating in projects (females, special needs, gifted, and other
underserved community members).
Indicator 7: Proportion of agreements that promote research which
consider gender equity and underserved community.
Access Indicator 1: Provisions of expert assistance and scientific visits made
Indicator 2: Proportions of private sectors engaged in scientific research
and development activities.
Indicator 3: Proportions of benefiting females, special needs, gifted and
underserved sectors of society
3.6 Financing and incentive schemes
The implementation of this SRP requires funding and efficient financial system. A framework
needs to be established to finance science research including searching, learning, adapting and
utilizing science to meet the national development. In addition to funding SRP by the Government
(percentage of GDP), financial resources should be pooled from the private sector, university-
industry partnerships, SRP endowments and through competitive international funding.
Incentive mechanisms should be established to motivate and reward outstanding researchers.
3.6.1 Strategy 2: Establish SRP Funding and Financial System

OBJECTIVE: Establish Mechanisms to Increase Funding SRP
Indicator 1: Increase in public funding SRP
Indicator 2: Increase in financial contribution to SRP by the private sector
Quality Indicator 3: Increase in income from university-industry partnerships to
finance SRP
Indicator 4: increase in funding from SRP endowments
Indicator 5: increase in SRP projects funded by international funding
agencies
Relevance Indicator 1: Proportion of funding to prioritized SRP
Indicator 2: Proportion of funding for capacity building
Access Indicator1: Adequacy of funding accessed by HEIs, RIs, Schools for SRP
Indicator 2: Proportion of funding accessed by young researchers
Equity Indicator 1: Proportion of funding by HEIs, RIs, Schools for SRP
Indicator 2: Proportion of funding allocated to young and female
researchers
3.6.2 Strategy1: Create Strong Incentive and Reward Schemes

OBJECTIVE: Create strong and competitive national /incentive reward schemes
Indicator 1: Presence of reward system by reviewing the best global
experiences.
Indicator 2: Increase in recognized individuals, professional societies, and
institutions that excel in problem solving research and innovation programs.
Indicator 3: Increase in budget allocated for science, research and innovation
incentive scheme (from the government's budget for research)
Indicator 4: Increase in awards or incentives for project continuation
Quality Indicator 5: increase in incentives awarded to social services by investments
that generate value-adding R&Ds
Indicator 6: Amount of tax reduction to enterprises that conduct value-adding
R&Ds
Indicator 7Increase in services and upgrading trainings provided to females,
special needs, gifted, and underserved sectors of society
Indicator 8increase in remobilizing international resource for research reward
programs
Indicator 1: Number of created strong public-private partnership that play
active role in financial and incentive schemes.
Indicator 2: Availed national award systems to create a broad-based culture in
science, research and innovation incentive schemes.
Indicator 3: Number of awareness programs for the private sector to allocate
budget for research and innovation incentive schemes
Access Indicator 4: Number of private organizations/companies that allocate budget

for research and innovation incentive scheme
Indicator 5: Modality of announcement (transparency) inviting public and
private enterprises to compete for incentives and special award schemes
Indicator 6: Setting agreed upon criteria for the selection of the award winners
in transparent manners
Indicator 1: Number of Introduced initiatives that promote science work to
improve living standards of the society.
Equity
Indicator 2: Number of introduced reward system which target inclusive
framework by reviewing the best global experiences
Indicator 3: Number of launched motivation mechanisms to youngest citizens
for passion and innovation on STEM.
Indicator 4: Number of established organizations involved in nurturing science
to the society and enhancing indigenous knowledge.
Indicator 5: Number of national science funds gained from national and
international organizations (state and non-state organizations).
Indicator 1: Number of created strong public-private

Relevance partnership that play active role in financial and incentive
schemes.
Indicator 2: Number of national science funds gained from
national and international organizations (state and non-state
organizations).
Indicator 3: Number of established reward system that target
the national development agendas
Indicator 4: Number of established granting system and
funding scheme to strengthen the national science activities
for proposed thematic programs based on national roadmaps
and research programs.
4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
This SRP for action lays emphasis on developing and implementing a focused, evidence‐based
and dynamic Monitoring and Evaluation system. The SRP has selected indicators that enable to
measure progresses towards achieving objectives under each strategic area. Baseline values are
set for those selected indicators against which progresses will be assessed overtime.
Program M&E necessitates:
1. The introduction of a well‐ established system of reporting on programs and initiatives,
2. The availability of quality and reliable data,
3. The efficient coordination among all departments and stakeholders at all levels, and
4. The availability of necessary infrastructure and capacity for implementing the improved
system.
The SRP will take the above points into account and as far as possible it will involve all
stakeholders as necessary. To make the system reliable, mechanisms will be designed to ensure
the quality of data used for decision making
Table 2 Implementation Schedule and M&E framework
Program Components KPI Units Targets for five years
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PC 1. Human Capital Development
Strategy 1: Expanding and Strengthening Science in Basic Education
Indicator 1: Number of organized model number NA 10 15 20 25
Objective: science and technology schools for gifted or
Produce educated citizen talented students at national and regional
that are familiar with the levels.
basics of science
knowledge and practices, Indicator 2 Proportion of students accessed percent NA 20 30 40 50
and with a better with adequate science research and
potential of joining the information technology.
skilled labor market
Indicator 3: Number of developed national number
capacity building programs for special needs,
Access
females, and remote inaccessible communities

and addressing the pastoralists’ school needs,
such as, mobile schools or static schools with
mobile students moving to the next school.
Indicator 4: Number of schools established for number

retarded children in all parts of the country in
relation to their number ratio in the
population (i.e., one school per X population
number) with all the appropriate facilities and
qualified staff
Indicator 1: Number of primary and secondary number NA

education institutions that meet access,
Quality
equity, relevance, and quality parameters of

science research.
Science Research Program. MoSHE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. November 2020

(PC) Base 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Average
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Indicator 2: Number of students with number NA
enhanced attitude and awareness to modern
science research and globalization.
Indicator 3: Number of well-equipped number

laboratories for each school, especially for
science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) fields
Indicator 4: Conducted and implemented number NA 1 1 1 1

school student’s qualification number exam in
basic science at national level.
Indicator 5: Number of formulated career number

development schemes for teachers and
school/universities managers.
Indicator 6: Number of provided regular number

induction trainings to teachers joining the
teaching profession and updating them with
the science policy and strategy
Indicator 6: Continued student-teacher ratio proportion

improvement
Indicator 7: Number of integrated programs of number

schools and the community in practical
learning, school management and community
services, with a closing gathering for an annual
school open day.
Indicator 8: Number of exchanges of good number

practices among schools
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Indicator 1: proportion of women's enrollment Percent NA 20 30 40 50
provided special support in basic science
education.
Indicator 2: Proportion of women who have Percent 25 30 40 50

increased participation in science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics fields.
Indicator 3: Availability of open science in the number NA

wider society.
Equity
Indicator 4: Number of students with disability number NA

who have access basic science education
Indicator 5: Number of engaging education number

programs that target disadvantaged
communities (e.g., pastoralists), remote
inaccessible communities and inclusive
education to females and special needs
students
Indicator 1: Number of curriculum inclusive number NA 3 6 9 12

indigenous knowledge and technologies.
Indicator 2: Number of organized science number 1 2 2 2

Relevance
clubs, science fairs, exhibitions, symposiums,

and visit programs conducted.
Indicator 3: Number of engagements with number

community leaders and intellectuals in
problem-solving school activities.
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1: Human Capital Development
Strategy 2: Establishing Science and Technology Institutions
Indicator 1: Number of institutions that number NA 40 45 45 50
produce medium- and highly skilled
OBJECTIVE: Produce
technicians, engineers, and scientists.
medium and highly skilled
technicians, engineers, Indicator 2: Number of carried out number 1
and scientists that the amendments that enhance quality of trainings
country's economy needs in institutional legislations, management
procedures/regulations recruitment
procedures of qualified trainees and
promotion criteria.
Indicator 3: number of established a number 1 1 1 1 1

standardized performance and quality
evaluation system for national journals, HEIs,
TVETs, and RIs and publishing in international
peer reviewed journals.
Indicator 4: Number of HEIs, which have number 54 54 54 54 54

strengthened their mission in science research
and dissemination.
Indicator 5: Number of established private number 4

HERIs and RIs engaged in problem solving
research activities.
Indicator 6: Number of research

Quality
incubation centers
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Indicator 7: Number of regular assessments of
institutional and individual staff outcomes
against set and agreed upon values
Indicator 1: Number of research projects that number NA

addressed problems of underserved
community members
Equity
Indicator 2: Number of beneficiaries from the

scientific research projects.
Indicator 1: Number of established and shared number 0 1 3 4 5
central or nodal laboratories to meet access
to resources (human, financial, infrastructural,
facilities, etc.).
Indicator 2: Number of publications on number
reputable journals
Indicator 3: Number of cited publications. number NA
Indicator 4: Number of women researchers

who published their scientific findings on
reputable journals.
Indicator 3: Number of affirmative actions number

to accommodate special needs, females and
disadvantaged community as students and
academic/administrative personnel in the
Access
institutes
Indicator 1: Number of science research number NA

Relevanc
institutions that introduce new approaches of

scientific measuring and ranking.
e
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Indicator 2: Number of established science number NA 25 30 45 54
research accreditation system for
differentiated universities to meet the
required standards of global higher education
institution.
Indicator 3: Introduced new systems where number 1 1 1 1

private research institutions can be
established and play a role in national
innovation, science, and technological
activities.
Indicator 4: Number of provided capacity number NA 1 2 2 2

building programs to professional societies
and journal editors
Indicator 5: Proportion of aligning theoretical Percent 25 35 45 50

classes with hands on or problem-based
learning programs.
Indicator 6: Number of scientific research number

thematic areas identified.
Indicator 7: Number of technologies injected number

into society that improve the input / output
relations (producing more for less).
Indicator 8: Providing technical products and number

services at affordable prices
1. Human Capital Development

Strategy 3: Producing Highly Qualified Science Research Professionals
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Objective: Produce highly Indicator 1: Number of researchers who are number
qualified science research trained in globally recognized research
professionals who are institutions.
competent in the global
professional market Indicator 2: Number of researches carried out number
with international partnership.
Indicator 3: Number of research papers number

presented in internationally organized
symposium/workshops/conference.
Indicator 4: Number of patents registered number NA

through international collaborative research.
Indicator 5: Number of researchers who have number

registered patents
Indicator 6: Number of publications made with number

international researchers as co-authors
Indicator 7: Number of full professorships number 243

awarded
Indicator 8: Number of career development number

programs.
Indicator 9: Number of staff mobility to number

national and / or international institutes to
Quality
upgrade their skills and to conduct value

adding research
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Indicator 1: Number of postgraduate students number
who are advised by qualified Ethiopian
researchers.
Indicator 2: Number of established short term number

science research training centers
Indicator 3: Number of researchers trained in number

demanded research skills.
Indicator 4: Number of researchers who number

secured research fund from industries
Indicator 5: Research fund mobilized through number

alumni associations
Indicator 6: Number of positions taken by number

competent female, special needs and
Access
minorities professionals in the institute
Indicator 1: Amount of research fund secured number

through international partnerships.
Indicator 2: Number of public lectures made on number NA 15 20 35 40

science research nationally and internationally
Indicator 3: Number of usable research number

technologies produced
Relevance
Indicator 4: Number of commercialized number

research outputs/products
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Indicator 5: Number of joint research projects number
conducted with industries.
Indicator 6: Number of research projects number

completed as per the project schedule
Indicator 1: Number of research projects that number

addressed problems of underserved
community members
Indicator 2: Number of beneficiaries from the number

scientific research projects.
Indicator 3: Number of women researchers number

who published their scientific findings on
reputable journals.
Indicator 4: Number of females, special needs number

and minorities involved in institutional
Equity
management
2: Enterprises Development
Strategy 1: Promoting Science Research for Productive Enterprises to Support Job Creation Opportunities
Indicator 1: Number of established incubation number
and research commercialization centers
Objective: Creation of capable of producing knowledge-based
productive enterprises enterprises.
Quality
that will use science

research outputs with Indicator 2: Number of quality research number
diverse opportunities for products and technologies used by the
job enterprises.
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creation, entrepreneurshi Indicator 3: Amount of fund allocated for Number
p, creativity, and R&D by private and public enterprises
innovation
Indicator 4: Number of technologies adapted Number
/ adopted or created
Rel Indicator 1: Number of established and number

eva strengthened science business firms and
nce entrepreneurs.
Indicator 2 Number of produced number

products added to the export market.
Indicator 3: Number of established number NA

enterprises that enhance indigenous
knowledge and technologies.
Indicator 4: Number of research product number

users
Indicator 5: Number of relevant positions number

(jobs) available to society by enterprises
Indicator 1: Number of avail science number

information to enterprises to enhance their
development, and inter-firm cooperation for
mutual benefit.
Acc
Indicator 2: Number of clusters that facilitate number
ess
information exchanges among governmental
and non-governmental enterprises.
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Indicator 3: Number of provisions of funding number 2 2 2 2
and incentive schemes.
Indicator 4: Number of provided capacity number 45 90 120 180
building programs, especially for micro, small,
and medium enterprises.
Indicator 5: Number of science and number 10 10 10 10
technology bureaus available and
partnerships made with.
Indicator 6: Number of supports given by
enterprise to local community (children,
mothers, health services, etc.)
Indicator 1: Number of provisions of support number NA
by government and non-governmental to
enterprises and business firms.
Indicator 2: Number of alignments of science number

organizations, professional societies, research
institutions, science parks, and technological
parks with business enterprises.
Indicator 3: Number of created reward number NA
systems that help strengthening linkage
among private and public firms.
Indicator 4: Number of awards given to number
enterprises for engaging females, special
needs, and underserved sectors of society
Indicator 5: Proportion of created reward number
Equity
system that promote gender equality and

underserved community
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2: Enterprises Development
Strategy 2: Enhancing the capacity of entrepreneurs’ creativity and innovativeness
Objective: Enhance the Indicator 1: Number of trained entrepreneurs number
capacity of with creativity and innovative research ideas
entrepreneurs’ creativity
Indicator 2: Number of entrepreneurs who
and innovativeness in
owned business enterprises
using the outputs of
scientific research Indicator 3: Number of job opportunities number
created
programs and experiences shared with
national and international agencies
Quality
Indicator 5: Number of support facilities to number

females, special needs and underserved
sectors professionals in the enterprise
Indicator 1: Number of produced products number
Indicator 2: Number of transferred number
technologies to consumers
Indicator 3: Number of commercialized number
science research products
Indicator 4: Number of entrepreneurs with number NA
national and international business networks
Relevance
Indicator 5: Number of completed career number

development programs that resulted in
personal and institutional proficiencies
Indicator 1: Number of women entrepreneurs number
trained with business creativity and
innovativeness
Equity
Indicator 2: Number of entrepreneurs from number

underserved community
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Indicator 3: Number of entrepreneurs with number
disability whose capacity is enhanced through
training

programs equitably provided to females,
special needs and
Indicator 1: Number of entrepreneurships number NA
training centers
Indicator 2: Number of entrepreneurship
related trainings availed
Indicator 3: Number of experiences sharing number NA 2 2 2 2
programs organized both nationally and
internationally
Indicator 4: Ratio of access to webinar Percent

trainings and career development programs
underserved professionals.
Access
Indicator 5: Distribution of entrepreneurship Percent

training centers across the regions
3: Scientific Research and Innovation
Strategy 1: Establish Scientific Research and Innovation Institutions
OBJECTIVE: To make Indicator 1: Number of established research number
research outputs tailored center of excellence in existing HEIs and
to development needs research institutions
Indicator 2: Number of established number

institutions’ intellectual property right system
to benefit researchers and institutions
Quality
number
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Indicator 3: number of scientific equipment number NA
maintenance, counseling services and capacity
building programs provided.
Indicator 4: Number of established systems number

that enable efficient use of the limited
research infrastructure (of RIs and HEIs)
Indicator 5: number of established science number NA

research fund institutions that enhance
science, research, innovation, and science
culture enhancement in the country.
Indicator 6: Number of emerging technologies number

produced using Nanotechnology,
Biotechnology, Material Science, Space
science, AI, that directly help addressing
national (PDC, STI), continental (STISA-2024,
AU-2063), and global (SDGs-2030)
development agenda.
Indicator 1: number of fulfilled and number 2 4 8 12

strengthened research infrastructure due to
allocation of at least 1% of the national GDP
for R&D
Indicator 2: Amount of fund raised to number

strengthened research infrastructures.
Indicator 3: Established National Research number 2 2 2 2

Relevance
Council to oversee the relevance of research

activities in the country.
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Indicator 4: Number of established research number 1 - - 1
council in each sector
Indicator 5: Number of research institutions number NA

with adequate research manpower.
Indicator 6: Number of researches conducted number

by higher education and research institutions
solving the problems of the industry.
Indicator 7: Number of researches conducted number

by HEIs that give due emphasis to indigenous
knowledge and technology.
Indicator 8: Number of multidisciplinary and number NA 2 2 2 2

interdisciplinary research activities geared
towards meeting national development
agenda.
Indicator 1: number of Identified stakeholders number NA

and council members from core areas, namely
agriculture, environment, health, industry, etc.
Indicator 2: number of Establishments and number

commissioning of sub-councils as needed in
different sectors.
Equity
Indicator 3: Amount of science fund to number

motivate individuals, professional societies,
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and institutions engaged in indigenous
knowledge and modern scientific research.
Indicator 5: Number of implemented Plan that number

are market-oriented and thematic-areas
focused on research and development
activities.
Indicator 6: Number of established funding number

programs targeting research priorities for
industry problems.
Indicator 7: Number of enhanced qualities of NA

research conducted by postgraduate program
number
students and academic staffs.
Indicator 8: Number of collaborations made number

with the scientific professional societies.
Indicator 9: Proportion of established research Percent

programs targeting gender equality, special
need and pastoralist community.
Indicator 1: Number of created strong number

research linkage among universities, research
institutions, and industries.
Indicator 2: Presence of established system to number

create conducive environment for industries
to utilize research institution’s and HEI’s
Access
results.
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Indicator 3: Number of national journal number
citations made with international publications.
Indicator 4: Number of national platforms number

established to publish and distribute research
results in local languages
4: Knowledge Management
Strategy 1: Establish a National Science Information System
OBJECTIVE: Share Indicator 1: Number of created national data number 1 - - 1
perspectives, ideas, repository for science, science culture,
experiences, information, innovation, and research activities.
and make them available
in the right place at the Indicator 2: Number of capacity buildings number 1 2 2 2 2
right time to enable programs for extracting and using information
informed decisions from data repository for science, science
culture, innovation, and research activities.
Quality
Indicator 3: Number of formulated data number

management regulations, including
intellectual property rights and management
of generated innovations and technologies.
Indicator 4: Number of formulated ethical number

clearance and research ethics control
regulations
Indicator 1: Number of developed national number

science information system to avail science
information at a national level.
Relevance
Indicator 2: Number of mapped, reviewed, and number

analyzed scientific indigenous knowledge and
emerging technologies addressed.
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Indicator1: Number of inclusive knowledge number
management made and addressed
environmental, cultural, and social
protections.
Indicator 2: Number of assisted institutions in number
developing an ICT based knowledge
management system that will allow the
creation, acquisition, and management of
science information.
Indicator3: Number of systems established for number NA
accessing information for users with disability
Indicator 4: Number of supports made to number
females, special needs and other underserved
professional in knowledge production,
publications, conference participations to
Equity
observe their participation in knowledge

production
Indicator 1: Number of created mechanisms number
for information exchange among national,
regional, continental, and international
scientific agencies.
Indicator 2: number of formulating data / number
knowledge dissemination regulations,
including knowledge protection in cases of
infringing of national and enterprise interests
Indicator 3: number of formulating regulations number
in ethical distribution of knowledge,
Access
innovations and technologies
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4: Knowledge Management
Strategy1: Establishing Research Ethics System
OBJECTIVE: Strengthen Indicator 1: Introduced research ethics act number
Institutions, Researchers Indicator 2: Number of established number 46 - - 46
and Reviewers to achieve institutional review board (IRB)
and sustain the Overall
Research Ethics System Indicator 3: Number of collaboration and number
networking made in research ethics
Indicator 5: Number of graduates in number
research ethics
Indicator 6: Number of upgrading periodic number
Quality
trainings offered to staff and guide

booklets distributed
Indicator 1: Number of research protocols number
reviewed.
Relevance
Indicator 2: presence of community number

representative in IRB
Indicator 1: Proportion of women number 20 30 45 50
members in IRB
Indicator 2: Proportion of women who number
Equity
participated in capacity building programs

on research ethics
Indicator 1: Number of established number
Acces
institutional review board (IRB)

s
5: Partnership and international Cooperation

Strategy1: Ensure Incorporation of Science Capacity Building Elements in Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements
Page 48 of 57
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OBJECTIVE: Ensure the Indicator 1: Number of Ethiopian researchers number
mutual benefits have been participated in researches done with
in place and listed clearly international collaboration
on the agreements Indicator 2: Number of funding for number
bilateral/multilateral scientific projects
Indicator 3: Number of researchers exchange number

made in internationally
Indicator 4: Number of projects based on the number
comparative advantages of Ethiopia
Indicator 5: Number of international projects in number
which Ethiopian HEIs play leading roles.
Indicator 6: Amount of grants won per year number
nationally and internationally
Indicator 7: Number projects and the number

associated funding won to support females,
Quality
special needs, gifted, retarded children and

underserved sectors of the society and staff
Indicator1: Number of agreements made with number
partners.
Indicator 2: Number of collaborative number
researches made geared with national
development agenda
Indicator 3: Number of capacity buildings number
conducted based on the agreements.
Indicator 4: Number of reports completed to
the best satisfaction of different sectors of
Relevance
society (females, special needs, gifted,

retarded and underserved sectors) who
benefited from the agreements or projects.
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Indicator 1: Proportion of women researchers number 20 30 45 50
among the capacity building programs
participants
Indicator 2: Proportion of women researchers number
participated in researches carried out in
collaboration
Indicator 3: Proportion of researchers from number
underserved regions from the capacity building
programs participants
Indicator 4: Number of collaborations made number
with the research institution at HEIS and
TVETS.
Indicator 5: Number of appropriated funds in
fair and transparent ways among all national
and international partners
Indicator 6: Number of disadvantaged
community members participating in the
projects (females, special needs, gifted, and
other underserved community members)
Indicator 7: Proportion of agreements that
Equity
promote researches which take gender equity

and underserved community into account
Indicator 1: Number of expert assistance and number 1
scientific visits made
Indicator 2: Number of private sectors engaged number NA
Access
in scientific research and development

activates.
Page 50 of 57
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Indicator 3: Number of benefiting females, Number
special needs, gifted and underserved sectors
of society
6: Financing and incentive schemes
Strategy1: Create Strong Incentive Scheme and Reward System
OBJECTIVE: Create Strong Indicator 1: Introduced reward system by
and Competitive National reviewing the best global experiences.
Reward System Indicator 2: Number of recognized individuals, number
professional societies, and institutions that
excel in problem solving research and
innovation programs.
Indicator 3: Proportion of budget allocated for number
science, research and innovation incentive
scheme (from the government's budget for
research)
Indicator 4: Number of awards or incentives number

for project continuation
Indicator 5: Number of incentives awarded to number
social services by investments that generate
value-adding R&Ds
Indicator 6: Amount of tax reduction to number
enterprises that conduct value-adding R&Ds
Indicator 7: Number of services and upgrading number
trainings provided to females, special needs,
gifted, and underserved sectors of society
Indicator 8: Number of created systems to number
Quality
remobilize international resource for research

reward programs
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Indicator 1: Number of created strong public- number
private partnership that play active role in
financial and incentive schemes.
Indicator 2: Number of national science funds number
gained from national and international
organizations (state and non-state
organizations).
Indicator 3: Number of established reward number
system that target the national development
agendas
Indicator 4: Number of established granting number
system and funding scheme to strengthen the
Relevance
national science activities for proposed

thematic programs based on national
roadmaps and research programs.
Indicator 1: Number of Introduced initiatives number
for science to work towards the needs of
ordinary people.
Indicator 2: Introduced inclusive reward system number
by reviewing the best global experiences
Indicator 3: Number of launched motivation number
mechanisms to youngest citizens for passion
and innovation on STEM.
Indicator4: Number of established number
organizations involved in nurturing science to
ordinary people and enhancing indigenous
knowledge.
Equity
Indicator 5: Number of national science funds number

gained from national and international
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organizations (state and non-state
organizations).
Indicator 1: Availed national award system to number 1 1 1 1
create a broad-based culture in science,
research and innovation incentive scheme.
Indicator 2: Number of awareness programs number
for the private sector to allocate budget for
research and innovation incentive scheme
Indicator 3: Number of private number
organizations/companies that allocate budget
for research and innovation incentive scheme
Indicator 5: number of modalities of number
announcement (transparency) inviting public
and private enterprises to compete for
incentives and special award schemes
Indicator 6: setting agreed upon criteria for
Access
the selection of the award winners in

transparent manners
Page 53 of 57
5. REVIEW OF THIS SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM (SRP)
The global pace in the exercise of science and technology is changing very fast. It has become
increasingly difficult for developing countries like Ethiopia to catch up with the new
developments. This SRP developed in the present context cannot accommodate the new changes
unless it is reviewed periodically following the trends of changes in science and technology and
the new developments that follow them. It is therefore necessary to set up a modality of periodic
review of this SRP to match the changes so that it prevails over time and serves the purpose it is
designed for.
5.1. Procedures of the updating of the SRP

The request for changes and modifications in the ESP can be initiated form the upper ranks of
the institutes or enterprises (top-down) or from the staff below (bottom-up). But this has to go
under the proper scrutiny of discussions and participation of all stakeholders within these
institutes and enterprises and outside of them. The use of a workshop for interactive and
constructive discussions is highly recommended.
5.2 Authority of updating the SRP

The final approval of the revised document should be the task of the supreme legislative body
of the institute or enterprise.
6. RESULT-BASED MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS (RBM) OF THE SRP
The purpose of using RBM is to orient the actions and use of resources towards achieving clearly
defined and demonstrable results. It increases transparency and accountability, allowing
interventions to complement each other and avoid overlap and waste. With an agreed upon
RBM, it is easy to strategically control the outcomes of actions such as those envisaged in this
SRP.
In the context of this SRP, all the indicators suggested under each PC should be analyzed with
RBM, as all of them suggest outcomes (quantitative as well as qualitative) are expected to happen
in a given period of time, by certain responsible offices and their personnel that require certain

amounts and types of resources to deliver what is expected of them. So long as such is the
expectations, all stakeholders that require the proper implementation of this SRP need to
develop an RBM on which they all agree.
7. SYNERGY OF THE VARIOUS PROGRAM COMPONENTS OF THE SRP IN

RELATION TO NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
PERSPECTIVES
It is also imperative that all users of this SRP in HEIs, RIs or enterprises should have the bigger
picture of the program components. This bigger image can describe easily the program
components , their purpose and implementation flow. In other words, users of this SRP should
have complete grasp of how each RC functions and how the whole of them (six of them in this
document) are interrelated to bring about the desired outcomes in a given time by way of using
the optimum amount of resources they need. Accordingly, there should be a synergic relationship
that shows how the various RC are related and linked with each other and how these are
connected to other policies from which this SRP emanated, its relations with the research
governance system and its infrastructure systems. In addition, the synergy structure also
incorporates the community engagement in the SRP. The flow structure of SRP is demonstrated
in the following flow diagram (Fig 1).
Page 55 of 57
Research Governance and Infrastructure Development
Partnership &
International
Cooperation
Human
Capacity
Devel’t
National
Science Publications,
Science Knowledge
Research Innovations &
Research M’gmt
Devel’t Technologies
Policy
Enterprise
Devel’t
Financing &
incentive
schemes
Community engagement and Stakeholder Feedbacks
Community engagement and Stakeholder Feedbacks
Fig 1
Schematic flow of different program components synergy

Ethiopian Science Research Program. MoSHE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. November 2020

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Science Research Program of Ethiopia

Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MoSHE)

3.2 Enterprises Development ............................................................................................... 16

3.3 Scientific Research and Innovation.................................................................................. 19

3.4: Knowledge Management ............................................................................................... 21

3.5 Partnership and International Cooperation ..................................................................... 24

4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ..................................................................................... 29

HCD Human Capacity Development

Research is defined as a process of investigation leading to new insights, effectively shared.

A prerequisite for evidence-based educational policy formation is the timely provision of

Table 1. Matrix of situation analysis based on SWOT analysis, January 2021

2.3 Policy Statement

2.4 Program Goal:

2.5 Program Objectives

1. To ensure science research is aligned with the national development agenda;

2.6 Expected Outcomes

3.1 Human Capital Development

3.1.1 Strategy 1: Expanding and Strengthening Science in Basic Education

Indicator 2: Percentage of students accessed with adequate science

Relevance Indicator 2: Number of organized science clubs, science fairs,

3.1.2 Strategy 2: Establishing Science and Technology Institutes

Indicator 1: Proportion of institutions that produce medium- and highly

Indicator 2: Percentage access to established and shared central or

3.1.3 Strategy 3: Producing Highly Qualified Science Research Professionals

Indicator 1: Proportion of researchers who are trained in globally recognized

Quality Indicator 6: Percentage of researchers who have registered patents.

Indicator 1: Percentage of postgraduate students who are advised by

3.2 Enterprise Development

3.2.1 Strategy 1: Promoting Science Research for Productive Enterprises to

Indicator 2: Number of produced products added to the export market.

Indicator 3: Number of established enterprises that enhance indigenous

Equity Indicator 2: Percentage of alignments of science organizations, professional

3.2.2 Strategy 2: Enhancing the capacity of entrepreneur’s creativity and

Quality Indicator 3: Proportion of job opportunities created by trained entrepreneurs.

Indicator 2: Number of transferred technologies to consumers.

Indicator 5: Distribution of entrepreneurship training centers across the regions.

3.3 Scientific Research and Innovation

3.3.1 Strategy 1: Establish Scientific Research and Innovation Institutions

Indicator 5: Number of research institutions with adequate research workforce.

Indicator 7: Proportion of research conducted by higher education and research

Indicator 8: Number of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research activities

Indicator 1: Number of evolving research centers of excellence in existing HEIs

Indicator 2: Number of established institutions’ intellectual property right

Indicator 3: Provisions for scientific equipment maintenance, counseling

Indicator 4: Availability of established system that enables efficient use of the

Indicator 5: State of research infrastructure, centers of excellence with central

Indicator 6: Proportion of established science research funding institutions that

Indicator 7: State of research institutions specialized in emerging technologies

Indicator 1: Proportion representation of Identified stakeholders and council

Indicator 2Presnce of establishments and commissioning of sub-councils in

Indicator 3: Provisions for science fund to motivate individuals, professional

Indicator 5: Proportion of implemented plans that are market-oriented and

Indicator 6: Proportion of research oriented- programs designed to address

Indicator 7: Proportion of enhanced quality of research conducted by

Indicator 8: Number of collaborations made with the scientific professional

Indicator 9: Proportion of established research programs targeting gender

Indicator 1: Number of created strong research linkage among universities,

Indicator 3: Number of national journal citations made with international

Indicator 4: Number of national platforms established to publish and distribute