The Possibility of Creating Thinking Machines Raises A Host of Ethical Issues.

BCS THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE FOR IT
BCS HIGHER EDUCATION QUALIFICATIONS

BCS Level 6 Professional Graduate Diploma in IT
KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS
Wednesday 23rd March 2016 - Afternoon

Answer any THREE questions out of FIVE. All questions carry equal marks.
Time: THREE hours
Answer any Section A questions you attempt in Answer Book A

Answer any Section B questions you attempt in Answer Book B
The marks given in brackets are indicative of the weight given to each part of the question.
Calculators are NOT allowed in this examination.
Section A
Answer Section A questions in Answer Book A
1. Knowledge elicitation consists of a set of techniques for collecting the knowledge of

domain experts. There are many different techniques which can be used for
knowledge elicitation.
i. Select one application domain for which a knowledge base might be created.
Outline three techniques which could be used for knowledge elicitation in your
chosen application domain, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of
each technique. (10 marks)
ii. Use a knowledge representation scheme to present the knowledge base for your
chosen domain. Discuss how your knowledge base could be used to solve
problems within the domain, giving examples of the impact that the system might
have. (15 marks)
2. “The possibility of creating thinking machines raises a host of ethical issues.”

(Bostrom & Yudkowsky, The ethics of artificial intelligence, 2013)
i. Discuss the ethical issues which are raised by artificial intelligence and
knowledge based systems. (10 marks)
ii. Outline three approaches by which artificial intelligence or knowledge based

systems attempt to model human intelligence. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each approach you choose. (15 marks)
3. Knowledge based systems and artificial intelligence are receiving renewed interest
and are being deployed in new application areas.
i. There is currently much concern about data security and the emergence of
cybercrime. Some researchers believe that knowledge based systems and
artificial intelligence may offer possible cybersecurity solutions and help us to
combat cybercrime. Discuss which knowledge based systems techniques might
be applied to combat cybercrime, explaining why these techniques might be
applicable and how they might be used in the development of systems for
cybersecurity. (15 marks)
ii. Recent advances in cloud technology have opened up new possibilities for the
application of knowledge base systems. Describe two knowledge based systems
applications which have been made possible by the availability of big data and/or
cloud technology. For each knowledge based systems application you choose
make it clear how new technology has enabled the development of that
application. (10 marks)
Section B
Answer Section B questions in Answer Book B
4. Neural network systems offer powerful approaches which can be applied to the
solution of problems in many different application domains.
i. Explain the basis on which neural networks operate, illustrating your answer by
reference to common neural network algorithms and/or techniques.
(10 marks)
ii. Outline and discuss three examples of real-world applications of neural network
systems. You can use examples from business, industry or ever-day life. For
each example you choose, discuss the benefits offered by the system and the
potential impact that it makes. (15 marks)
5. Knowledge based systems can be applied to problem solving, and there are several
different approaches which they may use to do so.
i. Explain the difference between ill-defined and well-defined problems and briefly
discuss how knowledge based systems techniques might be applied to each type
of problem. (5 marks)
ii. Distinguish between brute-force and heuristic methods for problem solving.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of the two approaches, using
examples to illustrate your answer. (10 marks)
iii. Explain the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. Use examples
to illustrate your answer. (10 marks)

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BCS THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE FOR IT

BCS HIGHER EDUCATION QUALIFICATIONS

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS

Wednesday 23rd March 2016 - Afternoon

Answer any Section A questions you attempt in Answer Book A

Calculators are NOT allowed in this examination.

1. Knowledge elicitation consists of a set of techniques for collecting the knowledge of

2. “The possibility of creating thinking machines raises a host of ethical issues.”

ii. Outline three approaches by which artificial intelligence or knowledge based

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