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JAVIER Health Assessment Skills Lab Week 1

1) The document provides steps and rationales for assessing the skin, hair, and nails during a health assessment skills laboratory session. 2) Key steps include inspecting skin color and lesions, assessing edema, palpating skin temperature and moisture, and noting skin turgor. For hair, inspection focuses on growth, texture, and infections. Nail assessment examines shape, texture, color, and capillary refill. 3) The rationales explain what normal findings should be and how abnormalities may indicate underlying health issues, such as using nail color to identify hypoxia or anemia. Protecting oneself from infections is also emphasized.

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Ian Moldero
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212 views3 pages

JAVIER Health Assessment Skills Lab Week 1

1) The document provides steps and rationales for assessing the skin, hair, and nails during a health assessment skills laboratory session. 2) Key steps include inspecting skin color and lesions, assessing edema, palpating skin temperature and moisture, and noting skin turgor. For hair, inspection focuses on growth, texture, and infections. Nail assessment examines shape, texture, color, and capillary refill. 3) The rationales explain what normal findings should be and how abnormalities may indicate underlying health issues, such as using nail color to identify hypoxia or anemia. Protecting oneself from infections is also emphasized.

Uploaded by

Ian Moldero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SHAINA M.

JAVIER BSN 1 (SET 1)

ACTIVITIES FOR HEALTH ASSESSMENT SKILLS LABORATORY


WEEK 1
3) ASSESSING THE SKIN

STEPS RATIONALE
1) Inspect the color of the skin. Normal skin color is due to melanin, hemoglobin,
and carotenoids. The range of skin colors seen in
skin conditions and individual lesions can be
additional important diagnostic signs.

Know the patient’s normal skin tone so that you


can evaluate changes. Look for differences in
color between comparable body parts, such as
left and right legs.
2) Inspect uniformity of skin color. Normal findings will show that it is uniform
except in areas exposed to sun. Skin color is
particularly important in detecting cyanosis and
staging pressure ulcers.
3) Assess edema, if present. Determine whether it is unilateral or bilateral.
Unilateral edema may indicate a local or
peripheral cause, whereas bilateral-pitting edema
usually indicates cardiac or kidney failure.
4) Inspect, palpate and describe skin lesions. Lesions may indicate local or systemic problems.
Apply gloves if lesions are opening or draining. The palpation of eruptions of skin lesions will give
Describe lesions according to location, additional information on the texture of the skin
distribution, color, configuration, size, shape, surface, consistency, thickness, mobility,
type, or structure. tenderness, and temperature.

The skin is normally free of lesions, except for


common freckles or age-related changes such as
skin tags or senile keratosis, cherry angiomas,
and atrophic warts

Wear gloves when inspecting and palpating skin


lesions since it is infectious.
5) Observe and palpate skin moisture. The hydration of skin and mucous membranes
helps to reveal body fluid imbalances, changes in
the skin environment, and regulation of body
temperature. Moisture refers to wetness or
oiliness. The skin is normally smooth and dry.
Skinfolds such as the axilla are normally moist.
Minimal perspiration or oiliness is present in
normal skin.
6) Palpate skin temperature. Compare the two Skin warmth or coolness can indicate skin
feet and the two hands using the back of your damage. Normally, the skin is warm. The
fingers. temperature of the skin depends on the amount
SHAINA M. JAVIER BSN 1 (SET 1)

of blood circulating through the dermis.


Increased or decreased of skin temperature
reflects an increase or decrease of blood flow.

Palpate skin temperature using the back of your


hands or fingers because it is more sensitive to
temperature.
7) Note skin turgor by lifting and pinching the skin Turgor refers to the skin’s elasticity and how
on an extremity. quickly the skin returns to its original shape after
being pinched. Normally, the skin is mobile, with
elasticity and returns to original shape quickly.

4) ASSESSING THE HAIR

STEPS RATIONALE
1) Inspect the evenness of growth over the scalp. Hair is normally distributed evenly.
2) Inspect hair thickness or thinness. Baldness or thinning of the hair is usually related
to genetic tendencies and endocrine disorders
such as diabetes and even menopause.
3) Inspect hair texture and oiliness. Hair is normally silky and resilient.
4) Note presence of infections or infestations by Separate the hair into sections and lift it,
parting the hair in several areas and checking observing the scalp. All areas should be clean and
behind the ears and along the hairline at the free of lesions or pests. Check also the area
neck. behind your ears and along the hairline at the
neck because sometimes infections or
infestations are stuck here.
5) Inspect the amount of body hair. A complete examination should include
inspection of terminal hair of the eyebrows,
eyelashes, beard, axilla and pubic area as well as
body hair generally.

Excessive body hair may be a sign of a more


serious medical condition.

5) ASSESSING THE NAILS

STEPS RATIONALE
1) Inspect the fingernail plate shape to determine There is normally a 160-degree angle between
its curvature and angle. the nail base and the skin. Early clubbing (180-
degree angle with spongy sensation) and late
clubbing (greater than 180-degree angle) can
occur from hypoxia. Spoon nails (concave) may
be present with iron deficiency anemia.
2) Inspect fingernail and toenail texture. Nails are hard and basically immobile. Thickened
nails (especially toenails) may be caused by
decreased circulation, and is also seen in
SHAINA M. JAVIER BSN 1 (SET 1)

onychomycosis. But we must also consider that


older clients’ nails may appear thickened, yellow,
and brittle because of decreased circulation in
the extremities.
3) Inspect fingernail and toenail bed color. Pink tones should be seen. Pale or cyanotic nails
may indicate hypoxia or anemia. Yellow
discoloration may be seen in fungal infections or
psoriasis.
4) Inspect tissues surrounding nails. Tissues surrounding the nails should be intact.
5) Perform blanch test of capillary refill. Normal findings shows that pink tone returns
immediately to blanched nail beds when pressure
is released.

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