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Basic Components of Building Structure

This document discusses the basic components of building structure, which are divided into substructure and superstructure elements. The substructure includes the foundation, plinth, and damp proof course. The superstructure includes the plinth beam, floors, walls, openings, stairs, roof, doors and windows, surfaces/finishes, and building services like water supply and electricity. Foundations transfer building loads to the soil, while plinths raise structures above ground level. Floors, walls, and roofs form the main building assembly, and openings include doors, windows, and ventilation.

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Usman Shahid
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405 views5 pages

Basic Components of Building Structure

This document discusses the basic components of building structure, which are divided into substructure and superstructure elements. The substructure includes the foundation, plinth, and damp proof course. The superstructure includes the plinth beam, floors, walls, openings, stairs, roof, doors and windows, surfaces/finishes, and building services like water supply and electricity. Foundations transfer building loads to the soil, while plinths raise structures above ground level. Floors, walls, and roofs form the main building assembly, and openings include doors, windows, and ventilation.

Uploaded by

Usman Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Components of Building Structure

thecivilengineerings.com

Contents

 1 Basic Components of Building Structure | Building Elements | Sub Structure | Super


Structure
o
 1.0.1 1. FOUNDATION | Building Elements
 1.0.2 2. PLINTH| Building Elements
 1.0.3 3. DAMP PROOF COURSE (DPC) Building Elements
 1.0.4 OTHER POSTS:
 1.0.4.1 Method Statement for Installation of Anchor Bolts | Setting
Out
 1.0.4.2 7 Top Quality Engineer Job Interview Questions That You
Should Know
 1.0.4.3 Estimate of F Shape Wall in Excel |  Building Wall Estimate
 1.0.5 4. PLINTH BEAM Super Structure 
 1.0.6 5. FLOOR Basic Components of Building Structure
 1.0.7 6. WALLS Basic Components of Building Structure
 1.0.8 7. OPENINGS Super Structure Building Elements
 1.0.9 8. STAIRS Basic Components of Building Structure
 1.0.10 9. ROOF Super Structure
 1.0.11 10. FABRICATION OF DOORS AND WINDOWS:
 1.0.12 11. SURFACES / FINISHES Super Structure
 1.0.13 12. BUILDING SERVICES: Basic Components of Building Structure

 1.0.13.0.1 Water supply, drainage, and sanitation (building
service).
 1.0.14 Electrical works (building service).
 1.0.15 Conclusion:

In this article we will discuss about the Basic Components of Building Structure | Building
Elements | Sub Structure | Super Structure. A building consists of following basic
components including Building Elements, sub structure and super structure.
1. FOUNDATION | Building Elements

A foundation is necessary to evenly distribute the entire building load on the soil in such a
manner that no damaging settlements take place. Hence, the foundations need to be
constructed on good/solid ground.

2. PLINTH| Building Elements

A plinth is normally constructed just above the ground level and immediately after the
foundation. It raises the floor above the ground level and herewith prevents surface water
from entering the building.

3. DAMP PROOF COURSE (DPC) Building Elements

Damp proof course is a layer of water proofing material such as asphalt or waterproof
cement. Walls are constructed above the damp proof course.

Damp proof course prevents surface water from rising into the walls.

Dampness reduces the strength of the walls and creates unhealthy living conditions. Also it
affects the paint and plaster and increasing the cost of maintenance.

Damp proofing layer is not required where a plinth beam is constructed, because the plinth
beam already performs like a DPC.
Basic Components of Building Structure, Building Elements, Sub Structure, Super Structure
Foundation, Plinth, DPC Damp proof course, plinth, plinth beam

4. PLINTH BEAM Super Structure 

A plinth beam is constructed depending upon the type of the structure of the building and
nature of the soil. It provides additional stability in regard to settlements of the building and
earthquake damages.

5. FLOOR Basic Components of Building Structure

This is the surface on which we do most of our activities. Flooring is laid over the filling of
the plinth and on subsequent floors.

Flooring can be done with different materials, but care must be given that the ground below
the floor is well compacted. Flooring is done to prevent dampness from rising to the top and
to have a firm platform that can be kept hygienic and clean.

6. WALLS Basic Components of Building Structure

Walls are the vertical elements on which the roof finally rests. They can be made of different
materials like bricks, stones, mud, concrete blocks, lateritic blocks etc. If the walls are very
long, columns can be provided to carry the roof.

Walls provide privacy and enclosure. Walls also provide security and protection against
natural elements such as wind, rain and sunshine.

Openings are to be provided in wall for access and ventilation.

7. OPENINGS Super Structure Building Elements

Openings are normally provided in the walls as door, windows and ventilators.
Doors provide access; windows and ventilators provide light and ventilation.

Lintels are constructed just above the openings. It is normally a stone slab or a concrete slab.

Sill is the part of the wall that is just below the window.

Lintels are constructed to hold up the walls above the openings. In earthquake prone areas a
continuous lintel beam is provided all over the walls.

8. STAIRS Basic Components of Building Structure

A stair is a sequence of steps and it is provided to afford the means of ascent and descent
between the floors and landings.

The apartment or room of a building in which stair is located is called staircase. The space or
opening occupied by the stair is called a stairway.

There are different kind of stairs are used in buildings, like RCC stair, wooden stair, metal
stair, brick stair etc.

9. ROOF Super Structure

The roof provides protection for the building and the people living in it. The roof rests on the
walls and requires proper anchoring so that wind and other mechanical impact cannot destroy
it. A roof can have different shapes but it is always either flat or sloping.

Roof is typically made of RCC, stone slab, tiles etc.

10. FABRICATION OF DOORS AND WINDOWS:

Openings are necessary in buildings for passages inside and outside the buildings.

We also need windows for lighting and ventilation.

A detailed study of doors and windows is an important part of building construction as the
expenditure on this item alone can go up to 15 to 20 percent of the total cost of civil works.

Traditionally, doors and windows were made of wood and hence, this work is sometimes
referred to as woodwork in buildings.

Other woodwork like provision of cupboards are also important, but it comes under the
subject of interior decoration.

11. SURFACES / FINISHES Super Structure

External finishes are the outer most layer of protection, which protect the structure from
weathering. Internal finishes are the layers given on internal faces. They give durability and
pleasing appearance to the inside.
12. BUILDING SERVICES: Basic Components of Building Structure

Water supply, drainage, sanitation, electric supply lifts, external works, construction of
cupboard, etc. are considered as items outside of civil works and are called building services.

Water supply, drainage, and sanitation (building service).

These works are considered separate from civil works and are also estimated separately.

Design and details of these will be studied in public health engineering under building
services.

However, an elementary treatment of the subject is always included in basic building


construction.

Electrical works (building service).

Lighting and supply of electricity for various pieces of equipment used in buildings also
come under building services.

The supply and distribution of electricity in a building is a specialized work to be carried out
by an electrical engineer.

However, the basics of these works are also usually dealt with in elementary building
construction.

Usually, a lump sum equal to 25 to 30 percent of civil works is estimated as the probable
expense for the above two items taken together.

Conclusion:

Full article on Basic Components of Building Structure | Building Elements | Sub


Structure | Super Structure Thank you for the full reading of this article in “The Civil
Engineering” platform in English. If you find this post helpful, then help others by sharing it
on social media. If you have any question regarding article please tell me in comments.

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