Audience Behavior Mining

“AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR MINING”

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
RAHUL N K

(OTASMCS006)

For the Award of the Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc)

IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
(University of Calicut)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

N.S.S COLLEGE
OTTAPALAM

(Affiliated To University of Calicut)

Palappuram, Kerala - 679103
June 2020

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I thank the almighty God who gave me the knowledge and strength
to successfully complete this project.
I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all people who advice and support
me. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr.K RADHAKRISHNAN,Associate
Professor and Head of the Department of Computer Science, for giving his expert
guidance through the project work and I express my heartfelt gratitude to my project
coordinator Mr R SANTHOSH , associate professor, NSS college Ottapalam.

Date :
Name : Rahul N K

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person or material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma
of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement
has been made in the text.

Place : Ottappalam Name : RAHUL N K

Date : Register No : OTASMCS006

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NSS COLLEGE
OTTAPALAM

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR MINING”
submitted by Rahul N K (Register Number:OTASMCS006) to University of Calicut for
the award of the degree of Master of Science(M.S.c) in Computer Science is a bonafide
record of the project work carried out by him/her under my supervision and guidance.
The content of the report, in full or parts have not been submitted to any other Institute or
University for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Mr.Santhosh R Mr.Radhakrishnan K
Faculty Guide Head of Department
Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

N.S.S COLLEGE OTTAPALAM

Place : Ottapalam
Date :

Certified that the candidate was examined was examined by us in the Project Viva Voice
Examination held on ......................... and his/her Register Number is.............................
Examiners:
1.
2.

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CONTENTS
i. Abstract
ii. List of Figures

iii. List of Tables

1. Introduction
1.1 About the proposed work , underlying technology and techniques
1.2 Project Profile
1.3 About the organization

1.4 Major contributions of project work

2. Problem Definition and Methodology

2.1 Problem Definition
2.2 Objectives
2.3 Motivation

2.4 Methodology
2.5 Scope

3. Requirement Analysis and Specification

3.1 Requirement Analysis/Literature Review
3.2 Existing System

3.3 Proposed System

3.4 Requirement Specification
3.4.1 Functional Requirements
3.4.2 Non-functional Requirements
3.4.3 Environmental Details
3.5 Feasibility Study
3.5.1 Technical Feasibility

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3.5.2 Economical Feasibility

3.5.3 Operational Feasibility
3.6 Hardware and Software Requirement

4. System Design

4.1 Users of System

4.2 Modularity Criteria
4.3 Architecture Diagrams
4.3.1 DFD
4.3.2 Architecture Diagrams
4.4 Database Design

4.4.1 List of Entities and Attributes

4.4.2 E-R Diagram
4.4.3 Structure of Tables

5. Implementation and Maintenance

5.1 Brief description about tools/script for implementation

5.2 Module Hierarchy

5.3 Coding

6. Testing & Implementation

6.1 Test Plans
6.2 Unit Testing

6.2.1 Test Cases

6.3 Integration Testing
6.4 System Testing
6.5 Implementation and Maintenance

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7. Conclusion
7.1 Future Enhancement
8. Bibliography
8.1 Publications

9. Appendix
9.1 Code
9.2 User Interface Design

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ABSTRACT
The online recommendation system has become a trend. Recommended systems
are powerful new technology and it helps users to watch videos, programmes, news and
products which they want to view. Now a days rather than going out and viewing
videos for themselves, reason being, online recommendation provides an easier and
quicker way to view videos, programmes, news and products. A recommendation
system is broadly used to recommend contents to the end users that are most
appropriate.
A recommendation system is one of the strongest tools to increase profit and
retaining viewers. The existing system lead to extraction of irrelevant information and
lead to lack of user satisfaction. The Audience Behavior Mining based on combined
features of Collaborative filtering and Sentimental analysis to produce efficient and
effective recommendation. It helps to recommend the contents like movies or videos,
programmes, news and products based on the user’s interest.

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LIST OF FIGURES

4.3.1 DFD Level 0 ………..……………………………………..……..…….…..18

4.3.1.2 DFD Level 1 Admin.…………………………………………………..…..19

4.3.1.3 DFD Level 1 User……………………………..……………..…….….…..20

4.3.1.4 DFD Level 2 User……………………………………....………….….…..21

4.4.2 E R Diagram..……………….………….………………..….…........…….....30

LIST OF TABLES

1 register………………………………………….…………………..…...………23

2 login…………………………………………………………...……………...…24

3 movie………………………....……………………...…………………..……...24

4 movie comments.………………………………………………………….....…25

5 product…………………………………...…………………………….…....….25

6 product comments ………………………….………………...….……….....….26

7 news….………………………………………...…………...………….…....….26

8 news comments..……….……………………………………...……...…....…..27

9 programme ……………………………………………………......…..….…….27

10 programme comments……….……………………………………...…...……28

11 programme eps………………………………….………………..…...……….28

12 monitor user…………………………………………….…...……...…………29

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INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 About the proposed work , underlying technology and techniques

This project entitled “AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR MINING” is introduced to

provide a facility to the users, which will give recommendation according to their
comments and ratings. The project is used to help users to get recommendation of
contents by using two algorithms. First is, Collaborative filtering and another one is
Sentimental analysis.

Integrating TV ratings with multimedia content could help to identify

relationships between audience Behaviors and TV program content. Here we captures
audience Behavior for just one event, but analysis larger amounts of data could enable
the automatic extraction of audience Behavior patterns. sIt indicates what is of interest to
people, which is important for creating TV programs that attract viewers.

Collaborative filtering

Collaborative filtering (CF) is a technique commonly used to build personalized

recommendations on the Web. It is a technique used by Recommender System. It is a
method of making automatic predictions (filtering) about the interests of a user by
collecting preferences or taste information from many users (collaborating).

EXAMPLE:
Let’s say Alice and Bob have similar interests in video games. Alice recently played and
enjoyed the game Prince of Persia. Bob has not played this game, but because the system has
learned that Alice and Bob have similar tastes, it recommends this game to Bob .

Sentiment Analysis
Sentiment analysis also known as Opinion mining. Sentiment analysis is a type of data
mining that measures the inclination of people’s opinions through natural language
processing (NLP). Which are used to extract and analyze subjective information from the
Web - mostly social media and similar sources.

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1.2 Project Profile

The project entitled “Audience Behavior Mining” have users and admin.
The admin add contents and allow the users to login to the system. User have register
option and can login to the system. Users can view the contents uploaded by the admin
and also have the ability\option to add comments and ratings. Then the users get
recommendation of contents by the help of two algorithms. Collaborative Filtering
and Sentimental analysis.

This project is done using Adobe Dreamweaver. Adobe Dreamweaver

is a web design and development application that combines a visual design surface
known as Live View and a code editor with standard features such as syntax
highlighting, code completion, and code collapsing as well as more sophisticated features
such as real-time syntax checking and code introspection for generating code hints to
assist the user in writing code. Combined with an array of site management tools,
Dreamweaver lets its users design, code and manage websites, as well as mobile content.
Dreamweaver is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool. You can live
preview of changes for the frontend. Dreamweaver is positioned as a versatile web
design and development tool that enables visualization of web content while coding.
Dreamweaver, like other HTML editors, edits files locally then uploads them to the
remote web server using FTP, SFTP, or WebDAV. Dreamweaver CS4 now supports the
Subversion (SVN) version control system.

1.3 Major Contributions of the Project Work

The main contribution of my project is to get recommendation of contents

like Movies or Videos, Programmes, News and Product in a single site. In the existing
system the recommendation is possible for particular content only.
This system use 2 algorithms to get recommendation.
 Collaborative Filtering
 Sentimental Analysis

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PROBLEM DEFINITION AND

METHODOLOGY

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2. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Problem Definition

The proposed system mainly focus on: Providing recommendation of contents

uploaded by the admin to users. It captures audience Behavior for just one event, but
analysis of larger amounts of such data could enable the automatic extraction of
audience Behavior patterns.

Audience Behavior is useful for several reasons. First, it indicates what is of

interest to people, which is important for creating TV programs that attract viewers.
It’s also important in terms of advertising, because identifying patterns that lead to
higher ratings can help broadcasters obtain more sponsors.

2.2 Objectives

The main objectives of Audience Behavior Mining as follows.

 Easy to add contents

 New registration is done by admin and also user

 All details are stored

 Automatically give recommendation of contents

2.3 Motivation

Presently recommendation of contents are possible in a website, it only

recommend a particular content. An e-commerce website Like ‘Amazon’ it
recommend products only. Drawback of existing system is solved using the fastest
execution of Audience Behavior Mining.

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2.4 Methodology

Proposed “Audience Behavior Mining” is used to help users to get

recommendation of contents uploaded by the admin.

It uses two algorithms to get recommendation of contents.

1. Collaborative Filtering

2. Sentimental Analysis

Collaborative Filtering

 Collaborative filtering (CF) is a technique commonly used to build

personalized recommendations on the Web.

 It is a technique used by Recommender System.

 It is a method of making automatic predictions (filtering) about the interests of

a user by collecting preferences or taste information from many
users (collaborating).

Example: Let’s say Alice and Bob have similar interests in video games. Alice
recently played and enjoyed the game Prince of Persia. Bob has not played this
game, but because the system has learned that Alice and Bob have similar tastes, it
recommends this game to Bob.

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Sentimental Analysis
 Sentiment analysis also known as Opinion mining.
 It is a type of data mining that measures the inclination of people’s opinions
through natural language processing (NLP).
 Which are used to extract and analyze subjective information from the Web -
mostly social media and similar sources

2.5 Scope

This system can be helpful for users to get recommendation of contents. And it
help to recommend Movies or Videos, Programmes, News And Products in a single
website.

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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
AND SPECIFICATION

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3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICATION

3.1 Requirement Analysis/Literature Review

Requirement analysis results in the specification of operational characteristics

of software: indicates interface of software with other system elements and establishes
constrains the software must meet. Requirement analysis allows the software engineer
to elaborate on basic requirement established during earlier requirement engineering
tasks and build models that depict user scenarios, functional activities, problem classes
and their relationships, system and class behavior and flow of data as it is transformed.

3.2 Existing System

Presently recommendation of contents are possible in a website of a particular

content. An e-commerce website, Like ‘Amazon’ it recommend products only.
Drawback of existing is solved using the fastest execution of Audience Behavior
Mining.

3.3 Proposed System

Proposed System called “Audience Behavior Mining” is aimed at developing

website that easily help the users to get recommendation of contents uploaded by the
admin. After registering on this system, the user have the ability/permission to login into
this system and view the conents like movies or videos, programmes, news and products
and also have the permission for commenting and rate the contents.

3.4 Requirement Specification

3.4.1 Functional Requirements

In software engineering and system engineering, functional requirement

defines function of a system and its components. A function is described as a set of
inputs, the behavior and outputs.

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Functional requirements may be calculations, technical details, data

manipulation and processing and other specific functionality that define what a system is
supposed to accomplish. Behavioral requirements describing all the cases where the
system uses the functional requirements are captured in use cases. Functional
requirements are supported by non-functional requirements (also known as quality
requirements), which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such as
performance requirements, security, or reliability). Generally, functional requirements
are expressed in the form "system must do <requirement>", while non-functional
requirements are "system shall be <requirement>". The plan for implementing functional
requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing non-functional
requirements is detailed in the system architecture. As defined in requirements
engineering, functional requirements specify particular results of a system. This should
be contrasted with non-functional requirements which specify overall characteristics
such as cost and reliability. Functional requirements drive the application architecture of
a system, while non-functional requirements drive the technical architecture of a system.

In some cases a requirements analyst generates use cases after gathering and
validating a set of functional requirements. The hierarchy of functional requirements is:
user/stakeholder request → feature → use case → business rule. Each use case illustrates
behavioral scenarios through one or more functional requirements. Often, though, an
analyst will begin by eliciting a set of use cases, from which the analyst can derive the
functional requirements that must be implemented to allow a user to perform each use
case.

3.4.2 Non-Functional Requirements

In systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional

requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the
operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors. They are contrasted with functional
requirements that define specific behavior or functions. The plan for implementing
functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing

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non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture, because they are

usually Architecturally Significant Requirements. Broadly, functional requirements
define what a system is supposed to do and non-functional requirements define how a
system is supposed to be. Functional requirements are usually in the form of "system
shall do <requirement>", an individual action or part of the system, perhaps explicitly in
the sense of a mathematical function, a black box description input, output, process and
control functional model or IPO Model. In contrast, non-functional requirements are in
the form of "system shall be <requirement>", an overall property of the system as a
whole or of a particular aspect and not a specific function. The system's overall
properties commonly mark the difference between whether the development project has
succeeded or failed. Non-functional requirements are often called "quality attributes" of a
system. Other terms for non-functional requirements are "qualities", "quality goals",
"quality of service requirements", "constraints" and "non-behavioral requirements".
Informally these are sometimes called the "ilities", from attributes like stability and
portability. Qualities—that is non-functional requirements—can be divided into two
main categories: Execution qualities, such as safety, security and usability, which are
observable during operation (at run time). Evolution qualities, such as testability,
maintainability, extensibility and scalability, which are embodied in the static structure
of the system.

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3.4.3 Environmental Details

Hardware Requirements:

Processor : Intel Core i3

Memory : 2GB RAM or Higher

Software Requirements:

Operating System : Windows7 or higher

Software Tool : Adobe Dreamweaver

Front End : PHP

Back End : MYSQL

3.5 Feasibility Study

3.5.1 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility assesses the current resources (hardware and software)

and technologies, which are required to accomplish user requirements. It requires a
computer with Dreamweaver and XAMPP installed. Today every organization has
computer, so it is not an extra cost. Before the starting of the project, or in the
requirement phase we assign the needed hardware and software. After termination of
the project, we made a comparison between the assigned ones and actually needed
ones.

3.5.2 Economical Feasibility

Economic feasibility is the most frequently used method for evaluating the
effectiveness of proposed system. The procedures are to determine the benefits and
savings that are expected from this system is in time savings.

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The Audience Behavior Mining is economically feasible because this system uses less
expensive for processing various functions in this. Features of the system are the low
cost, time saving & scalability. Hence this system is economically feasible.

3.5.3 Operational feasibility

Operational feasibility assesses the extent to which required software performs

some simple steps for Audience Behaviour Mining.

3.6. hardware Software and Requirement Specification

Hardware Requirements:

Processor : Intel Core i3

Memory : 2GB RAM or Higher

Software Requirements:

Operating System : Windows7 or higher

Software Tool : Adobe Dreamweaver

Front End : PHP

Back End : MYSQL

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SYSTEM DESIGN

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4. SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Users of System

There are mainly two type of users.

1. Administrator :-
Here admin can add movies, programmes, news and products. And also
monitor users. This module handles the administrative functions of the system.
2. Users :-
Users can view all the contents uploaded by the admin and comment, rate
the contents.

4.2 Modularity criteria

The proposed system has following modules :

1. Content Uploading
2. News event analysis and detection
3. Comments
4. User add/delete
5. Monitor the user and its review
6. Recommendation of Contents

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4.3 Architecture Diagrams

4.3.1 Data Flow Diagrams

Level 0

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Level 1 Admin

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Level 1 User

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Level 2 User

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4.3.2 Use case diagram

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4.4 Database Design

4.4.1 List of entities and Attributes

Table no : 01 Table name: register

Description : To register users

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id int 10 Primary key

username varchar 20

password varchar 15

emailid varchar 20

phonenumber varchar 10

status varchar 10

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Table no : 02 Table name : login

Description : To login users

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id int 10 PRIMARY KEY

username varchar 20

password varchar 15

Table no : 03 Table name : movie

Description : To add movies

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

title Varchar 25

description Varchar 50

video_image Tinytext

video_link Varchar 25

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Table no : 04 Table name : movie_comments

Description : To add movie comments

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

Id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

video_id Int 10 FOREIGN KEY

user varchar 20

date Date

comments varchar 50

rate Int 10

Table no : 05 Table name : product

Description : To add product

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

product_name Varchar 25

description Varchar 50

product_image Tinytext

price Varchar 5

date date

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Table no : 06 Table name : product_comment

Description : To add product comments

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

product_id Int 10 FOREIGN KEY

user Varchar 20

date Date

comments Varchar 50

rate Int 10

Table no : 07 Table name : news

Description : To add news

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

news_name Varchar 25

description Varchar 50

news_image Tinytext

news_link Varchar 25

date date

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Table no : 08 Table name : news_comment

Description : To add news comments

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

news_id Int 10 FOREIGN KEY

user Varchar 20

date Date

comments Varchar 50

rate Int 10

Table no : 09 Table name : programme

Description : To add programmes

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

pgm_name Varchar 20

description Varchar 50

images Tinytext

category Varchar 20

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Table no : 10 Table name : programme_comment

Description : To add programme comments

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

pgm_epsid Varchar 10

user Varchar 20

date Date

comments Varchar 50

rate Int 10

Table no : 11 Table name : programme_eps

Description : To add programme episode wise

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

pgm_id Int 20 FOREIGN KEY

episode Varchar 20

episode_image Tinytext

episode_link Varchar 25

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Table no : 12 Table name : monitor_user

Description : To monitor users

FIELD NAME DATATYPE SIZE KEY

id Int 10 PRIMARY KEY

user Varchar 20

age Int 10

category Varchar 20

category_id Int 10

date Date

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4.4.2 ER Diagram

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IMPLEMENTATION AND
MAINTENANCE

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5. IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

5.1 brief description about tools/scripts for implementation

Adobe Dreamweaver
Adobe Dreamweaver is a web design and development application that
combines a visual design surface known as Live View and a code editor with standard
features such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and code collapsing as well as
more sophisticated features such as real-time syntax checking and code introspection for
generating code hints to assist the user in writing code. Combined with an array of site
management tools, Dreamweaver lets its users design, code and manage websites, as
well as mobile content. Dreamweaver is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
tool. You can live preview of changes for the frontend. Dreamweaver is positioned as a
versatile web design and development tool that enables visualization of web content
while coding. Dreamweaver, like other HTML editors, edits files locally then uploads
them to the remote web server using FTP, SFTP, or WebDAV. Dreamweaver CS4 now
supports the Subversion (SVN) version control system.

XAMPP Server
XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack
package developed by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server,
Maria DB database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming
Languages. XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), Maria DB (M), PHP (P)
and Perl (P). It is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it extremely easy
for developers to create a local web server for testing and deployment purposes.
Everything needed to set up a web server – server application (Apache), database (Maria
DB), and scripting language (PHP) – is included in an extractable file. XAMPP is also
cross-platform, which means it works equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows. Since
most actual web server deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it makes
transitioning from a local test server to a live server extremely easy as well.

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MySQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its

name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughte and
"SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development
project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public
License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and
sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by
Oracle Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer
additional functionality.

5.2 Module Hierarchy

1. Content Uploading
2. News event analysis and detection
3. Comments
4. User add/delete
5. Monitor the user and its review
6. Recommendation of Contents

5.3 Coding
Coding refers to creating computer programming code. In a more general
sense, the word coding is used to refer to assigning a code or classification to something.
Coding is the primary method for allowing intercommunication between humans and
machines. Early coding was done through physical punch cards and similar methods.As
digital computers were created, early programming languages like BASIC, FORTRAN
and COBOL were used, each with its own syntax and operators.

In the personal computer and Internet age, developers and computer

programmers typically produce code in modules that correspond to individual computing
tasks. These modules are put together in a collective framework or project, such as an
individual software application. Since these projects are usually more complex,
professionals have established many more conventions and strategies for computer coding
in order to make finished products more stable and functional.

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TESTING AND
IMPLEMENTATION

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6. TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 Test Plan

A test plan documents strategy that will be used to verify and ensure that a
product or system meets its design specification and other requirements. A test plan is
usually prepared by or with significant input from the engineer. This document describes
the plans for testing the architectural prototype of AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR MINING.
This project do the following

 Identifying existing project information and software that should be tested

 List the recommended test requirements(High level)

 Describe the test strategies

 Identify the required resources and provide an estimate of test efforts

 List the deliverable elements of test activities

6.2 Unit testing

In computer programming, unit testing is a software testing method by which

individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together
with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to
determine whether they are fit for use.

6.2.1 Test item(Test Cases)

 Unit Test Plan/Cases should be made a separate deliverable. It should not be

merged with other artifacts. Try to document all the probable test scenarios which
encompasses uncommon and alternative flows. Once a project moves into
construction phase, the developers have a tendency to catch only the success
situations or the situations which has been coded.
 Construction and Unit testing need to be made distinct phases and the deliverable
need to be scheduled accordingly.

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 If Construction and UT are scheduled as a single phase, Unit testing results need
to be made as a separate deliverable – This would help in filtering out any
mistakes in the business flows at a nascent stage instead of in the integration
testing or system testing which is more expensive.
 Make use of the count of test cases planned, executed, passed, and failed to
apprehend the progress and replicate Unit testing if required.
 5. Try to include on-the-fly test cases that are developed while executing a pre-
defined set of test cases.

6.3 Integration testing

Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated
I&T) is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined
and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before validation testing. Integration
testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger
aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and
delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing
 Detect data exchange format
 Module invocation sequence
 Navigability
 Flow of events

6.4 System testing

System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete,
integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements.
System testing falls within the scope of black-box testing, and as such, should require no
knowledge of the inner design o the code or logic. As a rule, system testing takes, as its
input, all of the "integrated" software components that have passed integration testing and
also the software system itself integrated with any applicable hardware system(s). The
purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the software units
that are integrated together (called assemblages) or between any of the assemblages and
the hardware

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6.5 Implementation and maintenance

In computer science, an implementation is a realization of a technical
specification or algorithm as a program, software component, or other computer system
through computer programming and deployment. Many implementations may exist for a
given specification or standard.
Software maintenance in software engineering is the modification of a software
product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes. A
common perception of maintenance is that it merely involves fixing defects. However,
one study indicated that over 80% of maintenance effort is used for non-corrective
actions. This perception is perpetuated by users submitting problem reports that in reality
are functionality enhancements to the system.[citation needed] More recent studies put
the bug-fixing proportion closer to 21%.

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CONCLUSION

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7. CONCLUSION

Proposed System called “Audience Behavior Mining” is aimed at developing

website that easily help the users to get recommendation of contents uploaded by the
admin. After registering on this system he only wants to login to this system and view the
conents like movies or videos, programmes, news and products and also have the
permission for commenting and rate the content. Presently recommendation of contents
are possible in a website of a particular content. Like ‘Amazon’ an e-commerce
website, it recommend only products only.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Rita Guimarães, Demóstenes Z. Rodríguez Department of Computer Science

Federal University of Lavras Minas Gerais, Brazil, “Recommendation System using
Sentiment Analysis considering the Polarity of the Adverb” 2016 IEEE International
Symposium on Consumer Electronics

[2]Renata L. Rosa, Graça Bressan Department of Computer and Digital Systems

Engineering University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil“Recommendation System using
Sentiment Analysis considering the Polarity of the Adverb” 2016 IEEE International
Symposium on Consumer Electronics

[3] F. Å. Nelsen, "A new anew: Evaluation of a word list for sentiment analysis in
microblogs," CoRR , 2011.

[4] M. Thelwall, K. Buckley, and G. Paltoglou, “Sentiment strength detection for the
social Web, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 163-173, 2012.

[5] R. L. Rosa, D. Z. Rodriguez and G. Bressan, "Music recommendation system based

on user's sentiments extracted from social networks," in IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 359-367,Aug. 2015.

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APPENDIX

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9. APPENDIX

9.1 Code

Login page (Admin and User)

<?php

if(isset($_POST['login']))

session_start();

$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","sentimental_analysis");

$email=$_POST['Username'];

$password=$_POST['Password'];

if($email=="admin"&&$password=="admin")

header("location:admin/dashboard/dashboard.php");

else

$query="select * FROM login where username='$email' and

password='$password'";

$res=mysqli_query($con,$query);

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$row1=mysqli_fetch_array($res);

$count=mysqli_num_rows($res);

if($count==1)

$_SESSION['user']=$email;

$_SESSION['user_name']=$email;

//$_SESSION['user']=$row1['id'];

$_SESSION['age']=$row1['age'];

header("location:index.php?b=1");

else

header("location:index.php?b=1&status=error");

?>

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User Registration

<?php

include("connection.php");

if(isset($_POST['register']))

//database connectivity

$query="INSERT INTO `register`(`username`, `password`, `emailid`,

`phonenumber`) VALUES
('$_POST[Username]','$_POST[Password]','$_POST[Email]','$_POS
T[Phone]')";

echo $query;

if(mysqli_query($con,$query))

header("location:series.php?b=2");

?>

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Insertion of Movie Contents

<?php

include("../connection.php");

include("table.php");

$result = mysqli_query($con,"SHOW FIELDS FROM $table");

$i = 0;

while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result))

// echo $row['Field'] . ' ' . $row['Type']."<br>";

$name=$row['Field'];

//echo $name."<br>";

$post_values[]=addslashes($_POST[$name]);

$field_name[]=$name;

$data_type[]=$row['Type'];

// echo $post_values[$i];

$i++;

$j=$i;

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//echo "<br>";

for($k=0;$k<$i;$k++)

if($fields=="")

$fields=$field_name[$k];

else

$fields=$fields.",".$field_name[$k];

$type=$data_type[$k];

//$data_type[$k];

$type = explode("(", $type);

$type_only=$type[0];

if($type_only=='tinytext')

$date=date("Y-m-d-h-i-s");

$target_path =
$target_path.$date.basename($_FILES[$field_name[$k]]['name']);

$target_path2 = $date.basename($_FILES[$field_name[$k]]['name']);

//echo $target_path;

move_uploaded_file($_FILES[$field_name[$k]]['tmp_name'],
$target_path);

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if($datas=="")

$datas="'".$target_path2."'";

//echo $field_name[$k];

else

$datas=$datas.",'".$target_path2."'";

//echo $field_name[$k];

else

if($datas=="")

$datas="'".$post_values[$k]."'";

else

$datas=$datas.",'".$post_values[$k]."'";

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//echo $datas;

if(mysqli_query($con,"INSERT INTO $table($fields) VALUES

($datas)") or die("error".mysql_error()))

header("location:form.php?a=sucess");

else

header("location:form.php?a=error");

?>

View Inserted Movies

<?php

include("table.php");

include("../header_inner.php");

$del_id=0;

$i=0;

?>

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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="datatables.min.css">

<script type="text/javascript" src="datatables.min.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">

$(document).ready(function() {

$('#example').DataTable();

} );

</script>

<style>

.hiddentd

display:inline-block;

width:180px;

white-space: nowrap;

overflow:hidden !important;

</style>

<div class="">

<?php

echo "<div class='col-sm-2' style='float:right;margin-

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bottom:10px;'><form action='form.php' method='post'><input

type='submit' name='view' value='Add New' class='form-control btn-
danger'></form></div>";

?>

<div class="clearfix"></div>

<table id="example" class="table table-striped table-bordered

dataTable no-footer" cellspacing="0" role="grid" aria-
describedby="example_info" >

<?php

include("../connection.php");

if(isset($_REQUEST['del_id']))

$del_id=$_REQUEST['del_id'];

mysqli_query($con,"delete from $table where id='$del_id'");

//if($del_id!="")

?>

<script>

function rem()

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if(confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this record?')){

return true;

else

return false;

function rem2()

if(confirm('Are you sure you want to deactive this record?')){

return true;

else

return false;

</script>

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<?php

$result2 = mysqli_query($con,"SHOW FIELDS FROM $table");

echo "<thead><tr>";

while ($row2 = mysqli_fetch_array($result2))

$name=$row2['Field'];

echo "<th>".

str_replace('_', ' ', $name)

."</th>";

$i++;

echo "

<th>Update</th>

<th>Delete</th>

</tr></thead>";

// $i=0;

echo "<tbody>";

$result = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM $table ");

while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result))

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$id=$row['0'];

echo "<tr>";

for($k=0;$k<$i;$k++)

if($k==30)

$sql2 = "select * from customer where id='$_SESSION[userid]' ";

$result2 = mysqli_query($con, $sql2) or die("Error in Selecting " .

mysqli_error($connection));

$row2 =mysqli_fetch_array($result2);

echo "<td > $row2[contact_person]</td>";

elseif($k==0)

$j++;

echo "<td class='active'> $j </td>";

elseif($k==31)

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echo "<td class='hiddentd'> $row[content] </td>";

elseif($k==3)

echo "<td > <img src='uploads/$row[$k]' width='100'></td>";

elseif($k==4)

echo "<td > <a href='$row[$k]' target='_blank'> $row[$k]</a></td>";

else

echo "<td >$row[$k]</td>";

echo "

<td><a href='update.php?id=$id'>Update</a></td>

<td><a href='?del_id=$id' onclick='return rem()'>Delete</a></td>

</tr>";

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?>

</tbody>

</table>

<script type="text/javascript">

// For demo to fit into DataTables site builder...

$('#example')

.removeClass( 'display' )

.addClass('table table-striped table-bordered');

</script>

<div class="clearfix"></div>

</div>

<?php

//include("../footer_inner.php");

?>

Add Movie comments and ratings

<?php

error_reporting(0);

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include("connection.php");

$result = mysql_query("select * from movie_comments group by

user") or die("jjjjj".mysql_error());

$data='array(';while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))

//echo "$row[user]<br>";

$result24 = mysql_query(("select * from movie_comments where

user='$row[user]'")) or die("jjjjj".mysql_error());

$data=$data.'"'.$row['user'].'" => array(';

while ($row24 = mysql_fetch_array($result24))

$data=$data.'"'.$row24['video_id'].'" => '.$row24['rate'].', ';

$books[$row['user']][$row24['video_id']]=$row24['rate'];

$data=substr("$data", 0, -2);

$data=$data.')';

?>

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Recommendation of Contents

<?php

class Recommend

public function similarityDistance($preferences, $person1, $person2)

$similar = array();

$sum = 0;

foreach($preferences[$person1] as $key=>$value)

if(array_key_exists($key, $preferences[$person2]))

$similar[$key] = 1;

if(count($similar) == 0)

return 0;

foreach($preferences[$person1] as $key=>$value)

if(array_key_exists($key, $preferences[$person2]))

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$sum = $sum + pow($value - $preferences[$person2][$key], 2);

return 1/(1 + sqrt($sum));

public function matchItems($preferences, $person)

$score = array();

foreach($preferences as $otherPerson=>$values)

if($otherPerson !== $person)

$sim = $this->similarityDistance($preferences, $person,

$otherPerson);

if($sim > 0)

$score[$otherPerson] = $sim;

array_multisort($score, SORT_DESC)

return $score;

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public function transformPreferences($preferences)

$result = array();

foreach($preferences as $otherPerson => $values)

foreach($values as $key => $value)

$result[$key][$otherPerson] = $value;

return $result;

public function getRecommendations($preferences, $person)

$total = array();

$simSums = array();

$ranks = array();

$sim = 0;

foreach($preferences as $otherPerson=>$values)

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if($otherPerson != $person)

$sim = $this->similarityDistance($preferences, $person,

$otherPerson);

if($sim > 0)

foreach($preferences[$otherPerson] as $key=>$value)

if(!array_key_exists($key, $preferences[$person]))

if(!array_key_exists($key, $total)) {

$total[$key] = 0;

$total[$key] += $preferences[$otherPerson][$key] * $sim;

if(!array_key_exists($key, $simSums)) {

$simSums[$key] = 0;

$simSums[$key] += $sim;

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foreach($total as $key=>$value)

$ranks[$key] = $value / $simSums[$key];

array_multisort($ranks, SORT_DESC);

return $ranks;

?>

Sentimental Analysis

<?php

require_once('SentimentAnalyzer.php');

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$sat = new SentimentAnalyzerTest(new SentimentAnalyzer());

$sat->trainAnalyzer('trainingSet/data.neg', 'negative', 5000); //training

with negative data

$sat->trainAnalyzer('trainingSet/data.pos', 'positive', 5000); //trainign

with positive data

$sentence1 = 'while the performances are often engaging , this loose

collection of largely improvised numbers would probably have
worked better as a one-hour tv documentary . ';

$sentence2 = 'edited and shot with a syncopated style mimicking the

work of his subjects , pray turns the idea of the documentary on its
head , making it rousing , invigorating fun lacking any mtv puffery . ';

$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence1 = $sat>analyzeSentence($sentence1);

$resultofAnalyzingSentence1 =
$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence1['sentiment'];

$probabilityofSentence1BeingPositive =
$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence1['accuracy']['positivity'];

$probabilityofSentence1BeingNegative =
$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence1['accuracy']['negativity'];

$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence2 = $sat-
>analyzeSentence($sentence2);

$resultofAnalyzingSentence2 =
$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence2['sentiment'];

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$probabilityofSentence2BeingPositive =
$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence2['accuracy']['positivity'];

$probabilityofSentence2BeingNegative =
$sentimentAnalysisOfSentence2['accuracy']['negativity'];

$documentLocation = 'trainingSet/review.txt';

$sentimentAnalysisOfDocument = $sat-
>analyzeDocument($documentLocation);

$resultofAnalyzingDocument =
$sentimentAnalysisOfDocument['sentiment'];

$probabilityofDocumentBeingPositive =
$sentimentAnalysisOfDocument['accuracy']['positivity'];

$probabilityofDocumentBeingNegative =
$sentimentAnalysisOfDocument['accuracy']['negativity'];

require_once('test/presentation.php');

?>

Sentimental Analysis

<div id="test">

<h3>Enter A Sentence Here To Determine If it Sounds Positive,

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Negative or Neutral</h3>

<form action = "#" method='post'>

<textarea id = 'sentence' name='sentence' placeholder='Enter

Text'/></textarea>

<input type = 'submit' name='submit' id='goSentence'/>

</form>

<div id="result">

<?php

if (isset($_POST['sentence']) || isset($_POST['location']))

$value = (isset($_POST['sentence'])) ? $_POST['sentence'] :

$_POST['location'];

$type = (isset($_POST['sentence'])) ? 'sentence' : 'location';

if ($type == 'sentence')

$result = $sat->analyzeSentence($value);

else

$result = $sat->analyzeDocument($value);

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else

$result = array('sentiment'=>null, 'accuracy'=>array('positivity'=>null,

'negativity'=>null));

if(isset($_POST['submit']))

$sen=$_POST['sentence'];

$pos=$result['accuracy']['positivity'];

$date=date("Y-m-d");

mysqli_query($con,"INSERT INTO
programme_comments(pgm_epsid,user_name,date,comments,rate)
VALUES
('$_REQUEST[id]','$_SESSION[user_name]','$date','$sen','$pos')");

?>

<p> Sentiment: <?php echo $result['sentiment']; ?></p>

<p> Prob. of Being Positive: <?php echo

$result['accuracy']['positivity']; ?></p>

<p> Prob. of Being Negative: <?php echo

$result['accuracy']['negativity']; ?></p>

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9.2 User Interface Design

Homepage

User Registration

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Login

Admin Panel

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Add Movie Contents

View Movie Contents

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Graph Showing User’s Activity

Programme Contents

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Product Contents

Movies

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News Contents

Sentimental Analysis

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Recommendation of Contents

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