Expansion joint - bellow

According to: Asme VIII Div. 2 Ed. 2019, 4.19 - US Customary Units
Calculation temperature T = 343.33 °C 650.00 °F
Material SA-240 321 - Plate
Corrosion allowance c = 0 mm 0 in
Longitudinal weld joint efficiency for tangent collar Cwc = 1.00000
Attachment type: External
Number of convolutions N = 12
Number of plies n = 1
Convolution pitch q = 25.40 mm 1.000 in
Convolution height w = 50.80 mm 2.000 in
End tangent length Lt = 31.75 mm 1.250 in
Collar length Lc = 0 mm 0 in
Nominal thickness of one ply t = 1.22 mm 0.048 in
Collar thickness tc = 0 mm 0 in
Inside diameter of bellows convolution and end tangents Db = Id + 2nc' = 1,219.20 mm 48.000 in
Mean diameter of bellows convolution Dm = Db+w+nt = 1,271.22 mm 50.048 in
Mean radius of U-shaped bellows convolution rm = 6.35 mm 0.250 in

Thickness of one ply corrected for thinning during forming = 1.19 mm 0.047 in

Axial displacement x1 = 114.30 mm 4.500 in

Lateral deflection y1 = 0 mm 0 in
Angular rotation θ1 = 0°
Poisson's ratio of the bellows material νb = 0.31
= 0.25000

= 0.29664

α0 Cf = 1.00648
α1 Cf = 2.10682
α2 Cf = -2.93374
α3 Cf = 5.72823
α4 Cf = -5.51211
α5 Cf = 2.07101
Stress coefficient = 1.41982
α0 Cd = 0.99952
α1 Cd = 1.22783
α2 Cd = 1.31003
α3 Cd = -3.44419
α4 Cd = 3.45696
α5 Cd = -1.19126
Stress coefficient = 1.34688
α0 Cp = 1.00003
α1 Cp = -0.58668

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 α2 Cp = -0.59166
α3 Cp = 0.71575
α4 Cp = 0.65782
α5 Cp = -0.64423
Stress coefficient = 0.82951

Internal pressure
Internal pressure Pi = 0.34 MPa 50.0 psi
Overpressure due to static head Ph = 0 MPa 0 psi
Calculation pressure P = Pi + Ph = 0.34 MPa 50.0 psi
Allowable stress of bellows material S = 123.42 MPa 17,900.0 psi
Modulus of elasticity of bellows material at design temperature Eb = 172,713.66 MPa 25,050,000.0 psi
Stress calculations
Factor considering the stiffening effect of the attachment weld
and the end convolution on the pressure capacity of the end = 0.54901
tangent
Cross sectional metal area of one
= 138.6 mm² 0.215 in²
convolution

Circumferential membrane stress in bellows tangent = 94.73 MPa 13,738.9 psi

Circumferential membrane stress in bellows, end

= 69.36 MPa 10,060.2 psi
convolutions
Circumferential membrane stress in bellows, intermediate convolutions = 40.15 MPa 5,823.3 psi
Forming method factor Kf = 1.0

Bellows forming strain = 0.12034

Yield strength multiplier Ysm = 2.00000

Km = 1.5·Ysm = 3.00000
Meridional membrane stress in bellows = 7.33 MPa 1,063.7 psi

Meridional bending stress in bellows = 258.82 MPa 37,539.1 psi

S1 ≤ S: Ok
S2,E ≤ S: Ok
S2,I ≤ S: Ok
S3+S4 ≤ Km·S: Ok
Column instability due to internal pressure
Bellows axial stiffness = 290.77 N/mm 1,660.33 lbf/in

Allowable internal design pressure to avoid column instability = 1.02 MPa 147.8 psi
P ≤ Psc: Ok

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In-plane instability due to internal pressure
Yield stress at design temperature Sy = 136.52 MPa 19,800.0 psi
Effective yield strength of the bellows material at the design
Sy* = 2.3 * Sy = 313.99 MPa 45,540.0 psi
temperature
= 2.14880

Allowable internal design pressure to avoid in-

= 0.35 MPa 51.2 psi
plane instability
P ≤ Psi: Ok
Torsional load
Torsional load Mz = 0 N·m 0 lbf·in

Shear stress due to torsional load or twist angle = 0 MPa 0 psi

τz ≤ 0.25S: Ok
Fatigue evaluation
Modulus of elasticity of bellows material at room temperature Eo = 195,121.62 MPa 28,300,000.0 psi
Axial displacement per convolution = 9.53 mm 0.375 in
Axial force applied to the ends of bellows = 33,235 N 7,471.48 lbf

Axial displacement per convolution = 0 mm 0 in

Lateral force applied to the ends of bellows = 0N 0 lbf

Moment applied to the end of bellows = 0 N·m 0 lbf·in

Axial displacement per convolution = 0 mm 0 in

Moment applied to the end of bellows = 0 N·m 0 lbf·in

Equivalent axial displacement per convolution - extended = 9.53 mm 0.375 in
Equivalent axial displacement per convolution - compressed = 9.53 mm 0.375 in
Total equivalent axial displacement range per convolution = 9.53 mm 0.375 in
Factor K0 K0 = 5,200,000.00000
Factor S0 S0 = 38,300.00000
Meridional membrane stress in bellows due to total equivalent axial
= 6.30 MPa 913.7 psi
displacement range
Meridional bending stress in bellows, due to total equivalent axial
= 941.86 MPa 136,605.6 psi
displacement range
Total stress range due to cyclic displacement = 1,134.47 MPa 164,541.3 psi
Fatigue strength reduction factor Kg = 1.00000
Specified number of fatigue cycles Nspe = 1,000

Allowable number of fatigue cycles = 1,241

Nalw ≥ Nspe: Ok
Maximum allowable pressures (at the top of the vessel)
New & cold = 0.50 MPa 72.8 psi
Hot & corroded = 0.35 MPa 51.2 psi

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 Hydrostatic test
Internal pressure Pi = 0.36 MPa 51.9 psi
Overpressure due to static head Ph = 0.01 MPa 1.7 psi
Calculation pressure P = Pi + Ph = 0.37 MPa 53.6 psi
Allowable stress of bellows material S = 196.50 MPa 28,500.0 psi
Modulus of elasticity of bellows material at design temperature Eb = 195,121.62 MPa 28,300,000.0 psi
Stress calculations
Factor considering the stiffening effect of the attachment weld
and the end convolution on the pressure capacity of the end = 0.54901
tangent
Cross sectional metal area of one
= 138.6 mm² 0.215 in²
convolution

Circumferential membrane stress in bellows tangent = 101.62 MPa 14,738.7 psi

Circumferential membrane stress in bellows, end

= 74.41 MPa 10,792.3 psi
convolutions
Circumferential membrane stress in bellows, intermediate convolutions = 43.07 MPa 6,247.0 psi
Forming method factor Kf = 1.0

Bellows forming strain = 0.12034

Yield strength multiplier Ysm = 2.00000

Km = 1.5·Ysm = 3.00000
Meridional membrane stress in bellows = 7.87 MPa 1,141.1 psi

Meridional bending stress in bellows = 277.66 MPa 40,270.8 psi

S1 ≤ S: Ok
S2,E ≤ S: Ok
S2,I ≤ S: Ok
S3+S4 ≤ Km·S: Ok
Column instability due to internal pressure
Bellows axial stiffness = 328.49 N/mm 1,875.74 lbf/in

Allowable internal design pressure to avoid column instability = 1.15 MPa 167.0 psi
P ≤ Psc: Ok
In-plane instability due to internal pressure
Yield stress at design temperature Sy = 206.84 MPa 30,000.0 psi
Effective yield strength of the bellows material at the design
Sy* = 2.3 * Sy = 475.74 MPa 69,000.0 psi
temperature
= 2.14880

Allowable internal design pressure to avoid in-

= 0.53 MPa 77.6 psi
plane instability
P ≤ Psi: Ok
Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)

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Internal pressure

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Expansion joint
Material: SA-240 321
Curve of fig. 3.7 / 3.8: None
Governing Thickness tg = 1.22 mm 0.048 in
PostWeld Heat Treatment: No
Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) = -48.33 °C -55.00 °F

Note: Material with a thickness of 2.5 mm (0.099 in.) and thinner

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