Lopez, Myca Angelique L.

PCEIT-09-701A

ME21 PROJECT DESIGN 1

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (HANDWRITTEN/TYPEWRITTEN)

1. WHAT IS RESEARCH AND IT IMPORTANCE?
Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a
new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This
could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and
creative outcomes.
Research is what propels humanity forward. It’s fueled by curiosity: we get curious, ask
questions, and immerse ourselves in discovering everything there is to know. Learning is
thriving. Without curiosity and research, progress would slow to a halt, and our lives as we
know them would be completely different.
2. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS THE CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH BY PURPOSE AND
METHOD.
Type of Research by Purpose
Basic Research
Basic research is mainly concerned with generalizations and the formulation of theory. It is
driven by curiosity or interest in a subject. The main motivation is to expand man’s knowledge,
not to create or invent something. Many scientists believe that basic research lays the
foundation for the applied research that follows.
Applied Research
It involves practical problems of the society. It can be argued that the goal of applied research is
to improve the human condition. An example of applied research could be a study to find out
how the school feeding program has affected school enrollment rates in drought-prone
districts.
Applied research is increasingly gaining favor as it helps to address the problems facing the
world today such as overpopulation, pollution, depletion of natural resources, drought, floods,
declining moral standards and disease. As Anderson, G. J. (1998) also felt that researchers in
this field try to find solutions to existing educational problems. The approach is much more
utilitarian as it strives to find information that will directly influence practice.
Action Research
It is a unique form of applied research and a reflective process of progressive problem solving.
It is also called “practitioner research” because of the involvement of the actual practitioner in
real life. Action implies that the practitioner is involved in the collection of data, analysis, and
the interpretation of results. He or she is also involved in implementing results of the research
and is thus well placed to judge the effectiveness of the interventions.
It is done simply by action, hence the name. It can also be undertaken by larger organizations or
institutions, assisted or guided by professional researchers, with the aim of improving their
strategies, practices, and knowledge of the environments within which they practice.
As (Reason & Bradbury, 2002) assessed that action research is an interactive inquiry process
that balances problem solving actions implemented in a collaborative context with data-driven
collaborative analysis or research to understand underlying causes enabling future predictions
about personal and organizational change.
Type of Research by Methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.

3. DISCUSS THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.

Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.
Both methods have distinctive properties and data collection methods.
Qualitative methods
Qualitative research is a method that collects data using conversational methods,
usually open-ended questions. The responses collected are essentially non-numerical. This
method helps a researcher understand what participants think and why they think in a
particular way.
Quantitative methods
Quantitative methods deal with numbers and measurable forms. It uses a systematic
way of investigating events or data. It answers questions to justify relationships with
measurable variables to either explain, predict, or control a phenomenon.

4. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS RESEARCH DESIGNS

Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher.
The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject
matter and set up their studies up for success.
The design of a research topic explains the type of research
(experimental, survey, correlational, semi-experimental, review) and also its sub-type
(experimental design, research problem, descriptive case-study). 
You can further break down the types of research design into five categories:
1. Descriptive research design: In a descriptive design, a researcher is solely interested in
describing the situation or case under their research study. It is a theory-based design method
which is created by gathering, analyzing, and presenting collected data. This allows a researcher
to provide insights into the why and how of research. Descriptive design helps others better
understand the need for the research. If the problem statement is not clear, you can conduct
exploratory research. 
2. Experimental research design: Experimental research establishes a relationship between the
cause and effect of a situation. It is a causal design where one observes the impact caused by
the independent variable on the dependent variable. For example, one monitors the influence
of an independent variable such as a price on a dependent variable such as customer
satisfaction or brand loyalty. It is a highly practical research method as it contributes to solving
a problem at hand. The independent variables are manipulated to monitor the change it has on
the dependent variable. It is often used in social sciences to observe human behavior by
analyzing two groups. Researchers can have participants change their actions and study how
the people around them react to gain a better understanding of social psychology.
3. Correlational research design: Correlational research is a non-experimental
research technique that helps researchers establish a relationship between two closely
connected variables. This type of research requires two different groups. There is no
assumption while evaluating a relationship between two different variables, and statistical
analysis techniques calculate the relationship between them.
A correlation coefficient determines the correlation between two variables, whose value ranges
between -1 and +1. If the correlation coefficient is towards +1, it indicates a positive
relationship between the variables and -1 means a negative relationship between the two
variables. 
4. Diagnostic research design: In diagnostic design, the researcher is looking to evaluate the
underlying cause of a specific topic or phenomenon. This method helps one learn more about
the factors that create troublesome situations. 
This design has three parts of the research:
· Inception of the issue
· Diagnosis of the issue
· Solution for the issue
5. Explanatory research design: Explanatory design uses a researcher’s ideas and thoughts on a
subject to further explore their theories. The research explains unexplored aspects of a subject
and details about what, how, and why of research questions.

5. DISCUSS THE DIFFERENT SECTION OF CHAPTER 1

A. INTRODUCTION
Introduction is the first paragraph of a written research paper, or the first thing you say in an
oral presentation, or the first thing people see, hear, or experience about your project. The
introduction gives the reader the beginning of the piece of thread so they can follow it.
B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework is the foundational theory that is used to provide a perspective upon
which the study is based. There are hundreds of theories in the literature.  For instance, if a
study in the social sciences is about stress that may be causing teachers to quit, Apple’s
Intensification Theory could be cited as the theory was that stress is cumulative and the result
of continuing overlapping, progressively stringent responsibilities for teachers that eventually
leads to the desire to quit. In the sciences, research about new species that may have evolved
from older, extinct species would be based on the theory of evolution pioneered by Darwin.

C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

D. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Problem statement in thesis indicates an issue that should be resolved. The researcher should
always specify the issue or challenge that he/she will be addressing when writing a problem
statement. Also, the researcher should try to describe the idealistic condition and describe
what problem is stoping the ideal success or situation from happening. Problem statement is
normally a situation demanding a solution, betterment, or modification; or disagreement
between the way things are and the way they suppose to be. The research must provide as low
as eight (8) references. At least 3 references must be on researchers who support the research.
E. HYPOTHESIS/ES
A research hypothesis is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive statement
about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property of a
population, such as presumed differences between groups on a particular variable or
relationships between variables. Specifying the research hypotheses is one of the most
important steps in planning a scientific quantitative research study.
 F. SCOPE / DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Almost every research has some limitations. Limitations of the study can exist due to
constraints on design of the study, and these limitations may impact the findings of the
researcher. Limitations of the study also entails definitions and concepts included and what is
not in the study, which respondents will not be involved. Variables - Which data will not be
collected/studied?
Scope of the study means all those things that will be captured in the study. It shows clearly the
degree of content that will be covered by the researcher to be able to come to a more
reasonable conclusions and give adequate answers to the research questions. Scope of the
study most often shows how far the study area has been explored and key factors the study will
be operating in. The type of information to be included in the scope of a research project would
include facts and theories. In determining scope of the study, the research question should be
used as a guide.
G. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Significance of the study should ascertain who will benefits from the study findings. The
significance of the study should be reflected on why should the survey be published and the
important contribution the study can make to the research field. Also it talks about the possible
benefits or implications of the study on future Research, Practice and Policy.
H. DEFINITION OF TERMS
The terms that have special meanings in the research are defined, citing authorities as may be
necessary, using the usual citation format. Especially in the social sciences, universities require
the use of the American Psychological Association or APA system of citation. Language research
uses the Modern Language Association or MLA system of citation.

6. HOW LITERATURE REVIEW DIFFER FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDIES

7. SAMPLES OF THEMATIC AND STUDY BY STUDY WRITING OF LITERATURE REVIEW
8. WHAT RESEARCH DESIGNS/METHODS ARE BEST FOR PROJECT DESIGN? DISCUSS.