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Anatomy Week 1

The document discusses the human body including its structure, function, and organization. It defines key anatomical terms and describes the different levels of structural organization in the body from chemical to tissues to organ systems. It also outlines the basic life functions and survival needs necessary for humans.

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Angelica Adlawan
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19 views

Anatomy Week 1

The document discusses the human body including its structure, function, and organization. It defines key anatomical terms and describes the different levels of structural organization in the body from chemical to tissues to organ systems. It also outlines the basic life functions and survival needs necessary for humans.

Uploaded by

Angelica Adlawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Human Body: An Developmental

Orientation
*eg. embryology – study changes
Chapter 1 that occur before birth

Objectives: Physiology
• Explain how structure *Focuses on events at cellular or
complements function
molecular level
• Name the levels of
*Chemical & physical principles
structural organization
Levels of Structural Organization
• List the functions necessary
for life *chemical  cellular  tissue 
• List the survival needs of organ  organ system 
the body organism

• Define homeostasis and


explain its significance

• Use correct anatomical


terms to describe the body

Anatomy: studies the structure of


body parts and their relationship to
one another

Physiology: the function of the


body parts

Complementarity of Structure &


Function

*What a structure can do depends on


Overview of Organ Systems
its specific form

*“Structure dictates function”

Subdivisions of Anatomy
Gross or Macroscopic

*parts visible to naked eye

*eg. regional, surface, systemic

Microscopic

*Cytology: study of cells

*Histology: study of tissues


Survival Needs

• Nutrients
• Oxygen
• Water
• Normal Body
Temperature (98.6F or
37C)
• Atmospheric Pressure
Homeostasis
• Maintain relatively stable
internal conditions

• Receptor (input)  control


center  effector
(response)

• Negative (-) feedback:


reduces effect of stimulus

▫ Eg. body temp,


breathing rate,
blood sugar levels
Necessary Life Functions for
Humans • Positive (+) feedback:
increases response
1. Maintaining boundaries
(inside vs. outside) ▫ Eg. labor
contractions, blood
2. Movement (internal & clotting
external)
• Diseases = homeostatic
3. Responsiveness: sense imbalance
changes and respond

4. Digestion: break down


foods for absorption

5. Metabolism: all chemical


reactions in body

6. Excretion: remove wastes

7. Reproduction: cell division,


whole organism

8. Growth: increase in
size/part
Terms you need to know:

• Superior (cranial) • Axial: main part of


body = head, neck, &
• Inferior (caudal)
trunk
• Ventral (anterior)
• Appendicular: limbs
• Dorsal (posterior) attached to axis
• Medial The body can be cut (sectioned)
along flat surfaces called planes
• Lateral
• Sagittal plane: divides into
• Intermediate right/left
• Proximal ▫ Median or
• Distal midsagittal (exactly
down middle)
• Superficial (external)
▫ Parasaggital
• Deep (internal)
• Frontal/coronal plane:
• Axial divides into
anterior/posterior
• Appendicular
• Transverse/horizontal
• Saggital plane plane: divides into
• Midsaggital/medi superior/inferior
The Language of Anatomy
an • Oblique: diagonal cuts
Anatomical Position between horizontal &
• Parasaggital
vertical
• Body erect, feet slightly apart,
palm face forward, thumbs
• Frontal (coronal) plane
pointing out • Transverse (horizontal)
plane
• Oblique section
Regional Terms
Thigh

• Dorsal body cavity:

▫ Cranial cavity

▫ Vertebral/spinal
cavity

Heart • Ventral body cavity

▫ Thoracic

 lungs, heart,
trachea,
esophagus

▫ Abdominopelvic
Which plane is shown Lungs  digestive,
below? reproductive
, urinary

Kidney

Head

Body Cavities:

Brain
Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Membranes
Serosa: lines ventral body cavity &
outer surfaces of organs

▫ Parietal serosa –
lines cavity wall

▫ Visceral serosa –
folds in; covers
organs in cavity

Serous fluid: lubricates space


between membranes

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