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Experiment No 3. Ocn

The document discusses calculating the overall signal attenuation of an optical fiber. It defines signal attenuation as the reduction of signal strength that can occur during transmission. It then describes different types of attenuation and discusses attenuation in optical fibers specifically. The procedure uses Python code to calculate the overall and per kilometer attenuation given the input and output optical powers and fiber length. The output displays the results.

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shivani more
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102 views

Experiment No 3. Ocn

The document discusses calculating the overall signal attenuation of an optical fiber. It defines signal attenuation as the reduction of signal strength that can occur during transmission. It then describes different types of attenuation and discusses attenuation in optical fibers specifically. The procedure uses Python code to calculate the overall and per kilometer attenuation given the input and output optical powers and fiber length. The output displays the results.

Uploaded by

shivani more
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Shivani Suresh More

Ex 3 :To Find The Overall Signal Attenuation Of A Optical Fiber.

Date:15/09/2021
Aim: To Find The Overall Signal Attenuation Of A Optical Fiber.

Software Tool:Windows Notepad is a simple text editor for Microsoft Windows and a basic text-
editing program which enables computer users to create documents Using Notepad and the Python
interpreter,write Python programs and execute them.

THEORY :-

Attenuation meaning is the reduction of signal strength and it can occur in any kind of signal like
analog otherwise digital. In some cases, it can be called attenuation loss; because this is a
normal effect of a signal while transmitting over long distances. In some cables like conventional
or FOCs (fiber optic cables), this can be identified in terms DBs (decibels) for each foot, kilometer,
or thousand foot, etc. The cable efficiency is high when the attenuation for each unit distance is
less.

Fig 1:attenuation-in-signals

Different Types
There are different types of attenuations which include deliberate, automatic, and
environmental.

Deliberate
This kind of attenuation can happen wherever a volume control can be used to reduce the level
of sound over consumer electronics.
Automatic
This kind of attenuation is used to stop the distortion of sound in audio equipment and TVs by
detecting automatic level to activate attenuation circuits.

Environmental
This kind of attenuation relates to loss of signal power because of the transmission medium,
whether that can be connected to copper wire, fiber optic or wireless.

Attenuation in Optical Fiber

Attenuation can occur to any kind of signal like fiber, copper, satellite, fiber, etc. In the Fiber
signal, it travels on HF (high-frequency) wavelength light which can be protected by glass tubes.
When light is opposed to noise sources such as RFs, electricity, the attenuation rate of fiber
connections has extremely low.

The proper functioning of optical data link mainly depends on the light which is changed t reach
the receiver by sufficient power to be de-modulated properly. This is the drop within the light
signal power while it is transmitted. This can be occurred due to some passive media components
which include connectors, splices of cables, and cables.

Fig 2:attenuation-in-optical-fiber

Even though this is considerably lower for this cable when compared with other media. In fiber
optic, the transmission can be done in two modes like single-mode and multi-mode. But,
attenuation can occur in both the transmission modes. So this can be avoided by maintaining
enough light in an optical data link.
Attenuation Coefficient
The attenuation coefficient of FOC (fiber optic cable) is one of the most significant parameters.
In a huge amount, the distance of relay can be decided within the optical transmission.

The attenuation coefficient of fiber can be 0.36dB/km in wavelength of 1310nm as well as


0.22dB/km in wavelength of 1550nm.
Attenuation Measurement

Generally, the amount of attenuation can be expressed in dB (decibels) units.

If the signal power ‘Ps’ at the source of a circuit & the signal power ‘Pd’ is at the destination,
followed by Ps is greater than Pd. The power attenuation ‘Ap’ in dB can be denoted by using the
following attenuation formula.

Ap = 10 log10 * (Ps/Pd)

Attenuation in terms of voltage can also be expressed. If the voltage attenuation is ‘Av’ in dB,
source signal voltage is ‘Vs’ & the destination signal voltage ‘Vd’ then the equation will be

Av = 20 log10 * (Vs/Vd)

Thus, this is all about an overview of attenuation in fiber optic cable. It is a reduction of signal
potency and can be calculated in dB. It reduces the maximum speed connections accessible
because of the requirement of numerous recur transmissions.
The Example of Optical Fiber is shown below
PROCEDURE :-

1. Notepad is open.

2. Program is written and run.

3. Output is observed.

This program is written in python and run with the help of python-3.9.7-amd64 compiler and text editor
notepad (Download Notepad For Windows 10 - Best Software & Apps).The following code is used for
calculating Acceptance angle of Meridional Rays with Skew Rays using Python.
PROGRAM :-

import math #Given data

Pi=120; #uW - INPUT OPTICAL POWER

Po=3; #uW - OUTPUT OPTICAL POWER

L=8; #km - FIBER LENGTH

#(a)Overall signal attenuation

Alpha_dB_L=10*math.log10(Pi/Po);

#(b)Signal attenuation per kilometer

Alpha_dB=Alpha_dB_L/L;

#(c)Overall signal attenuation for 10 km optical link with splices

A=Alpha_dB*10+9;

#(d)Numerical Input/Output power ratio

Pi_by_Po=10**(round(A)/10);

#Displaying the Results in Command Window

print("(a)Overall signal attenuation is %1.0f dB.",Alpha_dB_L);

print("(b)Signal attenuation per kilometer is %1.0f dB/km.",Alpha_dB);

print("(c)Overall signal attenuation for 10 km optical link with splices is %1.0f dB.",A);

print("(d)Numerical Input/Output power ratio is %0.1f.",Pi_by_Po);

OUTPUT :- The Output for the above Program is shown in Fig 3

Fig3 : Output

CONCLUSION :- Hence, we conclude that we have successfully calculated overall Signal


attenuation of a optical fiber and observed that the overall Signal attenuation.

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