6 Normal Probability Distributions

Normal Probability
Distributions
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

The Standard Normal Distribution
• It is sometimes called as the Gaussian Distribution
or the NORMAL CURVE
• Its graph is the bell-shaped curve down below the
normal curve.
z
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
• The number of standard units z for an observation x

from a probability distribution is defined by:
x −μ Where:
z= x = value of the distribution
s μ = average of the distribution
x
s = sd of the distribution

The Standard Normal Distribution
If each data value of a normally distributed random
variable x is transformed into a z-score, the result will
be the standard normal distribution.
The area that falls in the interval under
the nonstandard normal curve (the x-
values) is the same as the area under the
standard normal curve (within the
corresponding z-boundaries).
z
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
After the formula is used to transform an x-value into

a z-score, the Standard Normal Table is used to find
the cumulative area under the curve.

The Standard Normal Table
Properties of the Standard Normal Distribution
1. The cumulative area is close to 0, for z-scores close to
z = −3.49.
2. The cumulative area increases as the z-scores increase.
3. The cumulative area for z = 0 is 0.5000.
4. The cumulative area is close to 1, for z-scores close to
z = 3.49
Area is close to 0. Area is close to 1.

z
z = −3.49
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 z = 3.49
z=0
Area is 0.5000.

The Standard Normal Table
Example:
Find the cumulative area that corresponds to a z-score
of 2.71.
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4956 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4961 .4962 .4963 .4964
2.7 .4965 .4966 .4967 .4968 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
2.8 .4974 .4975 .4976 .4977 .4977 .4978 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981
Find the area by finding 2.7 in the left hand column, and then
moving across the row to the column under 0.01.
The area of z = 2.71 is 0.4966.
1) Find the area under the normal curve of z = 2.59.
E (or from z = 0 to z = 2.59).
X Answer: A = 0.4942
A
M
P
L
E 0 z=2.59

E 2) Find the area under the normal curve of z = -2.47.
(or from z = -2.47 to z = 0).
X Answer: A = 0.4932
A
M
P
L
E z=-2.47 0

3) Find the area under the normal curve between
E z = -0.75 to z = 1.50. (or -0.75 < z < 1.50).
X
A
M
P
-0.75 1.5
Answer: A
0.75 = 0.2734 A = A0.75 + A1.50
L A1.50 = 0.4332 A = 0.2734 + 0.4332
E A = 0.7066

4) Determine the area of z to the left of 1.85.
E (or from z < 1.85).
X
A
M
P
1.85
Answer: A
1.85 = 0.4678
L A = A1.85 + 0.5
E
A = 0.4678 + 0.5
A = 0.9678

5) Determine the area of z to the right of -2.31.
E (or from z > -2.31).
X
A
M
P
-2.31
Answer: A
2.31 = 0.4896
L A = A2.31 + 0.5
E
A = 0.4896 + 0.5
A = 0.9896

6) Determine the area of z to the left of -2.79.
E (or z < -2.79).
X
A
M
P
-2.79
Answer: A
2.79 = 0.4974
L A = 0.5 – A2.79
E
A = 0.5 - 0.4974
A = 0.0026

7) Determine the area of z to the right of 1.28.
E (or z > 1.28).
X
A
M
P
1.28
Answer: A
1.28 = 0.3997
L A = 0.5 – A1.28
E
A = 0.5 - 0.3997
A = 0.1003

8) Determine the area between z = -2.50 to -1.0.
E (or -2.50 < z < -1.0).
X
A
M
P
-2.5 -1.0
Answer: A
2.50 = 0.4938 A1.0 = 0.3413
L A = A2.50 – A1.0
E
A = 0.4938 - 0.3413
A = 0.1525

Determine the area between z = 0.7 to z = 1.66.
E (or 0.7 < z < 1.66).
X
A
M 0.7 1.66
P Answer: A = 0.2580 A
0.7 1.66 = 0.4515
L
A = A1.66 – A0.7
A = 0.4515 - 0.2580
E A = 0.1935

A 1) A certain type of radio tubes last on the average
of 2 years with a standard deviation of 0.4 years.
P Assuming that the radio tubes are normally
P distributed , find the probability that a given
battery will last less than 1.5 years?
L Given: Solution: To find the probability:
I μ =2 z=
1.5 − 2 z < -1.25
C s = 0.4
0.4
A1.25 = 0.3944
A x = 1.5
z = -1.25 A = 0.5 – A1.25
T Formula: A = 0.5 - 0.3944
I x −μ 10.56% A = 0.1056
z=
O s
N Thus, the probability that a given battery will
last less than 1.5 years is 10.56%.

E
z < -1.25
X
A
M
P
-1.25
A1.25 = 0.3944
L A = 0.5 – A1.25

2) 200 college freshmen have their grades in the
A normal distribution with a mean of 2.2 and a
P standard deviation of 0.6. How many of these
freshmen have their grades between 2.0 and 2.5
P inclusive?
L Given: Solution:
I μ = 2.2 x1 = 2.0 x2 = 2.5 A = A0.33 + A0.5
C
2.0 − 2.2 2.5 − 2.2 A = 0.1293 + 0.1915
s = 0.6 z1 = z2 =
0.6 0.6
A x1 = 2.0 z1 = −0.33 z2 = 0.5 A = 0.3208
T x2 = 2.5
I Formula: A = 0.3208(200) = 64 freshmen students
O z=
x −μ Thus, there are 64 freshmen students who
N s received grades between 2.0 to 2.5
inclusive.

E Area between z = -0.33 and z = 0.5
X
A
M 0.5
P
-0.33
L
A = A0.33 + A0.5

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Normal Probability

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

• The number of standard units z for an observation x

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

After the formula is used to transform an x-value into

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Area is close to 0. Area is close to 1.

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

L A1.50 = 0.4332 A = 0.2734 + 0.4332

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

T Formula: A = 0.5 - 0.3944

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

A x1 = 2.0 z1 = −0.33 z2 = 0.5 A = 0.3208

I Formula: A = 0.3208(200) = 64 freshmen students

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

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