Astm B 88-02
Astm B 88-02
Astm B 88-02
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
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and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
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and Tube. Discontinued, see 1982 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 11. Replaced by
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally Practice E 883.
published as B 88 – 32 T. Last previous edition B 88 – 99e1. 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 7
The UNS system for copper and copper alloys (see Practice E 527) is a simple Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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expansion of the former standard designation system accomplished by the addition Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
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of a prefix “C” and a suffix “00.” The suffix is permitted to be used to accommodate Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
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composition variations of the base alloy. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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B 88 – 02
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)11 3.1.3 tube, seamless, n—a tube produced with a continuous
2.3 ASME Standards: periphery in all stages of the operations.
ASME B16.18 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure 3.1.3.1 tube, copper service, n—a bendable copper water
Fittings12 tube for underground water service.
ASME B16.22 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder 3.1.3.2 tube, copper water, n—a seamless copper tube
Joint Pressure Fittings12 conforming to the particular dimensions commercially known
as Copper Water Tube and designated as Types K, L, and M.
3. Terminology
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1 Definitions: 3.2.1 capable of—the test need not be performed by the
3.1.1 coil, n—a length of the product wound into a series of producer of the material. However, if subsequent testing by the
connected turns. The unqualified term “coil” as applied to tube purchaser establishes that the material does not meet these
usually refers to a bunched coil. requirements, the material shall be subject to rejection.
3.1.1.1 bunched, n—a coil in which the turns are bunched
and held together such that the cross section of the bunched 4. Ordering Information
turns is approximately circular. 4.1 Include the following information for material ordered
3.1.1.2 double layer flat, n—a coil in which the product is under this specification.
spirally wound into two connected disk-like layers such that 4.1.1 Nominal or standard size (Column 1 of Table 1) and
one layer is on top of the other. (Sometimes called “double whether Type K, L, or M (Sections 3 and 11),
layer pancake coil” or “double layer spirally wound coil.”) 4.1.2 Temper (Sections 5 and 8),
3.1.1.3 level or traverse wound, n—a coil in which the turns 4.1.3 Whether tension tests and grain size determinations
are wound into layers parallel to the axis of the coil such that are required (Section 8),
successive turns in a given layer are next to one another. 4.1.4 Length (see 11.5),
(Sometimes called “helical coil.”) 4.1.5 How furnished: straight or coils, and
3.1.1.4 single layer flat, n—a coil in which the product is 4.1.6 Quantity (pieces) of each size and type.
spirally wound into a single disk-like layer. (Sometimes called 4.2 In addition, when material is purchased for agencies of
“pancake coil” or “single layer spirally wound coil.”) the U.S. Government, it shall conform to the Supplementary
3.1.2 lengths, n—straight pieces of the product. Requirements as defined herein when specified in the contract
3.1.2.1 standard, n—uniform lengths recommended in a or purchase order.
simplified practice recommendation or established as a com-
mercial standard. 5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that the
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. finished product shall have the properties and characteristics
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Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME prescribed in this specification, and shall be cold drawn to size.
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
5.2 The tube shall be finished by such cold-working and
TABLE 1 Dimensions, Weights, and Tolerances in Diameter and Wall Thickness for Nominal or Standard Copper Water Tube Sizes
(All tolerances are plus and minus except as otherwise indicated)
Average Outside Wall Thickness and Tolerances, in.
Nominal or Outside Theoretical Weight, lb/ft
DiameterA Tolerance, in. Type K Type L Type M
Standard Size, Diameter,
in. in. Wall Toler- Wall Toler- Wall Toler-
Annealed Drawn Type K Type L Type M
Thickness anceB Thickness anceB Thickness anceB
C C C
⁄
14 0.375 0.002 0.001 0.035 0.0035 0.030 0.003 0.145 0.126
⁄
38 0.500 0.0025 0.001 0.049 0.005 0.035 0.004 0.025 0.002 0.269 0.198 0.145
1⁄2 0.625 0.0025 0.001 0.049 0.005 0.040 0.004 0.028 0.003 0.344 0.285 0.204
5⁄8 C C C
0.750 0.0025 0.001 0.049 0.005 0.042 0.004 0.418 0.362
3⁄4 0.875 0.003 0.001 0.065 0.006 0.045 0.004 0.032 0.003 0.641 0.455 0.328
1 1.125 0.0035 0.0015 0.065 0.006 0.050 0.005 0.035 0.004 0.839 0.655 0.465
11⁄4 1.375 0.004 0.0015 0.065 0.006 0.055 0.006 0.042 0.004 1.04 0.884 0.682
11⁄2 1.625 0.0045 0.002 0.072 0.007 0.060 0.006 0.049 0.005 1.36 1.14 0.940
2 2.125 0.005 0.002 0.083 0.008 0.070 0.007 0.058 0.006 2.06 1.75 1.46
21⁄2 2.625 0.005 0.002 0.095 0.010 0.080 0.008 0.065 0.006 2.93 2.48 2.03
3 3.125 0.005 0.002 0.109 0.011 0.090 0.009 0.072 0.007 4.00 3.33 2.68
31⁄2 3.625 0.005 0.002 0.120 0.012 0.100 0.010 0.083 0.008 5.12 4.29 3.58
4 4.125 0.005 0.002 0.134 0.013 0.110 0.011 0.095 0.010 6.51 5.38 4.66
5 5.125 0.005 0.002 0.160 0.016 0.125 0.012 0.109 0.011 9.67 7.61 6.66
6 6.125 0.005 0.002 0.192 0.019 0.140 0.014 0.122 0.012 13.9 10.2 8.92
8 8.125 0.006 + 0.002 0.271 0.027 0.200 0.020 0.170 0.017 25.9 19.3 16.5
−0.004
10 10.125 0.008 + 0.002 0.338 0.034 0.250 0.025 0.212 0.021 40.3 30.1 25.6
−0.006
12 12.125 0.008 + 0.002 0.405 0.040 0.280 0.028 0.254 0.025 57.8 40.4 36.7
−0.006
A
The average outside diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameter, as determined at any one cross section of the tube.
B
Maximum deviation at any one point.
C
Indicates that the material is not generally available or that no tolerance has been established.
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B 88 – 02
annealing operations as are necessary to produce the required 9.2 As an alternative to the expansion test for tube standard
temper and surface finish. sizes 4 in. and over in the annealed condition, a section 4 in. in
5.3 Tube when furnished in coils shall be annealed after length shall be cut from the end of one of the lengths for a
coiling. flattening test. This 4-in. test specimen shall be flattened so that
5.4 Tube when furnished in straight lengths shall normally a gage set at three times the wall thickness will pass over the
be in the drawn temper. Upon agreement between the manu- tube freely throughout the flattened part. The tube so tested
facturer or supplier and the purchaser, the manufacturer shall shall develop no cracks or flaws visible to the unaided eye as
have the option to supply annealed straight length tubing. a result of this test. In making the flattening test the elements
shall be slowly flattened by one stroke of the press.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The material shall conform to the following chemical 10. Nondestructive Testing
requirements for Copper UNS No. C12200: 10.1 Each tube up to and including 31⁄8 in. in outside
Copper (incl silver), min, % 99.9 diameter shall be subjected to an eddy-current test. Testing
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Phosphorus, max, % 0.015–0.040 shall follow the procedures of Practice E 243, except for the
6.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presence determination of “end effect.” Tubes shall be passed through an
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of other elements. When included in the contract or purchase eddy-current test unit adjusted to provide information on the
order, and agreed upon by the manufacturer or supplier and the suitability of the tube for the intended application.
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purchaser, limits shall be established and analysis required for 10.1.1 Notch-depth standards, rounded to the nearest 0.001
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unnamed elements. in., shall be 22 % of the wall thickness. The notch-depth
tolerance shall be plus and minus 0.0005 in. Alternatively, at
7. Temper the option of the manufacturer using speed insensitive eddy-
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7.1 Seamless copper water tube shall be furnished in the current units that are equipped to select a fraction of the
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tempers designated below. Current designations as defined in maximum unbalance signal, the following percent maximum
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Classification B 601 are shown. unbalance signals shall be used:
Annealed—O Nominal or Standard Unbalance Signal
Tube Size, in. Magnitude, max %
Drawn—H
Up to 3⁄8, incl 0.2
8. Mechanical Properties 1⁄2 to 2, incl 0.3
Over 2 to 3, incl 0.4
8.1 The tube shall conform to the mechanical property
requirements prescribed in Table 2. Tension tests and grainsize
determinations need not be made except when indicated by the 10.1.2 Tubes that do not actuate the signalling device of the
purchaser at the time of placing the order. A convenient method eddy-current testers shall be considered as conforming to the
of indicating that these tests are to be made is to state that “Test requirements of this test. Tubes with discontinuities indicated
Procedure ’T’ is required” (see 4.1.3). Where agreement on the by the testing unit shall, at the option of the manufacturer, be
Rockwell hardness tests cannot be reached, the tensile strength reexamined or retested to determine whether the discontinuity
and grain-size requirements of Table 2 shall be the basis for is cause for rejection. Signals that are found to have been
acceptance or rejection. caused by minor mechanical damage, soil or moisture, shall not
be cause for rejection of the tubes provided the tube dimen-
9. Expansion Test
sions are still within prescribed limits and the tube is suitable
9.1 The annealed (O) tube shall be capable of being ex- for its intended application.
panded in accordance with Test Method B 153 with an expan- 10.2 Tube made to this specification shall be capable of
sion of the outside diameter in the following amount: withstanding the pressure test of 10.2.1 or 10.2.2. On subse-
Nominal or Expansion of quent testing by the purchaser, failure to meet the requirements
Standard Size, in. Outside Diameter, %
of 10.2.1 or 10.2.2 are grounds for rejection of the material by
58⁄ and under 40 the purchaser.
Over 5⁄8 30
10.2.1 The tube shall stand, without showing evidence of
The expanded tube shall show no cracking or rupture visible leakage, an internal hydrostatic pressure sufficient to subject
to the unaided eye. the material to a fiber stress of 6000 psi, calculated from the
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B 88 – 02
following equation for thin hollow cylinders under tension: TABLE 4 Standard Lengths and Tolerances
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11.3 Mass—For purposes of calculating weights, cross sec- with 13.1 and combined into one composite sample. The
tions, and so forth, the density of the copper shall be taken as minimum weight of the composite sample that is to be divided
0.323 lb/in.3. The theoretical weight per foot is given in Table into three equal parts shall be 150 g.
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1. 14.1.1 Instead of sampling in accordance with Practice
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11.4 Roundness—For drawn unannealed tube in straight E 55, the manufacturer shall have the option of determining
lengths, the roundness tolerance shall be as prescribed in Table conformance to chemical composition as follows: Conform-
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3. The deviation from roundness is measured as the difference ance shall be determined by the manufacturer by analyzing
between major and minor diameters as determined at any one samples taken at the time the castings are poured or samples
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cross section of the tube. No roundness tolerance has been taken from the semifinished product. If the manufacturer
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established for annealed tube in straight lengths or for tubes determines the chemical composition of the material during the
course of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample and
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furnished in coils.
11.5 Lengths and Tolerances: analyze the finished product. The number of samples taken for
11.5.1 Standard Lengths and Tolerances—The standard determination of chemical composition shall be as follows:
lengths and tolerances shall be as specified in Table 4. 14.1.1.1 When samples are taken at the time the castings are
11.5.2 Tube supplied in other than standard lengths and poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of
tolerances shall be in accordance with requirements established castings poured simultaneously from the same source of
by agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and the molten metal.
purchaser. 14.1.1.2 When samples are taken from the semifinished
11.6 Squareness of Cut—For tube in straight lengths, the product, a sample shall be taken to represent each 10 000 lbs
departure from squareness of the end of any tube shall not or fraction thereof, except that not more than one sample shall
exceed more than 0.010 in. for tube up to and including 1⁄2-in. be required per piece.
standard size; and not more than 0.016 in./in. of outside 14.1.1.3 Because of the discontinuous nature of the process-
diameter for tube larger than 1⁄2-in. standard size. ing of castings into wrought products, it is not practical to
identify specific casting analysis with a specific quantity of
12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
finished material.
12.1 The material shall be clean, free of dirt and defects of 14.1.1.4 In the event that heat identification or traceability is
a nature that interfere with normal commercial applications. required, the purchaser shall specify the details desired.
13. Sampling
TABLE 5 Sampling Schedule
13.1 Sample pieces shall be selected for test purposes from
Number of Pieces
Number of Sample Pieces to be TakenA
TABLE 3 Roundness Tolerance in Lot
Roundness Tolerance % of Outside 1 to 50 1
t/D (Ratio of Wall Thickness to
Diameter (Expressed to Nearest 0.001 51 to 200 2
Outside Diameter)
in.) 201 to 1500 3
Over 1500 0.2 % of total number of pieces in
0.01 to 0.03, incl 1.5
the lot but not more than 10 sam-
Over 0.03 to 0.05, incl 1.0
ple pieces
Over 0.05 to 0.10, incl 0.8
A
Each sample piece shall be taken from a separate tube.
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14.2 Mechanical Tests—For the mechanical tests, a speci- 15.4 Tension test results on material covered by this speci-
men shall be taken from each of the sample pieces selected in fication are not seriously affected by variations in speed of
accordance with 13.1. The required mechanical test shall be testing. It is not prohibited to use a considerable range of
made on each of the specimens so selected. The value for the testing speeds; however, the rate of stressing to the yield
Rockwell hardness number of each specimen shall be estab- strength shall not exceed 100 ksi/min. Above the yield strength,
lished by taking the arithmetical average of at least three the movement per minute of the testing machine head under
readings. load shall not exceed 0.5 in./in. of gage length (or distance
14.3 In the case of tube furnished in coils, a length sufficient between grips for full-section specimens).
for all necessary tests shall be cut from each coil selected for 15.5 The surface of the test specimen for microscopical
the purpose of tests. The remaining portion of these coils shall examination shall approximate a radial longitudinal section of
be included in the shipment, and the permissible variations in the tube.
length of such coils shall be waived.
14.4 Retests: 16. Significance of Numerical Limits
14.4.1 If any test specimen shows defective machining or 16.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the
develops flaws, it shall be discarded and another specimen specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in
substituted. Table 7, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded
14.4.2 If the results of any test made to determine the as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of
mechanical properties fail to meet the specified requirements, Practice E 29.
two additional specimens shall be taken from different sample
pieces and tested. The results of the tests on both of these 17. Inspection
specimens shall meet the specified requirements. Failure of 17.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-
more than one specimen to meet the specified requirements for ing the purchaser, all reasonable facilities, without charge, to
a particular property shall be the cause for rejection of the satisfy him that the tubes are being furnished in accordance
entire lot. with the specified requirements.
14.4.3 If the chemical analysis fails to conform to the
specified limits, analysis shall be made on a new composite 18. Rejection and Rehearing
sample prepared from additional pieces selected in accordance 18.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
with 13.1. The results of this retest shall comply with the this specification is subject to rejection at the option of the
specified requirements. purchaser. Rejection shall be reported to the manufacturer or
15. Test Methods supplier promptly and in writing. When requested by the
manufacturer or supplier, a rehearing shall be granted.
15.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall, in
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hazards of transportation.
specimen. Use test specimens conforming to type No. 1 of Fig.
19.2 Each shipping unit shall be legibly marked with the
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B 88 – 02
19.3 Product Identification: and the country of origin. The manufacturer has the option to
19.3.1 The name or trademark of the manufacturer and the include other information.
mark indicative of the type shall be permanently (incised) 19.3.2 Colors used are: green for Type K, blue for Type L,
marked on each tube at intervals not greater than 11⁄2ft. Tube in and red for Type M. Such color marking is not applicable to
straight lengths shall be further identified throughout its length tube furnished in annealed straight lengths or coils.
by means of a continuous colored stripe, symbol, or logo not
less than 3⁄16 in. in height, including a legend repeated at 20. Keywords
intervals not greater than 3 ft. The legend shall include the type
of the tube, name or trademark of the manufacturer, or both, 20.1 copper tube; seamless; water tube
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, or order for agencies of the U. S. Government.
S1. Referenced Documents requirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the time
S1.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date the order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right to
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the perform any of the inspections or tests set forth when such
extent referenced herein: inspections and tests are deemed necessary to assure that the
S1.1.1 Federal Standards:13 material conforms to prescribed requirements.
Fed. Std. No. 102 Preservation, Packaging and Packing S3. Identification Marking
Levels
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) S3.1 All material shall be properly marked for identification
Fed. Std. No. 185 Identification Marking of Copper and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 185 except that the ASTM
Copper-Base Alloy Mill Products specification number and the alloy number shall be used.
S1.1.2 Military Standard:13 S4. Preparation for Delivery
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage S4.1 Preservation, Packaging, Packing:
S1.1.3 Military Specification:13 S4.1.1 Military Agencies—The material shall be separated
MIL-C-3993 Packaging of Copper and Copper-Base Alloy by size, composition, grade or class and shall be preserved and
Mill Products packaged, Level A or C, packed, Level A, B, or C as specified
S2. Quality Assurance in the contract or purchase order, in accordance with the
requirements of MIL-C-3993.
S2.1 Responsibility for Inspection:
S4.1.2 Civil Agencies—The requirements of Fed. Std. No.
S2.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or pur-
102 shall be referenced for definitions of the various levels of
chase order, the manufacturer is responsible for the perfor-
packaging protection.
mance of all inspection and test requirements specified. Except
S4.2 Marking:
as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the
S4.2.1 Military Agencies—In addition to any special mark-
manufacturer has the option to use his own or any other
ing required by the contract or purchase order, marking for
suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test
shipment shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129.
S4.2.2 Civil Agencies—In addition to any special marking
13
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, required by the contract or purchase order, marking for
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS. shipment shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.
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B 88 – 02
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee B05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B 88–99e1)
that may impact the use of this standard.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
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This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
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